The anchoring bias reflects rational use of cognitive resources
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive biases, such as the anchoring bias, pose a serious challenge to rational accounts of human cognition. We investigate whether rational theories can meet this challenge by taking into account the mind's bounded cognitive resources. We asked what reasoning under uncertainty would look like if people made rational use of their finite time and limited cognitive resources. To answer this question, we applied a mathematical theory of bounded rationality to the problem of numerical estimation. Our analysis led to a rational process model that can be interpreted in terms of anchoring-and-adjustment. This model provided a unifying explanation for ten anchoring phenomena including the differential effect of accuracy motivation on the bias towards provided versus self-generated anchors. Our results illustrate the potential of resource-rational analysis to provide formal theories that can unify a wide range of empirical results and reconcile the impressive capacities of the human mind with its apparently irrational cognitive biases.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Previous research emphasizes the importance of collaborative decision-making in health care to mitigate individual cognitive biases.
“This is in line with previous research emphasizing the importance of collaborative decision-making in health care to mitigate individual cognitive biases [47].”
From Mitigating cognitive biases in clinical decision-making through multi-agent conversations using large language models: simulation study (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
The Abstract and the section on resource-rationality discuss cognitive biases and limited cognitive resources, but not collaborative decision-making in health care. Searches for collaborative decision-making and for clinical or medical group decisions found no passage addressing whether collaboration mitigates individual biases. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124 · Cited by 28,810 · see citing works
Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1975) · Utility, Probability, and Human Decision Making · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1834-0_8 · Cited by 22,650 · see citing works
Theory of games and economic behavior
Garcia, S. R., & Miller, S. J. (2019) · American Mathematical Society eBooks · doi:10.1090/mbk/121/32 · Cited by 16,777 · see citing works
A BEHAVIORAL MODEL OF RATIONAL CHOICE
Simon, H. A. (1955) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1884852 · Cited by 15,877 · see citing works
Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and their applications.
Hastings, W. K. (1970) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/57.1.97 · Cited by 15,195 · see citing works
Diamond, A. (2013) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750 · Cited by 13,268 · see citing works
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 25
Zhang, Y., Sutton, C. A., Storkey, A., & Zoubin Ghahramani, A. (2012) · Cited by 12,653 · see citing works
A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing.
Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.82.6.407 · Cited by 8,141 · see citing works
Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice
Gilks, W. R., Richardson, S. T., & Spiegelhalter, D. J. (1995) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/b14835 · Cited by 7,927 · see citing works
Sequential Monte Carlo Methods in Practice
Doucet, A. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3437-9 · Cited by 7,445 · see citing works
Rational choice and the structure of the environment.
Simon, H. A. (1956) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0042769 · Cited by 5,919 · see citing works
Marr, D. (1982) · Cumulative Index of Computer Aided Architectural Design · Cited by 5,733 · see citing works
The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
Harrison, R. W., von Neumann, J., & Morgenstern, O. (1945) · Journal of Farm Economics · doi:10.2307/1232672 · Cited by 5,258 · see citing works
Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness
Kahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (1972) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(72)90016-3 · Cited by 4,880 · see citing works
Fodor, J. A. (1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,588 · see citing works
Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment.
Cherniak, C., Nisbett, R. E., & Ross, L. D. (1983) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2184495 · Cited by 4,196 · see citing works
Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment
Bottom, W. P., Gilovich, T. D., Griffin, D., & Kahneman, D. J. (2004) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/20159081 · Cited by 3,579 · see citing works
Reasoning the fast and frugal way: Models of bounded rationality.
Gigerenzer, G., & Goldstein, D. G. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.4.650 · Cited by 3,504 · see citing works
Payne, J. W., Bettman, J. R., & Johnson, E. J. (1993) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139173933 · Cited by 3,487 · see citing works
Elimination by aspects: A theory of choice
Tversky, A. (1972) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0032955 · Cited by 3,365 · see citing works
Leave, C., Payne, J. W., Bettman, J. R., & Johnson, E. J. (1994) · Journal of the Operational Research Society · doi:10.2307/2584298 · Cited by 3,315 · see citing works
The Utility Analysis of Choices Involving Risk
Friedman, M., & Savage, L. J. (1948) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/256692 · Cited by 3,128 · see citing works
Miller, G. A., & Cantor, N. E. (1982) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.1982.1.1.83 · Cited by 2,862 · see citing works
Neely, J. H. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.106.3.226 · Cited by 2,826 · see citing works
Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment.
Connolly, T., Nisbett, R. E., & Ross, L. D. (1981) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392481 · Cited by 2,682 · see citing works
MCMC Using Hamiltonian Dynamics
Neal, R. M. (2011) · Handbook of Markov Chain Monte Carlo · doi:10.1201/b10905-6 · Cited by 2,574 · see citing works
A spreading activation theory of memory.
Anderson, J. R. (1983) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(83)90201-3 · Cited by 2,199 · see citing works
The Adaptive Character of Thought
Massaro, D. W., Friedman, D., & Anderson, J. R. (1991) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1423253 · Cited by 2,174 · see citing works
The free-energy principle: a rough guide to the brain?
Friston, K. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.04.005 · Cited by 1,831 · see citing works
Predictive coding under the free-energy principle
Friston, K., & Kiebel, S. (2009) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0300 · Cited by 1,579 · see citing works
Wason, P. C. (1968) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/14640746808400161 · Cited by 1,476 · see citing works
"Coherent Arbitrariness": Stable Demand Curves Without Stable Preferences
Ariely, D., Loewenstein, G. F., & Prelec, D. (2003) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/00335530360535153 · Cited by 1,455 · see citing works
A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive
Mill, J. S. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003009450-5 · Cited by 1,430 · see citing works
Elements of a theory of human problem solving.
Newell, A., Shaw, J. C., & Simon, H. A. (1958) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0048495 · Cited by 1,380 · see citing works
Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice.
Kass, R. E., Gilks, W. R., Richardson, S. T., & Spiegelhalter, D. J. (1997) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2965438 · Cited by 1,380 · see citing works
Perspective Taking as Egocentric Anchoring and Adjustment.
Nicholas Epley, A., Keysar, B., Leaf Van Boven, A., & Gilovich, T. D. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.3.327 · Cited by 1,316 · see citing works
From substantive to procedural rationality
Simon, H. A. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-4367-7_6 · Cited by 1,315 · see citing works
The decision and the organization
MacDougall, C. D., & Wilson, H. (1965) · Marzani & Munsell eBooks · Cited by 1,149 · see citing works
A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive
Mill, J. S. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139149839 · Cited by 1,079 · see citing works
Northcraft, G. B., & Neale, M. A. (1987) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(87)90046-x · Cited by 1,075 · see citing works
(2002) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/1654.001.0001 · Cited by 1,033 · see citing works
Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society
Dale, R. A. C., Yu, C., Nagai, Y., Coco, M. I., & Kopp, S. (2013) · Cited by 1,006 · see citing works
Explaining the enigmatic anchoring effect: Mechanisms of selective accessibility.
Strack, F., & Mussweiler, T. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.3.437 · Cited by 981 · see citing works
Gigerenzer, G. (2008) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00058.x · Cited by 962 · see citing works
Oaksford, M., & Chater, N. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524496.001.0001 · Cited by 926 · see citing works
A Contingency Model for the Selection of Decision Strategies
Beach, L. R., & Mitchell, T. R. (1978) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1978.4305717 · Cited by 922 · see citing works
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic: Why the Adjustments Are Insufficient
Epley, N., & Gilovich, T. (2006) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01704.x · Cited by 920 · cited 28× · see citing works
“In an experiment with self-generated anchors (Epley & Gilovich, 2006) found that people adjust their estimate less when required to simultaneously memorize an eight-letter string.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialShugan, S. M. (1980) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/208799 · Cited by 919 · see citing works
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science
(2018) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/(issn)1939-5086 · Cited by 877 · see citing works
Predicting pragmatic reasoning in language games
Frank, M. C., & Goodman, N. D. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1218633 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Self-citationFirst offers as anchors: The role of perspective-taking and negotiator focus.
Galinsky, A. D., & Mussweiler, T. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.4.657 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
A new look at anchoring effects: Basic anchoring and its antecedents.
Wilson, T. D., Houston, C. E., Etling, K. M., & Brekke, N. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.125.4.387 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Measures of Anchoring in Estimation Tasks
Jacowitz, K. E., & Kahneman, D. J. (1995) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672952111004 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Stewart, N., Chater, N., & Brown, G. D. A. (2006) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2005.10.003 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society
Dziemianko, M., Keller, F., & Coco, M. I. (2011) · Cited by 730 · see citing works
(1980) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Computational rationality: A converging paradigm for intelligence in brains, minds, and machines
Gershman, S. J., Horvitz, E., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aac6076 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Statistically optimal perception and learning: from behavior to neural representations
Fiser, J., Berkes, P., Orbán, G., & Lengyel, M. (2010) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.01.003 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Russell, S., Wefald, E. H., Bobrow, D. G., Brady, M., & Davis, R. (1991) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/2474.001.0001 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Attribution and the psychology of prediction.
Nisbett, R. E., & Borgida, E. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.32.5.932 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Optimal Predictions in Everyday Cognition
Griffiths, T. L., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2006) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01780.x · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Self-citationApproximate Bayesian Computation
Sunnåker, M., Busetto, A. G., Numminen, E., Corander, J., Foll, M., & Dessimoz, C. (2013) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002803 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
On the Relation Between the Natural Logic of Reasoning and Standard Logic.
Braine, M. (1978) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.85.1.1 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
Schwarz, N. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315805887 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Mussweiler, T., & Strack, F. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1006/jesp.1998.1364 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Rates of convergence of the Hastings and Metropolis algorithms
Mengersen, K. L., & Tweedie, R. L. (1996) · The Annals of Statistics · doi:10.1214/aos/1033066201 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Englich, B., Mussweiler, T., & Strack, F. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167205282152 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Cognition and Communication: Judgmental Biases, Research Methods, and the Logic of Conversation
Schwarz, N. (2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Vul (2014) · doi:10.1111/cogs.12101 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Self-citationIncorporating the Irrelevant: Anchors in Judgments of Belief and Value
Chapman, G. B., & Johnson, E. J. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.008 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Griffiths, T. L., Lieder, F., & Goodman, N. D. (2015) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12142 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Self-citationGood Thinking: The Foundations of Probability and Its Applications.
Berger, J. O., & Good, I. J. (1985) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288079 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Chapman, G. B., & Johnson, E. J. (1994) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.3960070402 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Anderson, J. R. (1991) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00070801 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Buesing, L., Bill, J., Nessler, B., & Maass, W. (2011) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002211 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Rational approximations to rational models: alternative algorithms for category learning
Sanborn, A. N., Griffiths, T. L., & Navarro, D. J. (2010) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0020511 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Self-citationReducing Overconfidence in the Interval Judgments of Experts
Speirs‐Bridge, A., Fidler, F. M., McBride, M. F., Flander, L. B., Cumming, G., & Burgman, M. A. (2009) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01337.x · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Decision traps : ten barriers to brilliant decision-making and how to overcome them
Russo, J. E., & Schoemaker, P. J. H. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 347 · see citing works
The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
(2008) · doi:10.1057/b.9780631218234.2009.x · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Shafir, E., & LeBoeuf, R. A. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135213 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Cognitive Processes and Societal Risk Taking
Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B., & Lichtenstein, S. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1276-8_2 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Nicholas Epley, A., & Gilovich, T. D. (2005) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.495 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
The Tractable Cognition Thesis
van Rooij, I. (2008) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1080/03640210801897856 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Anchoring Effects on Consumers’ Willingness‐to‐Pay and Willingness‐to‐Accept
Simonson, I., & Drolet, A. L. (2004) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/425103 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Russell, S. (1997) · Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00026-x · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Provably Bounded-Optimal Agents
Russell, S. J., & Subramanian, D. (1995) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research · doi:10.1613/jair.133 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Wright, W. F., & Anderson, U. L. (1989) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(89)90035-6 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Thorngate, W. (1980) · Systems Research and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1002/bs.3830250306 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Simmons, J. P., LeBoeuf, R. A., & Nelson, L. D. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021540 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Computational Rationality: Linking Mechanism and Behavior Through Bounded Utility Maximization
Lewis, R. L., Howes, A., & Singh, S. P. (2014) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12086 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Nicholas Epley, A., & Gilovich, T. D. (2004) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167203261889 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Bayesian sampling in visual perception
Moreno-Bote, R., Knill, D. C., & Pouget, A. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1101430108 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
The Accuracy of Intuitive Judgment Strategies: Covariation Assessment and Bayesian Inference
McKenzie, C. R. M. (1994) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1994.1007 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Random walks on semantic networks can resemble optimal foraging.
Abbott, J. T., Austerweil, J. L., & Griffiths, T. L. (2015) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0038693 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationMultistability and perceptual inference
Gershman, S. J., Vul, E., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2012) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco_a_00226 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Win-Stay, Lose-Sample: A simple sequential algorithm for approximating Bayesian inference
Bonawitz, E. B., Denison, S., Alison Gopnik, C., & Griffiths, T. L. (2014) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2014.06.003 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationRational variability in children's causal inferences: the sampling hypothesis
Denison, S., Bonawitz, E., Gopnik, A., & Griffiths, T. L. (2013) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2012.10.010 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationDo the right thing: studies in limited rationality
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-5169 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Bonawitz, E. B., Denison, S., Griffiths, T. L., & Alison Gopnik, C. (2014) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2014.06.006 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationThe fragile basic anchoring effect
Brewer, N. T., & Chapman, G. B. (2002) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.403 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
A Tale of Tuned Decks? Anchoring as Accessibility and Anchoring as Adjustment
Nicholas Epley, A. (2004) · doi:10.1002/9780470752937.ch12 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
The International Encyclopedia of Ethics
Hannabuss, S. (2014) · Reference Reviews · doi:10.1108/rr-11-2013-0285 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
The Rational Analysis Of Mind And Behavior
Nick Chater, A., & Oaksford, M. (2000) · Synthese · doi:10.1023/a:1005272027245 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Approximate Bayesian computation with differential evolution
Turner, B. M., & Sederberg, P. B. (2012) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2012.06.004 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Burn-in, bias, and the rationality of anchoring
Lieder, F., Griffiths, T. L., & Goodman, N. D. (2012) · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationThe anchor integration model: A descriptive model of anchoring effects
Turner, B. M., & Schley, D. R. (2016) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2016.07.003 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Stochastic Computations in Cortical Microcircuit Models
Habenschuss, S., Jonke, Z., & Maass, W. (2013) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003311 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The power of precise numbers: A conversational logic analysis
Zhang, Y. C., & Schwarz, N. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.04.002 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Martinelli, A. (2004) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/california/9780520241367.003.0007 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Griffiths, T. L., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0024899 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationEmpirical evidence for resource-rational anchoring and adjustment
Lieder, F., Griffiths, T. L., Huys, Q. J. M., & Goodman, N. D. (2017) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-017-1288-6 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationGood thinking: the foundations of probability and its applications
Good, I. J. (1983) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Algorithm selection by rational metareasoning as a model of human strategy selection
Lieder, F., Plunkett, D., Hamrick, J. B., Russell, S., Hay, N., & Griffiths, T. L. (2014) · doi:10.13140/2.1.2563.1686 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Effects of Feedback Source and Plausibility of Hindsight Bias
POHL, R. F. (1998) · The European Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/713752272 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
When to use which heuristic: A rational solution to the strategy selection problem
Lieder, F., & Griffiths, T. L. (2015) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.28760.42241 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationHindsight bias as a function of anchor distance and anchor plausibility
Hardt, O. M., & POHL, R. F. (2003) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210244000504 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Empirical Evidence for Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Memory Search.
Bourgin, D., Abbott, J. T., Griffiths, T. L., Smith, K. A., & Vul, E. (2014) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationThe high availability of extreme events serves resource-rational decision-making
Lieder, F., Hsu, M., & Griffiths, T. L. (2014) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.22049.53605 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationExploring the influence of particle filter parameters on order effects in causal learning
Abbott, J. T., & Griffiths, T. L. (2011) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationRational Choice and Political Science
Lohmann, S. (2008) · The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics · doi:10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2341-1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Empirical evidence for resource-rational anchoring and adjustmentPreprint
Lieder, F., Griffiths, T. L., Huys, Q. J. M., & Goodman, N. D. (2017) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/zu4pt · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationSosis, C. L., & Bishop, M. A. (2013) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1263 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
5 of the 127 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Epley, N., & Gilovich, T. (2006). The anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic. Psychological Science, 17(4), 311-318.
- Horvitz, E., Suermondt, H., & Cooper, G. (1989). Bounded condi- tioning: Flexible inference for decisions under scarce resources Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Uncertainty in Artifi- cial Intelligence (pp. 182-193). Mountain View: Association for Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence.
- Lieder, F., Goodman, N.D., & Huys, Q.J.M. (2013). Controllability and resource-rational planning. In Pillow, J., Rust, N., Cohen, M., & Latham, P. (Eds.) Cosyne Abstracts.
- Shafir, E., & LeBoeuf, R.A. (2002). Rationality. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 491-517.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lieder, F., & Griffiths, T. L. (2020) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x1900061x · Cited by 892 · see citing works
Self-citationResolving uncertainty in a social world
FeldmanHall, O., & Shenhav, A. (2019) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-019-0590-x · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Deciding Fast and Slow: The Role of Cognitive Biases in AI-assisted Decision-making
Rastogi, C., Zhang, Y., Wei, D., Varshney, K. R., Dhurandhar, A., & Tomsett, R. (2022) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3512930 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Non-Equilibrium Relations for Bounded Rational Decision-Making in Changing Environments
Grau-Moya, J., Krüger, M., & Braun, D. A. (2017) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e20010001 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
A Neural Network Framework for Cognitive Bias
Korteling, J. E., Brouwer, A.-M., & Toet, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01561 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Rational metareasoning and the plasticity of cognitive control
Lieder, F., Shenhav, A., Musslick, S., & Griffiths, T. L. (2018) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006043 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationDecision making biases in the allied health professions: A systematic scoping review
Featherston, R., Downie, L. E., Vogel, A. P., & Galvin, K. L. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240716 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Where do hypotheses come from?
Dasgupta, I., Schulz, E., & Gershman, S. J. (2017) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2017.05.001 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Optimality and heuristics in perceptual neuroscience
Gardner, J. L. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0340-4 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Cognitive Biases: Mistakes or Missing Stakes?
Enke, B., Uri Gneezy, B., Hall, B. J., Martin, D., Nelidov, V., Offerman, T., & van de Ven, J. (2021) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_01093 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Mind, rationality, and cognition: An interdisciplinary debate
Nick Chater, A., Felin, T., Funder, D. C., Gigerenzer, G., Koenderink, J. J., Krueger, J. I., Noble, D., Nordli, S. A., Oaksford, M., Schwartz, B. N., et al. (2017) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-017-1333-5 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
A theory of learning to infer.
Dasgupta, I., Schulz, E., Tenenbaum, J. B., & Gershman, S. J. (2020) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000178 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Explanation as a Cognitive Process
Horne, Z., Muradoglu, M., & Cimpian, A. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.12.004 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Probabilistic Biases Meet the Bayesian Brain
Chater, N., Zhu, J.-Q., Spicer, J., Sundh, J., León-Villagrá, P., & Sanborn, A. N. (2020) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721420954801 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Griffiths, T. L., Kemp, C., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108755610.006 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationKe, Y., Yang, R., Lie, S. A., Lim, T. X. Y., Ning, Y., Li, I., Abdullah, H. R., Ting, D. S. W., & Liu, N. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/59439 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“This is in line with previous research emphasizing the importance of collaborative decision-making in health care to mitigate individual cognitive biases [47].”
Remembrance of inferences past: Amortization in human hypothesis generation
Dasgupta, I., Schulz, E., Goodman, N. D., & Gershman, S. J. (2018) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2018.04.017 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationA resource-rational analysis of human planning
Callaway, F., Lieder, F., Das, P., Gul, S., Krueger, P. M., & Griffiths, T. L. (2018) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.15636.40326 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationAnalyzing anchoring bias in attribute weight elicitation of SMART, Swing, and best‐worst method
Rezaei, J., Arab, A., & Mehregan, M. R. (2022) · International Transactions in Operational Research · doi:10.1111/itor.13171 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Russian-Ukraine armed conflict: Lessons learned on the digital ecosystem
Aviv, I., & Ferri, U. (2023) · International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection · doi:10.1016/j.ijcip.2023.100637 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Interventions to Mitigate Bias in Social Work Decision-Making: A Systematic Review
Featherston, R., Shlonsky, A., Lewis, C. C., Luong, M.-L. N., Downie, L. E., Vogel, A. P., Granger, C. L., Hamilton, B. E., & Galvin, K. L. (2018) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731518819160 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Bach, A. K. P., Nørgaard, T. M., Brok, J. C., & van Berkel, N. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3581513 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Overcoming financial planners’ cognitive biases through digitalization: A qualitative study
Athota, V. S., Pereira, V. E., Hasan, Z., Vaz, D., Laker, B., & Reppas, D. (2022) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.08.055 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Why bounded rationality (in epistemology)?
Thorstad, D. (2023) · Philosophy and Phenomenological Research · doi:10.1111/phpr.12978 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Empirical evidence for resource-rational anchoring and adjustment
Lieder, F., Griffiths, T. L., Huys, Q. J. M., & Goodman, N. D. (2017) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-017-1288-6 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationA rational reinterpretation of dual-process theories
Milli, S., Lieder, F., & Griffiths, T. L. (2021) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104881 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, M., Nazir, M. S., Farooqi, R., & Ishfaq, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.828956 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
How was my performance? Exploring the role of anchoring bias in AI-assisted decision making
Carter, L. D., & Liu, D. (2025) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2025.102875 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Infant Statisticians: The Origins of Reasoning Under Uncertainty
Denison, S., & Xu, F. (2019) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691619847201 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
A Formal Valuation Framework for Emotions and Their Control
Huys, Q. J. M., & Renz, D. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.07.003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Bayesian encoding and decoding as distinct perspectives on neural coding
Lange, R. D., Shivkumar, S., Chattoraj, A., & Haefner, R. M. (2023) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-023-01458-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Tailoring heuristics and timing AI interventions for supporting news veracity assessments
Horne, B. D., Nevo, D., Adalı, S., Manikonda, L., & Arrington, C. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2020.100043 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Thorstad, D. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198886143.001.0001 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Human bias in AI models? Anchoring effects and mitigation strategies in large language models
Nguyen, J. (2024) · Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbef.2024.100971 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Converse, B. A., & Dennis, P. J. (2018) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.05.007 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Decisional carryover effects in interval timing: Evidence of a generalized response bias
Wehrman, J., Wearden, J. H., & Sowman, P. F. (2020) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-019-01922-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Cognitive Biases: Mistakes or Missing Stakes?
Enke, B., Uri Gneezy, B., Hall, B. J., Martin, D., Nelidov, V., Offerman, T., & van de Ven, J. (2021) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w28650 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Human-artificial intelligence interaction in gastrointestinal endoscopy
Campion, J. R., O’Connor, D. B., & Lahiff, C. J. (2024) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.4253/wjge.v16.i3.126 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Rabiee, M., Aslani, B., & Rezaei, J. (2021) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114597 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Fooled by facts: quantifying anchoring bias through a large-scale experiment
Yasseri, T., & Reher, J. (2022) · Journal of Computational Social Science · doi:10.1007/s42001-021-00158-0 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Can Masstige brands be introduced in the B2B markets? An exploratory study
Saha, V., Das, M., & Paul, J. (2023) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.07.009 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Edwards, D. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.715159 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Beach, L. R. (2020) · Futures & Foresight Science · doi:10.1002/ffo2.58 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Iram, T., Bilal, A. R., Ahmad, Z., & Latif, S. (2022) · Business Perspectives and Research · doi:10.1177/22785337221114675 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Helmefalk, M., Palmquist, A., & Rosenlund, J. (2023) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2023.01.030 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Zhu, J.-Q., Sundh, J., Spicer, J., Nick Chater, A., & Sanborn, A. N. (2023) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000427 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Understanding learning through uncertainty and bias
Bruckner, R., Heekeren, H. R., & Nassar, M. R. (2025) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-025-00203-y · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Investigating Effects of Visual Anchors on Decision‐Making about Misinformation
Wesslen, R. S., Santhanam, S., Karduni, A., Cho, I., Shaikh, S., & Dou, W. (2019) · Computer Graphics Forum · doi:10.1111/cgf.13679 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Noise in Cognition: Bug or Feature?
Sanborn, A. N., Zhu, J.-Q., Spicer, J., León-Villagrá, P., Castillo, L., Falbén, J. K., Li, Y.-X., Tee, A., & Chater, N. (2025) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916241258951 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Heuristics and cognitive biases in the housing investment market
Cascão, A., Quelhas, A. P., & Cunha, A. M. (2022) · International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis · doi:10.1108/ijhma-05-2022-0073 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Lu, L., Xu, J., & Wei, J. (2023) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2023.102028 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Anchored in praise? Potential manifestation of the anchoring bias in feedback reception
Lipnevich, A. A., Eßer, F. J., Park, M. J., & Winstone, N. (2023) · Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice · doi:10.1080/0969594x.2023.2179956 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Researchers suggested that the underlying mechanisms for anchoring may originate in a complex web of cognitive processes, such as memory retrieval, language understanding, social cognition, and creativity (Lieder et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMori, Y., Kopylov, U., Sinonquel, P., Ebigbo, A., Dekker, E., de Groof, A. J., Ahmad, O. F., Kader, R., Săftoiu, A., Schoon, E. J., et al. (2025) · Endoscopy · doi:10.1055/a-2742-4342 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Liu, J., Gao, W., Li, D., Huang, S., & Liu, H. (2018) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2018.2883452 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Active causal structure learning in continuous time
Gong, T., Gerstenberg, T., Mayrhofer, R., & Bramley, N. R. (2022) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2022.101542 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Theodorakopoulos, L., Theodoropoulou, A., & Halkiopoulos, C. (2025) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics14193930 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Perceptual and Cognitive Judgments Show Both Anchoring and Repulsion
Spicer, J., Zhu, J.-Q., Nick Chater, A., & Sanborn, A. N. (2022) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09567976221089599 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Active inductive inference in children and adults: A constructivist perspective
Bramley, N. R., & Xu, F. (2023) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105471 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Do Incidental Environmental Anchors Bias Consumers’ Price Estimations?
Shanks, D. R., Barbieri-Hermitte, P., & Vadillo, M. A. (2020) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.310 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Multiple conceptions of resource rationality
Ma, W. J., & Woodford, M. (2020) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x19001754 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Investigating the role of in-situ user expectations in Web search
Wang, B., & Liu, J. (2023) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2023.103300 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Anchoring bias in the evaluation of basketball players: A closer look at NBA draft decision‐making
Berger, T., & Daumann, F. (2021) · Managerial and Decision Economics · doi:10.1002/mde.3305 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Resource‐rational Models of Human Goal Pursuit
Prystawski, B., Mohnert, F., Tošić, M., & Lieder, F. (2021) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12562 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationO’Keefe, H., Rankin, J. M., Wallace, S. A., & Beyer, F. R. (2022) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1593 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Exploring the Design of Technology-Mediated Nudges for Online Misinformation
Konstantinou, L., Panos, D., & Karapanos, E. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2023.2301265 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Through the Lens of Fairness: A Qualitative Investigation into Co‐workers’ Perceptions of I‐deals
Gachayeva, S., Murphy, S. E., & Aldossari, M. (2024) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.13151 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Resource-Constrained Brain: A New Perspective on the Equity Premium Puzzle
Siddiqi, H., & Murphy, A. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral Finance · doi:10.1080/15427560.2021.1975716 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Algorithms of adaptation in inductive inference
Fränken, J.-P., Theodoropoulos, N. C., & Bramley, N. R. (2022) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2022.101506 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A large scale randomized controlled trial on herding in peer-review discussions
Stelmakh, I., Rastogi, C., Shah, N. B., Singh, A., & Daum'e, H. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287443 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
CreAItive Collaboration? Users' Misjudgment of AI-Creativity Affects Their Collaborative Performance
Bangerl, M. M., Disch, L., David, T., & Pammer-Schindler, V. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713886 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Fütterer, T., Campos, D., Gfrörer, T., Lavelle-Hill, R. E., Murayama, K., & Scherer, R. (2025) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2025.102849 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Explaining the flaws in human random generation as local sampling with momentum
Castillo, L., León-Villagrá, P., Nick Chater, A., & Sanborn, A. N. (2024) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011739 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hanging the Anchor Off a New Ship: A Meta-Analysis of Anchoring EffectsPreprint
Röseler, L., & Schütz, A. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/wf2tn · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Logic, Probability, and Pragmatics in Syllogistic Reasoning
Tessler, M. H., Tenenbaum, J. B., & Goodman, N. D. (2022) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12593 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationMoro, B. L. P., Pontes, L. R. A., Maia, H. C. D. M., Freitas, R. D., Tedesco, T. K., Raggio, D. P., Braga, M. M., Ekstrand, K., Imparato, J. C. P., Cenci, M. S., et al. (2022) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000523951 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hoelzemann, A., & Laerhoven, K. V. (2024) · Frontiers in Computer Science · doi:10.3389/fcomp.2024.1379788 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Local Search and the Evolution of World Models
Bramley, N. R., Zhao, B., Quillien, T., & Lucas, C. G. (2023) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12703 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Please Join Me/Us/Them on My/Our/Their Journey to Justice in STEM
Roscoe, R. D. (2022) · Discourse Processes · doi:10.1080/0163853x.2022.2050084 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Do You See What You Mean? Using Predictive Visualizations to Reduce Optimism in Duration Estimates
Koval, M., & Jansen, Y. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3502010 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bae, H., Lee, S., Lee, C.-Y., & Kim, C.-E. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.763533 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Locating what comes to mind in empirically derived representational spaces
Mills, T., & Phillips, J. (2023) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105549 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kealy-Bateman, W., Gorman, G. M., & Carroll, A. (2021) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440211016836 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Incremental hypothesis revision in causal reasoning across developmentPreprint
Gelpí, R., Prystawski, B., Lucas, C. G., & Buchsbaum, D. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/nyahu · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Naïve information aggregation in human social learning
Fränken, J.-P., Valentin, S., Lucas, C. G., & Bramley, N. R. (2023) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105633 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lakhlifi, C., & Rohaut, B. (2023) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2023.104181 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Su, M.-C., Wang, Y.-J., Chen, T., Chiu, S.-H., Chang, H., Huang, M.-S., Hu, L.-H., Li, C.-C., Yang, S.-J., Wu, J., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17030927 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Differences in Learning Across the Lifespan Emerge via Resource-Rational ComputationsPreprint
Bruckner, R., Nassar, M. R., Li, S., & Eppinger, B. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/nh9bq · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Rescorla, M. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108955973 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Anchoring effect in corporate social behaviors: evidence from donations and pollution
Li, Q., & Wang, J. (2024) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/md-06-2023-1085 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wang, X., Chen, J., Peng, F., & Lu, J. (2021) · Journal of Healthcare Engineering · doi:10.1155/2021/4425449 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
RetractedEcological rationality and economics: where the Twain shall meet
Ortmann, A., & Spiliopoulos, L. (2023) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-023-04136-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
How do people predict a random walk? Lessons for models of human cognition.
Spicer, J., Zhu, J.-Q., Nick Chater, A., & Sanborn, A. N. (2024) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000493 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Cognitive Bias in Cross-Cultural Design
Rau, P., Guo, Z., Qie, N., Lei, X., & Zhang, A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35574-6_24 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sampling as the Human Approximation to Probabilistic Inference
Sanborn, A. N., Zhu, J.-Q., Spicer, J., Sundh, J., León-Villagrá, P., & Nick Chater, A. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198862536.003.0021 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A computational model of infant learning and reasoning with probabilities.
Shultz, T. R., & Nobandegani, A. S. (2021) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000322 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A neural network framework for cognitive biasPreprint
Korteling, J. E., Brouwer, A.-M., & Toet, A. (2017) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/qsy98 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Spennemann, D. H. R. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5393987 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Colas, J. T., O’Doherty, J. P., & Grafton, S. T. (2024) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011950 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
An Investigation of Interaction and Information Needs for Protocol Reverse Engineering Automation
Katcher, S., Mattei, J., Chandler, J., & Votipka, D. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713630 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Belief as a non-epistemic adaptive benefit
Gelpí, R., Cunningham, W. A., & Buchsbaum, D. (2020) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x19002206 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lieder, F., Griffiths, T. L., M. Huys, Q. J., & Goodman, N. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lieder, Falk
- Venue
- Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
- Published
- 2017-05-08
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 322-349
- ISSN
- 1069-9384 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-5320
- OpenAlex
- W2613289252
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 127
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (N00014-13-1-0341)
- Office of Naval Research (N00014-13-1-0341, ONR MURI N00014-13-1-0341, MURI N00014-13-1-0341, N00014)
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research (N00014-13-1-0341, FA‐9550‐10‐1‐0232)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Cognitive Science and Education Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- anchoring effect, anchoring and adjustment, bounded rationality, cognitive resources, uncertainty reasoning, numerical estimation, accuracy motivation
- MeSH terms
- Heuristics, Cognition, Humans, Motivation, Probability, Problem Solving, Bias, Uncertainty
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
