Variety, palatability, and obesity
Open accessAbstract
Among the key characteristics of the Western obesogenic food environment is a highly palatable and varied food supply. Laboratory investigations of eating behavior in both humans and animals established key roles for palatability and variety in stimulating appetite, delaying satiety, and promoting excessive energy intake. There is a robust effect of food palatability and variety on short-term food intake, and increased variety and palatability also cause weight gain in animal models. However, laboratory paradigms do not replicate the complexities of eating in a natural setting, and there is a shortage of evidence to estimate the magnitude of effects on weight in humans. There are substantial individual differences in susceptibility to the palatability effect and this may be a key determinant in individual vulnerability to weight gain. The understanding of pathways through which palatability and variety can affect eating is advancing, and epidemiologic and intervention studies are needed to translate laboratory findings into applications in public health or clinical domains, and to establish whether there is a role for greater regulation of the food environment in tackling increases in obesity.
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No interventional studies in humans have demonstrated a causal relation between palatability and obesity, controlling for confounding factors such as macronutrient composition.
“As reviewed by Johnson and Wardle (11), no interventional studies in humans have demonstrated a causal relation between palatability and obesity, controlling for confounding factors such as macronutrient composition.”
From The carbohydrate-insulin model: A physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
Surprisingly little evidence relates palatability directly to chronic overconsumption in laboratory animals or humans under normal conditions.
“However, surprisingly little evidence relates palatability directly to chronic overconsumption (i.e., relative to energy requirements) in laboratory animals or humans under normal conditions (10–12).”
From The carbohydrate-insulin model: A physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
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GLP-1/dexamethasone inhibits food reward without inducing mood and memory deficits in mice
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- Authors
- Johnson, F., & Wardle, J.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Johnson, Fiona
- Venue
- Advances in Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-11
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 851-859
- ISSN
- 2156-5376 (ISSN-L)
- 2161-8313
- PMC
- PMC4224225
- OpenAlex
- W2164656906
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 0.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advances in Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK (14133)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- palatability, dietary diversity, obesity, appetite, satiety, energy intake, weight gain, individual differences, dietary habits, food environment regulation
- MeSH terms
- Appetite, Energy Intake, Feeding Behavior, Food Preferences, Food Supply, Humans, Obesity, Satiation, Taste, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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