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Acute Energy Deprivation Affects Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis and Associated Intracellular Signaling Proteins in Physically Active Adults
Open accessAbstract
To date, few studies have characterized the influence of energy deprivation on direct measures of skeletal muscle protein turnover. In this investigation, we characterized the effect of an acute, moderate energy deficit (10 d) on mixed muscle fractional synthetic rate (FSR) and associated intracellular signaling proteins in physically active adults. Eight men and 4 women participated in a 20-d, 2-phase diet intervention study: weight maintenance (WM) and energy deficient (ED; approximately 80% of estimated energy requirements). Dietary protein (1.5 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and fat (approximately 30% of total energy) were constant for WM and ED. FSR and intracellular signaling proteins were measured on d 10 of both interventions using a primed, constant infusion of [(2)H(5)]-phenylalanine and Western blotting techniques, respectively. Participants lost approximately 1 kg body weight during ED (P < 0.0001). FSR was reduced approximately 19% (P < 0.05) for ED (0.06 +/- 0.01%/h) compared with WM (0.074 +/- 0.01%/h). Protein kinase B and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 phosphorylation were lower (P < 0.05) during ED compared with WM. AMP activated protein kinase phosphorylation decreased (P < 0.05) over time regardless of energy status. These findings show that FSR and associated synthetic intracellular signaling proteins are downregulated in response to an acute, moderate energy deficit in physically active adults and provide a basis for future studies assessing the impact of prolonged, and perhaps more severe, energy restriction on skeletal muscle protein turnover.
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“there is good physiological reason to expect it to be constrained under caloric deficit [163]”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [163]
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“Energy availability may be even more important than total protein intake in determining whether ribosome biogenesis can be supported over time.”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [163]
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“this provides a mechanism whereby enhanced SM proteolysis occurs in response to hypoinsulinaemia (a physiological feature of NEB) [85,90].”
From Optimised Skeletal Muscle Mass as a Key Strategy for Obesity Management (2025) · cites this paper as [90]
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“a 10-day moderate NEB resulted in a 19% reduction in fasting SM protein synthesis [85,90].”
From Optimised Skeletal Muscle Mass as a Key Strategy for Obesity Management (2025) · cites this paper as [90]
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“Pasiakos et al. [85] reported a 19% decrease in MPS during 10 days of moderate caloric deficit (20% below maintenance).”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: diets for body weight reduction (2026) · cites this paper as [85]
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“Current evidence suggests that the energy deficit likely reduces basal MPS (29) and may also have reduced the sensitivity of MPS to feeding (30,31).”
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“Ribosome production is metabolically expensive”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [163]
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Reduced Rate of Energy Expenditure as a Risk Factor for Body-Weight Gain
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Bolster, D. R., Crozier, S. J., Kimball, S. R., & Jefferson, L. S. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c200171200 · Cited by 851
Volpi, E., Kobayashi, H., Sheffield-Moore, M., Mittendorfer, B., & Wolfe, R. R. (2003) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.2.250 · Cited by 846
An abundant supply of amino acids enhances the metabolic effect of exercise on muscle protein
Biolo, G., Tipton, K. D., Klein, S., & Wolfe, R. R. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.1.e122 · Cited by 825
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Layman, D. K., Boileau, R. A., Erickson, D. J., Painter, J. E., Shiue, H., Sather, C., & Christou, D. D. (2003) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/133.2.411 · Cited by 541
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Mountjoy, M., Ackerman, K. E., Bailey, D. M., Burke, L. M., Constantini, N., Hackney, A. C., Heikura, I. A., Melin, A., Pensgaard, A. M., Stellingwerff, T., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-106994 · Cited by 724
Biolo, G., Cederholm, T., & Muscaritoli, M. (2014) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.03.007 · Cited by 418
Supplemental Protein in Support of Muscle Mass and Health: Advantage Whey
Devries, M. C., & Phillips, S. M. (2015) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12802 · Cited by 355
Pasiakos, S. M., Cao, J. J., Margolis, L. M., Sauter, E. R., Whigham, L. D., McClung, J. P., Rood, J. C., Carbone, J. W., Combs, G. F., & Young, A. J. (2013) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.13-230227 · Cited by 312
Self-citationInternational society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition
Aragon, A. A., Schoenfeld, B. J., Wildman, R., Kleiner, S., VanDusseldorp, T., Taylor, L., Earnest, C. P., Arciero, P. J., Wilborn, C., Kalman, D. S., et al. (2017) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0174-y · Cited by 301
Metadata
- Authors
- Pasiakos, S. M., Vislocky, L. M., Carbone, J. W., Altieri, N., Konopelski, K., Freake, H. C., Anderson, J. M., Ferrando, A. A., Wolfe, R. R., & Rodriguez, N. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rodriguez, Nancy R.
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 745-751
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2141308679
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Connecticut
- National Cattlemen's Beef Association
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- caloric restriction, skeletal muscle protein synthesis, fractional synthesis rate, protein turnover, Akt, eIF4E-binding protein 1, AMPK, physically active adults, weight loss, dietary protein
- MeSH terms
- Diet, Energy Metabolism, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Hormones, Humans, Male, Motor Activity, Muscle Proteins, Phenylalanine, Down-Regulation, Muscle, Skeletal, Caloric Restriction, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Amino-Acid N-Acetyltransferase, Young Adult
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