The prevention and control the type-2 diabetes by changing lifestyle and dietary pattern
Open accessAbstract
Type-2 diabetes is a major, non-communicable disease with increasing prevalence at a global level. Type-2 diabetes results when the body does not make enough insulin or the body cannot use the insulin it produces. Type-2 diabetes is the leading cause of premature deaths. Improperly managed, it can lead to a number of health issues, including heart diseases, stroke, kidney disease, blindness, nerve damage, leg and foot amputations, and death. Type-2 diabetes or adult-onset diabetes is most common type of diabetes, usually begins when a person is in his or her mid-50s, but diabetes is not inevitable. Minor changes in your lifestyle can greatly reduce your chances of getting this disease. Therefore, in order to prevent this condition, action should be taken regarding the modifiable factors that influence its development-lifestyle and dietary habits. However, with proper testing, treatment and lifestyle changes, healthy eating as a strategy, promote walking, exercise, and other physical activities have beneficial effects on human health and prevention or treatment of diabetes, promoting adherence to this pattern is of considerable public health importance.
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Exercise, with or without a notable reduction in body weight, can enhance glycemic management by reducing HbA1c by 0.66% and can enhance patients' overall quality of life.
“Research indicates that exercise, with or without a notable reduction in body weight, can enhance glycemic management (a reduction of 0.66% in the HbA1C level) and enhance patients’ overall quality of life (45, 47, 48).”
From A critical review on diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 management approaches: from lifestyle modification to current and novel targets and therapeutic agents. (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
The 'Role of Physical Activity or Exercise' section (page unavailable) says regular activity lowers blood glucose. It does not report a 0.66% HbA1c reduction or establish that the effect occurs without notable weight loss. The 'Glucose testing' subsection says blood-glucose control helps people feel better, but does not specifically attribute an improvement in overall quality of life to exercise. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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BackgroundThe role of fruits, vegetables, and spices in diabetes
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“Omega-3 fatty acids are found in cold water fish such as herring, mackerel, salmon, trout, sardines and tuna, and in flaxseeds (2 tbsp per day, freshly ground).[90-93] Three to four servings of fish per week is recommended as part of a healthy, balanced diet.”
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“Diet constitutes a crucial aspect of the overall management of diabetes, which may involve diet alone, diet with oral hypoglycemic drugs, or diet with insulin.[11-15] Diet is individualized depending on age, weight, gender, health condition, and occupation etc.”
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Type II diabetes mellitus: a review on recent drug based therapeutics.
Padhi, S., Nayak, A. K., & Behera, A. (2020) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110708 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
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Nurses as Leaders in Disaster Preparedness and Response--A Call to Action.
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“It is responsible for different tissue damage that shortens the life expectancy of diabetics, involving cardiovascular diseases (CVD), atherosclerosis, hypertension [19], β-cell dysfunction [12], kidney disease [20] or blindness [21].”
BackgroundKasole, R., Martin, H. D., & Kimiywe, J. (2019) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2019/2835691 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
“Most refined grains are rich in simple carbohydrates which are absorbed rapidly, cause the blood glucose level to rise soon after the meal, and contain insufficient amounts of other nutrients such as fiber, proteins, vitamins, and minerals [24, 25].”
BackgroundTea consumption and disease correlations
Şanlıer, N., Gökcen, B. B., & Altuğ, M. (2018) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.026 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Anti-diabetic effects of luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside on KK-Ay mice
Zang, Y.-Q., Igarashi, K., & Li, Y. (2016) · Bioscience, biotechnology and biochemistry · doi:10.1080/09168451.2015.1116928 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
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Association of metformin administration with gut microbiome dysbiosis in healthy volunteers
Elbere, I., Kalniņa, I., Silamiķelis, I., Konrāde, I., Zaharenko, L., Sekace, K., Radoviča-Spalviņa, I., Frīdmanis, D., Gudrā, D., Pīrāgs, V., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204317 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
“Also, T2D therapy accompanying a specific diet with reduced amount of simple carbohydrates [51] may play a role in limiting the amount of substrate.”
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Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Current Strategies, Unfocussed Aspects, Challenges, and Alternatives
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“The beneficial effects of regular physical exercise in the management of diabetes include decreased weight gain, cholesterol levels, and blood triglycerides [36].”
BackgroundInfluentialNanoparticles-encapsulated polymeric microneedles for transdermal drug delivery
Chen, M., Quan, G., Sun, Y. H., Yang, D., Pan, X., & Wu, C. (2020) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.039 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Diabetes: What Challenges Lie Ahead for Vietnam?
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“Healthy food choices and eating patterns are essential for promoting good health and well-being and preventing a wide range of chronic diseases [1] such as type two diabetes [2], cardiovascular disease(CVD) [3], stroke [4]some cancers [5, 6] and obesity [7, 8].”
BackgroundNajafipour, F., Mobasseri, M., Yavari, A., Nadrian, H., Aliasgarzadeh, A., Mashinchi Abbasi, N., Niafar, M., Houshyar Gharamaleki, J., & Sadra, V. (2017) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000414 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“In particular, it diminishes the blood glucose levels, and plays an important role in the treatment of patients with diabetes.(11) It has also been found that beside diet control and medical treatment, regular exercise may improve glycemic control, reduce cardiovascular risk factors, play a role in weight loss and, co…”
BackgroundFood Additives, a Key Environmental Factor in the Development of IBD through Gut Dysbiosis
Raoul, P., Cintoni, M., Palombaro, M., Basso, L., Rinninella, E., Gasbarrini, A., & Mele, M. C. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10010167 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“Artificial sweeteners, also called non-nutritive sweeteners, are commonly found in many types of foods and beverages and are often recommended for bodyweight reduction for patients with type two diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance [71].”
BackgroundLycopene: A Potent Antioxidant for the Amelioration of Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Leh, H. E., & Lee, L. K. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27072335 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
A Personalized Recommendation System to Support Diabetes Self-Management for American Indians
Alian, S., Li, J., & Pandey, V. (2018) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2018.2882138 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“and American College of Endocrinology (AACE/ACE) [29], Nutritional Recommendations for Individuals with Diabetes [34] and the prevention and control of the type2 diabetes by changing lifestyle [35].”
BackgroundImpact of Lipids on Insulin Resistance: Insights from Human and Animal Studies
Elkanawati, R. Y., Sumiwi, S. A., & Levita, J. (2024) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s468147 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
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The Worrying Trend of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: An Urgent Call to Action.
Robert, A., & Dawish, M. A. (2020) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573399815666190531093735 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Glucose-Responsive Microneedle Patches for Diabetes Treatment
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Anti-diabetic actions of Berry polyphenols – Review on proposed mechanisms of action
Edirisinghe, I., & Burton‐Freeman, B. M. (2016) · Journal of Berry Research · doi:10.3233/jbr-160137 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“Over the past few decades, lifestyles changes characterized by increased energy intake and decreased physical activity have promoted overweight and obesity resulting in increased incidences of diabetes [6].”
Yang, T., Wang, A., Nie, D., Fan, W., Jiang, X., Yu, M., Guo, S., Zhu, C., Wei, G., & Gan, Y. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34357-8 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
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“On the other hand, weight loss could act directly in the reduction of incidences of many diseases, such as diabetes mellitus [45] and CVD [46].”
BackgroundTegegne, B. A., Adugna, A., Yenet, A., Yihunie Belay, W., Yibeltal, Y., Dagne, A., Hibstu Teffera, Z., Amare, G. A., Abebaw, D., Tewabe, H., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1440456 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Research indicates that exercise, with or without a notable reduction in body weight, can enhance glycemic management (a reduction of 0.66% in the HbA1C level) and enhance patients ’ overall quality of life (45, 47, 48).”
BackgroundInfluentialGaballah, H. H., Zakaria, S. S., Mwafy, S. E., Tahoon, N., & Ebeid, A. M. (2017) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.086 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial chronic metabolic disease with a remarkably increasing prevalence as a result of modern lifestyles, overconsumption of energy-dense foods and reduced physical activity [1].”
BackgroundRitu, Sharma, P., Gupta, G., & Asati, V. (2023) · Bioorganic chemistry (Print) · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106750 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
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“Diary treatments are a simple and economical way to deliver preventive benefits and enhance their quality of life for those living with type-2 diabetes [19].”
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“Recently it was shown that preventing some metabolic disorders associated with obesity, such as diabetes mellitus, was possible by diet and lifestyle modification [7, 8].”
BackgroundGinsenoside Rg3 ameliorated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis through downregulation of STAT5-PPARγ
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“Several studies support recommendations to reduce the intake of excess calories and to exercise more for better health (Kastorini & Panagiotakos 2009, Asif 2014, Zhao et al.”
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Quasi-experimental evaluation of a nationwide diabetes prevention programme
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“Health behaviours, particularly those related to nutrition and physical activity, play a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus 3 .”
BackgroundAsghari, G., Ghorbani, Z., Mirmiran, P., & Azizi, F. (2016) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2016.09.008 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“In general, an unhealthy lifestyle – with a combination f sedentarity and poor dietary habits, including high intakes f energy (calories), total and saturated fatty acids, red and rocessed meats as well as sugary foods, and a low consumpion of fibre, fruit and vegetables – is one of the best-known odifiable risk facto…”
BackgroundWang, Y., Yuan, Y., Zhang, Y., Lei, C., Zhou, Y., He, J., & Sun, Z. (2017) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-016-0944-z · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“In addition, blood glucose levels can be affected by exercise, diet, and illness, as well as storage conditions of blood samples [14, 15].”
BackgroundKim, E. Y., Oh, S., & Son, Y. (2020) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1177/1474515120915040 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Tacias-Pascacio, V. G., Castañeda‐Valbuena, D., Tavano, O. L., Berenguer‐Murcia, Á., Torrestiana‐Sanchez, B., & Fernández‐Lafuente, R. (2023) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127244 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
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Impact of legumes and plant proteins consumption on cognitive performances in the elderly
Mazza, E., Fava, A., Ferro, Y., Moraca, M., Rotundo, S., Colica, C., Provenzano, F., Terracciano, R., Greco, M., Foti, D., et al. (2017) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1209-5 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Legumes and vegetal oils could improve insulin sensitivity [40], which could, in turn, influence cognitive function.”
BackgroundEtsassala, N. G. E. R., Badmus, J. A., Marnewick, J. L., Egieyeh, S. A., Iwuoha, E. I., Nchu, F., & Hussein, A. A. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11020378 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Regrettably, there is currently no cure available for diabetes, but it can be managed by controlling blood sugar levels through a healthy diet, exercise, and medication, which can reduce the risk of long-term diabetes complications [7].”
BackgroundPardhan, S., Nakafero, G., Raman, R., & Sapkota, R. P. (2020) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2018.1455809 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Proper management of diabetes (including dietary modifications, regular physical exercise, and adherence to appropriate medication) is known to improve diabetic control and reduce diabetes complications and associated mortality (Asif 2014; Muliyil et al. 2017).”
BackgroundDalpati, N., Jena, S., Jain, S., & Sarangi, P. P. (2022) · Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100420 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“With current day lifestyle, incidences of diabetes, hypertension, and mental health-related diseases are increasing in young adults (Asif, 2014; Di Renzo et al., 2020; C. Zheng et al., 2020).”
Webster, C. C., Murphy, T., Larmuth, K., Noakes, T. D., & Smith, J. A. H. (2019) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s227090 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Many T2D nutritional recommendations state that patients should be supported in an individualized diet that suits their preferences and lifestyle 35,36 and it is especially important that patients on glucose-lowering medications are medically supervised when fi rst starting an LCHF diet due to the…”
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“pathogenesis of T1DM differs from that of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), where insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion by β-cells work synergistically [3, 4].”
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Nutritional systems biology of type 2 diabetes
Zhao, Y., Barrere‐Cain, R., & Yang, X. (2015) · Genes & Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s12263-015-0481-3 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Specifically, it is likely that not only the absolute quantities of macronutri-ents and micronutrients matter, but the ratios between nutrients are also critical (Asif 2014).”
Murugesan, R., Kumar, J. S., Leela, K. V., Meenakshi, S., Srivijayan, A., Thiruselvam, S., Satheesan, A., & Chaithanya, V. (2025) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114838 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
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“This disease, if untreated, can lead to serious problems including kidney failure, blindness, cardiovascular diseases, and nerve damage [3].”
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“The dietary treatment for T2DM mainly focuses on attaining ideal blood glucose levels, achieving optimal blood lipid levels, reducing the risk for diabetic complications, and maintaining healthy body weight through a balanced diet (Asif 2014).”
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Pardhan, S., Islam, M. S., López-Sánchez, G., Upadhyaya, T., & Sapkota, R. P. (2021) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-021-00734-4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Kiguli, J., Alvesson, H., Mayega, R., Kasujja, F. X., Muyingo, A., Kirunda, B., Ekirapa-Kiracho, E., Nalwadda, C. K., Naggayi, G., Peterson, S., et al. (2019) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.104409 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
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“Optimum glucose control requires a combination of diet, exercise, and medication [8].”
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“Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders resulting from defects in insulin secretion or insulin action.(1) Diabetes can lead to complications in various organs, especially the male reproductive system.”
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“Successful treatment of diabetes includes patient self-management such as lifestyle intervention [7,8].”
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- Authors
- Asif, M.
- Corresponding author
- Asif, Mohammad
- ORCID
- Asif, Mohammad
- Venue
- Journal of Education and Health Promotion
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-1
- ISSN
- 2277-9531 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3977406
- OpenAlex
- W2032777249
- Cited by
- 441
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Journal of Education and Health Promotion (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, diabetes prevention, lifestyle modification, dietary habits, healthy eating, physical activity, insulin resistance, modifiable risk factors, non-communicable diseases
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