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Cited by 209Nutritional Studies and DietFood composition and propertiesAgriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact

Type 2 diabetes and the vegetarian diet

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Jenkins, David JA, Kendall, Cyril WC, Marchie, Augustine, Jenkins, Alexandra L, Augustin, Livia SA, Ludwig, David S, Barnard, Neal D, Anderson, James W·2003·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/78.3.610s
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Abstract

Based on what is known of the components of plant-based diets and their effects from cohort studies, there is reason to believe that vegetarian diets would have advantages in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. At present there are few data on vegetarian diets in diabetes that do not in addition have weight loss or exercise components. Nevertheless, the use of whole-grain or traditionally processed cereals and legumes has been associated with improved glycemic control in both diabetic and insulin-resistant individuals. Long-term cohort studies have indicated that whole-grain consumption reduces the risk of both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In addition, nuts (eg, almonds), viscous fibers (eg, fibers from oats and barley), soy proteins, and plant sterols, which may be part of the vegetarian diet, reduce serum lipids. In combination, these plant food components may have a very significant impact on cardiovascular disease, one of the major complications of diabetes. Furthermore, substituting soy or other vegetable proteins for animal protein may also decrease renal hyperfiltration, proteinuria, and renal acid load and in the long term reduce the risk of developing renal disease in type 2 diabetes. The vegetarian diet, therefore, contains a portfolio of natural products and food forms of benefit for both the carbohydrate and lipid abnormalities in diabetes. It is anticipated that their combined use in vegetarian diets will produce very significant metabolic advantages for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications.

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  • These dietary factors could aid in weight loss/maintenance, enhance glycemic control and insulin regulation, improve lipid profile, reduce blood pressure, improve vascular health, decrease inflammation, and foster more favorable diet-gut microbiome interactions, thereby lowering CHD risk.

    “all of which could aid in weight loss/maintenance, enhance glycemic control and insulin regulation, improve lipid profile, reduce blood pressure, improve vascular health, decrease inflammation, and foster more favorable diet- gut microbiome interactions (e.g. through lowered levels of trimethylamine N-oxide), thereby lowering CHD risk.”

    From Healthful and Unhealthful Plant-Based Diets and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Adults (2017) · cites this paper as [24]

  • The mechanisms through which hPDI could reduce CHD risk are likely shared with the mechanisms for type 2 diabetes risk reduction.

    “The mechanisms through which hPDI could reduce CHD risk are likely shared with the mechanisms for type 2 diabetes risk reduction.(2, 24–32)”

    From Healthful and Unhealthful Plant-Based Diets and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Adults (2017) · cites this paper as [24]

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Authors
Jenkins, D. J., Kendall, C. W., Marchie, A., Jenkins, A. L., Augustin, L. S., Ludwig, D. S., Barnard, N. D., & Anderson, J. W.
Affiliations
Boston Children's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Jenkins, David JA
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-09
Volume
78
Issue
3
Pages
610S-616S
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/78.3.610s
OpenAlex
W1951935731
Cited by
209
References
102
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
FWCI
2.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
Keywords
type 2 diabetes, vegetarian diet, plant-based diet, whole grains, Fabaceae, nuts, soy protein, phytosterols, glycemic control, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, serum lipids, renal complications, proteinuria, renal hyperfiltration
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Edible Grain, Clinical Trials as Topic, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nuts, Phytosterols, Diet, Vegetarian, Soybean Proteins

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