American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the Evaluation and Treatment of Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism
Abstract
These clinical practice guidelines summarize the recommendations of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists for the diagnostic evaluation of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and for treatment strategies in patients with these disorders. The sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH or thyrotropin) assay has become the single best screening test for hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and in most outpatient clinical situations, the serum TSH is the most sensitive test for detecting mild thyroid hormone excess or deficiency. Therapeutic options for patients with Graves' disease include thyroidectomy (rarely used now in the United States), antithyroid drugs (frequently associated with relapses), and radioactive iodine (currently the treatment of choice). In clinical hypothyroidism, the standard treatment is levothyroxine replacement, which must be tailored to the individual patient. Awareness of subclinical thyroid disease, which often remains undiagnosed, is emphasized, as is a system of care that incorporates regular follow-up surveillance by one physician as well as education and involvement of the patient.
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The options of treatment with L-T3 or the combination of L-T4 and L-T3 have largely been abandoned.
“The options of treatment with L-T3 or the combination of L-T4 and L-T3 therefore have largely been abandoned [2,3] .”
From 2012 ETA Guidelines: The Use of L-T4 + L-T3 in the Treatment of Hypothyroidism (2012) · cites this paper as [3]
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- Authors
- Baskin, H. J., Cobin, R. H., Duick, D. S., Gharib, H., Guttler, R. B., Kaplan, M. M., Segal, R. L., Garber, J. R., Hamilton Jr, C. R., Handelsman, Y., Hellman, R., Kukora, J. S., Levy, P., Palumbo, P. J., Petak, S. M., Rettinger, H. I., Rodbard, H. W., Service, F. J., Shankar, T. P., Stoffer, S. S., & Tourtelot, J. B.
- Venue
- Endocrine Practice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-11
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 457-469
- ISSN
- 1530-891X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2136436053
- Cited by
- 673
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 63
- FWCI
- 9.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2008-09-01)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrine Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, Graves' disease, antithyroid drugs, radioiodine therapy, thyroidectomy, levothyroxine replacement, subclinical thyroid dysfunction, thyroid screening, follow-up monitoring, patient education
- MeSH terms
- Amiodarone, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Iodine Radioisotopes, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Antithyroid Agents, Thyroid Hormones, Thyroidectomy
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