Language and Superdiversity

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The Antwerp handwritten notice is written in two forms of Chinese: a mixture of the simplified script and the traditional script.

“the text is written in two forms of 'Chinese': a mixture of the simplified script, which is the norm in the People's Republic of China (PRC), and the traditional script widespread in Hong Kong, Taiwan and earlier generations of the Chinese diaspora.”

• cites Blommaert and Huang 2010Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The predictability of the category of 'migrant' and of his/her sociocultural features has disappeared.

“The predictability of the category of 'migrant' and of his/her sociocultural features has disappeared.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Super-diversity is characterized by a tremendous increase in the categories of migrants, including nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, motives, migration patterns and itineraries, and processes of insertion into host societies.

“Super-diversity is characterized by a tremendous increase in the categories of migrants, not only in terms of nationality, ethnicity, language, and religion, but also in terms of motives, patterns and itineraries of migration, processes of insertion into the labour and housing markets of the host societies, and so on (cf.2010).”

• cites cf.2010Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Over the past two decades, globalization has altered social, cultural and linguistic diversity in societies all over the world.

“There is a growing awareness that over the past two decades, globalization has altered the face of social, cultural and linguistic diversity in societies all over the world.”

• cites Vertovec (2007) sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

The mixed character of the Antwerp text suggests a process of transition, specifically that the producer, probably an older diaspora Chinese person, is learning the script of the PRC, with unfinished learning leading to script mixing.

“the mixed character of the text suggests a process of transition.More specifically, it suggests that the producer (probably an 'older' diaspora Chinese person) is learning the script of the PRC, the unfinished learning process leading to the mixing of the scripts.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The traditional vocabulary of linguistic analysis is no longer sufficient to grasp the insight into social transformation that communicative phenomena can offer.

“it is essential to approach them with an adequate toolkit, recognising that the traditional vocabulary of linguistic analysis is no longer sufficient.”

May combine two claims.

Migration movements from the 1990s onwards have coincided with the development of the Internet and mobile phones, and these have affected the cultural life of all kinds of diaspora communities.

“Historically, migration movements from the 1990s onwards have coincided with the development of the Internet and mobile phones, and these have affected the cultural life of of all kinds of diaspora communities (old and new, black and white, imperial, trade, labour etc. (cf. Cohen 1997)).”

• cites Cohen 1997Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The Antwerp text points towards two large-scale phenomena: a gradual change in the Chinese diaspora shifting predominance from traditional diaspora groups towards new émigrés from the PRC, and the articulation of such transition in small peripheral places such as inner-city Antwerp, not only in larger Chinatowns.

“this text points towards two very large-scale phenomena: (a) a gradual change in the Chinese diaspora, in which the balance of demographic, political and material predominance gradually shifts away from the traditional diaspora groups towards new émigrés from the PRC; (b) the fact that such a transition is articulated in 'small' and peripheral places in the Chinese diaspora, such as the inner city”

• cites Huang 2010Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Emigrants and dispersed communities now have the potential to retain an active connection to their home society by means of long-distance communication technologies, whereas emigration used to mean real separation.

“While emigration used to mean real separation between the émigré and his/her home society, involving the loss or dramatic reduction of social, cultural and political roles and impact there, emigrants and dispersed communities now have the potential to retain an active connection by means of an elaborate set of long-distance communication technologies.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Mobility, mixing, political dynamics and historical embedding are now central concerns rather than homogeneity, stability and boundedness.

“Rather than working with homogeneity, stability and boundedness as the starting assumptions, mobility, mixing, political dynamics and historical embedding are now central concerns.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The notions these revised ideas seek to displace continue with hegemonic force in public discourse, bureaucratic and educational policy and practice, everyday common sense, and some other areas of language study.

“the notions they seek to displace continue with such hegemonic force in public discourse, in bureaucratic and educational policy and practice, and in everyday common sense, as well as in some other areas of language study.”

May combine two claims.

Linguistic scholarship played a major role in the development of the European nation-state and in the expansion and organisation of empires.

“linguistic scholarship itself played a major role in the development of the European nation-state as well as in the expansion and organisation of empires (Anderson 1983, Blommaert 1999, Collins 1998, Errington 2008, Gal and Irvine 1995, Hymes 1980c, Makoni and Pennycook 2007, Pratt 1987, Robins 1979: Chs 6 & 7, Said 1978)”

• cites Anderson 1983Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Blommaert 1999Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Said 1978Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

In all likelihood, the producer of the Antwerp text is someone used to writing traditional script, while the addressee is probably from the PRC.

“In all likelihood, the producer is someone used to writing traditional script, while the addressee is probably from the PRC.”

May combine two claims.

The traditional idea of 'a language' is an ideological artefact with considerable power, operating as a major ingredient in modern governmentality, played out in many domains, and capable of serving as an object of passionate personal attachment.

“The traditional idea of 'a language', then, is an ideological artefact with very considerable power -operating as a major ingredient in the apparatus of modern governmentality -it is played out in a wide variety of domains (education, immigration, education, high and popular culture etc.), and it can serve as an object of passionate personal attachment.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Over several decades, there has been ongoing revision of fundamental ideas about languages, about language groups and speakers, and about communication.

“Over a period of several decades -and often emerging in response to issues pre dating super-diversity -there has been ongoing revision of fundamental ideas (a) about languages, (b) about language groups and speakers, and (c) about communication.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Migration makes communicative resources like language varieties and scripts globally mobile, and this affects neighbourhoods in very different corners of the world.

“Migration makes communicative resources like language varieties and scripts globally mobile, and this affects neighbourhoods in very different corners of the world.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The Antwerp text articulates two different styles or voices, that of the producer and that of the addressee(s), and the mixed script suggests their styles are not identical.

“The text articulates two different styles or voices, that of the producer and that of the addressee(s), and the mixed script suggests that their styles are not identical.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Super-diversity intensifies the relevance of these revised ideas about language and communication.

“Nevertheless, super-diversity intensifies the relevance of these ideas”

May combine two claims.

Speech itself is no longer treated as the output of a unitary speaker; individuals bring very different levels of personal commitment to the styles they speak, including in written uses of language.

“Indeed, speech itself is no longer treated as the output of a unitary speaker.Following Bakhtin's account of 'double-voicing' (Bakhtin 1981) and Goffman's 'production formats' (Goffman 1981), individuals are seen as bringing very different le vels of personal commitment to the styles they speak (often 'putting on' different voices in parody, play etc.), and of course this also applies to the writ”

• cites Bakhtin 1981Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Goffman 1981Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Even in situations of relative stability, contrast and counter-valorisation play an integral part in linguistic socialisation, and people develop strong feelings about styles and registers they can recognise but hardly reproduce.

“Even in situations of relative stability, contrast and counter-valorisation play an integral part in linguistic socialisation, and people develop strong feelings about styles and registers that they can recognise but hardly reproduce (if at all).”

• cites Irvine 2001Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Parkin 1977Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The linguistics of communicative practice puts situated action first, sees linguistic conventions/structures as just one semiotic resource among many, and treats meaning as an active process of here-and-now projection and inferencing.

“This approach puts situated action first.It sees linguistic conventions/structures as just one (albeit important) semiotic resource among a number that are available to participants in the process of local language production and interpretation, and it treats meaning as an active process of here-and-now projection and inferencing, ranging across all kinds of percept, sign and knowledge.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

Notions like 'native speaker', 'mother tongue' and 'ethnolinguistic group' have considerable ideological force and should feature as objects of analysis, but should have no place in the sociolinguistic toolkit itself.

“So although notions like 'native speaker', 'mother tongue' and 'ethnolinguistic group' have considerable ideological force (and as such should certainly feature as objects of analysis), they should have no place in the sociolinguistic toolkit itself.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Historically, much model-building in formal, descriptive and applied linguistics has prioritised 'native speakers of a language', treating early experience in families and stable speech communities as crucial to grammatical competence and coherent discourse.

“Historically, a good deal of the model-building in formal, descriptive and applied linguistics has prioritised the 'native speakers of a language', treating early experience of living in families and stable speech communities as crucial to grammatical competence and coherent discourse.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The denotational and propositional meanings of words and sentences lose their preeminence in linguistic study, and attention turns to indexicality, the connotational significance of signs.

“First, the denotational and propositional meanings of words and sentences lose their preeminence in linguistic study, and attention turns to indexicality, the connotational significance of signs.”

May combine two claims.

The overlap in interpretive frameworks emerges from social experience and prior exposure to circumambient discourses; if interpretations are almost automatic and unquestioned, this may be regarded as an achievement of hegemony.

“The overlap does not come from nowhere -it emerges from social experience and prior exposure to circumambient discourses, and if the interpretations are almost automatic and unquestioned, this may be regarded as an achievement of hegemony (as in e.g. common evaluations of different accents).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Sociolinguists have long contested the idealisation of native speakers, regarding it as impossible to reconcile with the facts of linguistic diversity, mixed language and multilingualism.

“But sociolinguists have long contested this idealisation, regarding it as impossible to reconcile with the facts of linguistic diversity, mixed language and multilingualism (Ferguson 1982, Leung, Harris, andRampton 1997).”

• cites Ferguson 1982Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Leung, Harris, and Rampton 1997 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

People apprehend meaning in gestures, postures, faces, bodies, movements, physical arrangements and the material environment; in different combinations these constitute contexts and shape how utterances are produced and understood.

“People apprehend meaning in gestures, postures, faces, bodies, movements, physical arrangements and the material environment.In different combinations, all of these constitute contexts, and shape the way in which utterances are produced and understood (Bezemer and Jewitt 2009, Goffman 1964, Goodwin 2000).”

• cites Bezemer and Jewitt 2009Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Goffman 1964 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Goodwin 2000 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Even when alone, people continuously read multi-modal signs to make sense of their circumstances, often drawing on interpretive frameworks with social origins of which they are largely unaware.

“even when they are alone, people are continuously reading multi-modal signs to make sense of their circumstances, as likely as not drawing on interpretive frameworks with social origins of which they are largely unaware (Leppänen et al. 2009).”

• cites Leppänen et al. 2009Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Linguistics has traditionally privileged the structure of language and treated language use as little more than a product/output generated by semantic, grammatical and phonological systems.

“Linguistics has traditionally privileged the structure of language, and treated language use as little more than a product/output generated by semantic, grammatical and phonological systems, which are themselves regarded either as mental structures or as sets of social conventions.”

May combine two claims.

Looking beyond literal and referential meaning and language alone increases sensitivity to a huge range of non-shared, asymmetrical interpretations, many of which are systematically patterned in relations of power.

“So if we look beyond literal and referential meaning and language on its own, we increase our sensitivity to a huge range of non-shared, asymmetrical interpretations, and in fact many of these are quite systematically patterned in relations of power.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

It is easy for a practice's novelty to the outside analyst to mislead him/her into thinking that it is a creative innovation for the local participants as well.

“It is easy for a practice's novelty to the outside analyst to mislead him/her into thinking that it is a creative innovation for the local participants as well (Becker 1995: 229, Sapir in Mandelbaum 1949: 504).”

• cites Becker 1995Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Sapir in Mandelbaum 1949Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

Once it is established that a practice is new or artful, it is often hard to know how much weight to attach to any particular case.

“And then once it has been established that the practice is new or artful in some sense or other, it is often hard to know how much weight to attach to any particular case (and not to make mountains out of molehills.See also 3.2 below.).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Metapragmatic reflexivity about language and semiotic practice is a major contemporary concern in sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology.

“This connects with another major contemporary concern in sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology -metapragmatic reflexivity about language and semiotic practice.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Non-national language forms are now widely stylised, starting in advertising but extending beyond nation-wide media to niche, commercial and non-profit media for various contemporary youthcultural communities.

“For example, non-national language forms are now widely stylised, starting in advertising but extending beyond nation-wide media to niche, commercial and non-profit media for various contemporary youthcultural communities”

• cites Androutsopoulos 2007 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Reflexivity is pervasive in all linguistic practice.

“it is now recognised that reflexivity is actually pervasive in all linguistic practice”

May combine two claims.

These appropriative practices are strikingly different from dominant institutional notions of multilingualism as the ordered deployment of different languages, and involve much more than alternation between the home vernacular and the national standard language.

“These appropriative practices are strikingly different from dominant institutional notions of multilingualism as the ordered deployment of different language, and they involve much more than just the alternation between the home vernacular and the national standard language.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Understanding the relationship between conventionality and innovation in these practices is difficult, and there are a variety of traps researchers have to navigate.

“Understanding the relationship between conventionality and innovation in these practices is difficult, and there are a variety of traps that researchers have to navigate (Rampton 2010).”

• cites Rampton 2010Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In enterprise culture and contemporary service industries, meta-pragmatic theories and technologies of discourse and talk are closely linked to regimes of power in 'communication skills training', 'customer care' and 'quality management'.

“In enterprise culture and contemporary service industries, meta-pragmatic theories and technologies of discourse and talk are closely linked to regimes of power in 'communication skills training', 'customer care' and 'quality management' (Cameron 2000).”

• cites Cameron 2000 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Practices of this kind are not new historically.

“Practices of this kind certainly are not new historically (Hill 1999: 544).”

• cites Hill 1999 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Meaning-making and interpretation are stages in the mobility of texts and utterances, and are actively oriented backwards and forwards to the paths through which texts and utterances travel.

“So meaning-making and interpretation are seen as stages in the mobility of texts and utterances, and as being themselves actively oriented -backwards and forwards -to the paths through which texts and utterances travel (Briggs 2005).”

• cites Briggs 2005Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Words are accompanied by a multi-modal barrage of other semiotic signs, and the interlocutor can interpret any of these in ways the speaker is unaware of.

“But these words are accompanied by a multi-modal barrage of other semiotic signs (accent, style of speaking, posture, dress etc.), and the interlocutor can also interpret any of these other elements in ways that the speaker is unaware of”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Linguistic diversity invariably introduces styles, registers and/or languages that people know only from the outside, attaching indexical value to them perhaps, but unable to grasp their intentionality, semantics and grammar.

“Linguistic diversity invariably introduces styles, registers and/or languages that people know only from the outside -attaching indexical value to them perhaps, but unable to grasp their 'intentionality', semantics and grammar 4”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

It can take close analysis to identify exactly how and where in an utterance an artful innovation emerges.

“It can take a good deal of close analysis to identify exactly how and where in an utterance an artful innovation emerges -in which aspects of its formal structure, its timing, its interpersonal direction, its indexical resonance etc., and in which combinations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

There has been exponential growth in scholarly attention to these mixed language practices over the last 15 years, the epoch of super-diversity.

“But there has been exponential growth in scholarly attention to these practices over the last 15 years,the epoch of super-diversity (cf.3.2.1).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

There are likely to be social, cultural and/or political stakes in these practices, as known from the principle of indexicality.

“And second, there are likely to be social, cultural and/or political stakes in this, as we know from the principle of indexicality (2.3.1).”

The quote only partly states this claim.

The management of ignorance itself becomes a substantive issue in communication under conditions of diversity.

“The management of ignorance itself becomes a substantive issue”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

It encourages a layered and multi-scalar conceptualisation of context.

“In other words, it encourages a layered and multi-scalar conceptualisation of context (Blommaert 2010b, Cicourel 1992).”

• cites Blommaert 2010bNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Cicourel 1992Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

We have reached the stage where individual and clusters of projects can and should now seek cumulative comparative generalisation.

“Third, in view of the volume of past and present research on diversity, we have reached the stage where individual and clusters of projects can and should now seek cumulative comparative generalisation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

For much of the time, most of the resources materialised in any communicative action are unnoticed and taken for granted, but it only takes a slight deviation from habitual and expected practice to send recipients into interpretive over-drive.

“For much of the time, most of the resources materialised in any communicative action are unnoticed and taken for granted, but it only takes a slight deviation from habitual and expected practice to send recipients into interpretive over-drive”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

There are at least two broad tracks for the study of language in super-diversity: one adds linguistic ethnography as a supplementary perspective, another takes language and communication as central topics.

“There are at least two broad tracks for the study of language in super-diversity, one which adds linguistic ethnography as a supplementary perspective to other kinds of study, and another that takes language and communication as central topics.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

These normative expectations and explanatory accounts circulate through social networks that range very considerably in scale, from intimate relationships and friendship groups to national education systems and global media.

“These normative expectations and explanatory accounts circulate through social networks that range very considerably in scale, from intimate relationships and friendship groups to national education systems and global media”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Some forms of communication are highly valued and rewarded while others get stigmatized or ignored.

“some forms of communication are highly valued and rewarded while others get stigmatized or ignored”

• cites Hymes 1980cNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Hymes 1996Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Expertise and access to influential and prestigious styles, genres and media is unevenly distributed across any population.

“expertise and access to influential and prestigious styles, genres and media is unevenly distributed across any population”

• cites Hymes 1980cNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Hymes 1996Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

If the social world is produced in ordinary activity, and if social realities get produced, ratified, resisted and reworked in everyday interaction, then the tools of linguistic, semiotic and discourse analysis can help us understand a great deal more than communication alone.

“If the social world is produced in ordinary activity, and if social realities get produced, ratified, resisted and reworked in everyday interaction, then the tools of linguistic, semiotic and discourse analysis can help us understand a great deal more than communication alone.”

May combine two claims.

A close look at everyday communicative practices can show that people often do manage to bring quite a high degree of intelligible order to their circumstances, that they are not as fractured or troubled by particular identifications as initially supposed, and that they can be actually rather adept at navigating 'super-diversity' or 'ethnicities without guarantees'.

“A close look at these can show that people often do manage to bring quite a high degree of intelligible order to their circumstances, that they are not as fractured or troubled by particular identifications as initially supposed, and that they can be actually rather adept at navigating 'super-diversity' or 'ethnicities without guarantees'”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The CEFR assumes bounded languages that can be divided clearly, with identifiable levels of acquisition and proficiency.

“The CEFR assumes bounded languages that can be divided clearly, with identifiable levels of acquisition and proficiency.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Multi-sited comparison across scales, mediating channels/agencies and institutional settings is likely to be indispensible in any account concerned with ideology, language and everyday life.

“Multi-sited comparison across scales, mediating channels/agencies and institutional settings is likely to be indispensible in any account concerned with ideology, language and everyday life.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Linguistics has contributed to the formation of nation-states.

“as well as contributing to the formation of nation-states (cf.2.1)”

• cites 2.1Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Meaning takes shape within specific places, activities, social relations, interactional histories, textual trajectories, institutional regimes and cultural ideologies, produced and construed by embodied agents with expectations and repertoires that have to be grasped ethnographically.

“Meaning takes shape within specific places, activities, social relations, interactional histories, textual trajectories, institutional regimes and cultural ideologies, produced and construed by embodied agents with expectations and repertoires that have to be grasped ethnographically”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Poststructuralist ideas have been working their way through applied linguistics.

“Poststructuralist ideas have also been working their way through applied linguistics”

• cites Leung, Harris, and Rampton 1997 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Pennycook 2001 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Pennycook 2010Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The contexts in which people communicate are partly local and emergent, continuously readjusted to contingencies of action, but also infused with information, resources, expectations and experiences that originate in, circulate through, and/or are destined for networks and processes that can be very different in their reach and duration.

“The contexts in which people communicate are partly local and emergent, continuously readjusted to the contingencies of action unfolding from one moment to the next, but they are also infused with information, resources, expectations and experiences that originate in, circulate through, and/or are destined for networks and processes that can be very different in their reach and duration”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

There is very little work on inter-generational language socialisation within families.

“But there is very little work on inter-generational language socialisation within families”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

The total linguistic fact, the datum for a science of language, is irreducibly dialectic in nature; it is an unstable mutual interaction of meaningful sign forms, contextualised to situations of interested human use and mediated by the fact of cultural ideology.

“the total linguistic fact, the datum for a science of language is irreducibly dialectic in nature.It is an unstable mutual interaction of meaningful sign forms, contextualised to situations of interested human use and mediated by the fact of cultural ideology”

• cites Silverstein 1985: 220Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Linguistics has its origins in the practical encounter with diversity and difference.

“Linguistics has its very origins in the practical encounter with diversity and difference (cf.Bolinger 1975: 506ff)”

• cites Bolinger 1975: 506ffNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

Ideologies are viewed as complexes that operate in different shapes and with different modes of articulation at a variety of levels on a range of objects.

“Rather than being treated only as sets of explicitly articulated statements (as in much policy and interview discourse analysis), ideologies are viewed as complexes that operate in different shapes and with different modes of articulation at a variety of levels on a range of objects.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

There has been ongoing argument and change in the guiding models of communication in applied linguistics.

“Here, too, there has been ongoing argument and change in the guiding models of communication (Seidlhofer 2003, Trappes-Lomax 2000, Widdowson 1984: 7-36)”

• cites Seidlhofer 2003Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Trappes-Lomax 2000Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Widdowson 1984: 7-36Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Messages, texts, genres, styles and languages vary conspicuously in their potential for circulation, and this variation is itself a major source of stratification.

“After all, messages, texts, genres, styles and languages vary conspicuously in their potential for circulation -this is itself a major source of stratification”

May combine two claims.

While a dissident political activist used to forfeit much of his/her involvement by emigrating, such activists can today remain influential and effective in their dissident movements back home.

“Thus, while a dissident political activist used to forfeit much of his/her involvement by emigrating, such activists can today remain influential and effective in their dissident movements back home (cf.Appadurai 2006 on 'cellular activism').”

• cites Appadurai 2006Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

It can sometimes become the focus of attention and dispute, as people differ in their normative sense of what should relay where.

“and it can sometimes become the focus of attention and dispute, as people differ in their normative sense of what should relay where.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

There is a substantial body of work to connect with when the programme of perspectives, methods and topics sketched in this paper is called to justify itself in terms of relevance and impact beyond the academy.

“So when the programme of perspectives, methods and topics sketched in this paper is called to justify itself in terms of relevance and impact beyond the academy -as is increasingly common for university research -there is a substantial body of work to connect with.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: There is a very large and long tradition of interventionist work in applied linguistics focusing on a very full range of issues in institutional language policy and practice.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The socio-political context is often characterized by deep and vigorous disagreements about policy and practice for language and literacy in education, politics, commerce etc.
• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The programme of perspectives, methods and topics sketched in this paper is called to justify itself in terms of relevance and impact beyond the academy, as is increasingly common for university research.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

There is now growing discussion of whether and how contemporary developments in language, ethnicity and culture require new forms of intervention.

“there is now growing discussion of whether and how contemporary developments in language, ethnicity and culture require new forms of intervention (Leung, Harris, and Rampton 1997, Pennycook 2001, Pennycook 2010, Rampton 2000)”

• cites Leung, Harris, and Rampton 1997 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Pennycook 2001 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Pennycook 2010Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In the UK at least, linguistic ethnography has close family links with applied linguistics.

“In the UK at least, linguistic ethnography has close family links with applied linguistics(Rampton 2007: 586-90).”

• cites Rampton 2007: 586-90Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Hymes describes ethnography's practical relevance in a way that now resonates quite widely with experience in linguistic ethnography.

“Hymes describes ethnography's practical relevance in a way that now resonates quite widely with experience in linguistic ethnography:”

• cites Hymes 1980bNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Hymes (1980b) provides the fundamental orientation for this environment.

“But perhaps Hymes (1980b) provides the fundamental orientation for this environment (also Blommaert 2010a).”

• cites Hymes 1980bNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Blommaert 2010aNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Most of the extrinsic resources flowing into the nexus of communication may be taken for granted, tacitly structuring the actions that participants opt for, but metapragmatic reflexivity means that participants also often orient to the 'multi-scalar' and 'transpositional' implications of what is happening.

“Most of the extrinsic resources flowing into the nexus of communication may be taken for granted, tacitly structuring the actions that participants opt for, but metapragmatic reflexivity (2.3.4) means that participants also often orient to the 'multi-scalar' and 'transpositional' implications of what is happening.”

• cites 2.3.4Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

This complicates notions of 'authorship' and is directly relevant to discussions on the 'authenticity' and the 'originality' of texts.

“This obviously complicates notions of 'authorship' and it is directly relevant to discussions on the 'authenticity' and the 'originality' of texts (as in 'the original version of X').”