Cited by 3,413Team Dynamics and PerformanceGender Diversity and InequalitySocial and Intergroup Psychology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Searching for Common Threads: Understanding the Multiple Effects of Diversity in Organizational Groups

Milliken, Frances J., Martins, Luis L.·1996·The Academy of Management Review

DOI 10.5465/amr.1996.9605060217

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Frances J. Milliken, Luis L. Martins, Searching for Common Threads: Understanding the Multiple Effects of Diversity in Organizational Groups, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Apr., 1996), pp. 402-433

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2307/258667

Cites

59 of 59 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Research in Organizational Behavior.
Grimes, A. J., Cummings, L. L., & Staw, B. M. (1986) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392975 · Cited by 10,899
Research in Organizational Behavior
Hammer, E. R., Cummings, L. L., & Staw, B. M. (1984) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258300 · Cited by 10,806
Untitled work
(1969) · Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa) · Cited by 10,735
Men and Women of the Corporation.
Strauss, G., & Kanter, R. M. (1978) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.2307/2522922 · Cited by 7,292
Organization and environment
Lawrence, P. R., & Lorsch, J. W. (1967) · Cited by 5,206
THE PEOPLE MAKE THE PLACE
SCHNEIDER, B. (1987) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1987.tb00609.x · Cited by 4,473
Journal of Applied Psychology
Food, M.-D. (2011) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781849807630.00020 · Cited by 3,154
International dimensions of organizational behavior
Adler, N. J. (1986) · The International Executive · doi:10.1002/tie.5060280112 · Cited by 3,135
Top management and innovations in banking: Does the composition of the top team make a difference?
Bantel, K. A., & Jackson, S. E. (1989) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250100709 · Cited by 2,996
KEEPING AN EYE ON THE MIRROR: IMAGE AND IDENTITY IN ORGANIZATIONAL ADAPTATION.
Dutton, J. E., & Dukerich, J. M. (1991) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256405 · Cited by 2,931
TOP MANAGEMENT TEAM DEMOGRAPHY AND CORPORATE STRATEGIC CHANGE.
Wiersema, M. F., & BANTEL, K. A. (1992) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256474 · Cited by 2,929
Interpretive Barriers to Successful Product Innovation in Large Firms
Dougherty, D. (1992) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.3.2.179 · Cited by 2,744
EFFECTS OF RACE ON ORGANIZATIONAL EXPERIENCE, JOB PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS, AND CAREER OUTCOMES.
Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S., & Wormley, W. M. (1990) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256352 · Cited by 2,735
Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1960.
F., R. (1961) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2282384 · Cited by 2,627
Being Different: Relational Demography and Organizational Attachment
Tsui, A. S., Egan, T. D., & O’Reilly, C. A. (1992) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393472 · Cited by 2,468
Demography and Design: Predictors of New Product Team Performance
Ancona, D., & Caldwell, D. (1992) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.3.3.321 · Cited by 1,983
CULTURAL DIVERSITY'S IMPACT ON INTERACTION PROCESS AND PERFORMANCE: COMPARING HOMOGENEOUS AND DIVERSE TASK GROUPS.
Watson, W. E., Kumar, K., & Michaelsen, L. K. (1993) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/256593 · Cited by 1,902
BEYOND SIMPLE DEMOGRAPHIC EFFECTS: THE IMPORTANCE OF RELATIONAL DEMOGRAPHY IN SUPERIOR-SUBORDINATE DYADS.
Tsui, A. S., & O'Reilly, C. A. (1989) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256368 · Cited by 1,746
Work Group Demography, Social Integration, and Turnover
O’Reilly, C. A., Caldwell, D. F., & Barnett, W. P. (1989) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392984 · Cited by 1,667
Top Management Team Demography and Process: The Role of Social Integration and Communication
Smith, K. G., Smith, K. A., Olian, J. D., Sims, H. P., O'Bannon, D. P., & Scully, J. A. (1994) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393297 · Cited by 1,432
The effects of board size and diversity on strategic change
Goodstein, J., Gautam, K., & Boeker, W. (1994) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250150305 · Cited by 1,258
Differential contributions of majority and minority influence.
Nemeth, C. J. (1986) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.93.1.23 · Cited by 1,254
Effects of Ethnic Group Cultural Differences on Cooperative and Competitive Behavior On a Group Task
Cox, T. H., Lobel, S. A., & McLeod, P. L. (1991) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/256391 · Cited by 1,247
Team Effectiveness and Decision Making in Organizations
Guzzo, R. A., & Salas, E. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,238
Homophily in Voluntary Organizations: Status Distance and the Composition of Face-to-Face Groups
McPherson, J. M., & Smith-Lovin, L. (1987) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095356 · Cited by 1,203
ORGANIZATIONAL DEMOGRAPHY: THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF AGE AND TENURE DISTRIBUTIONS ON TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION.
Zenger, T. R., & Lawrence, B. S. (1989) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256366 · Cited by 1,051
Men and Women of the Corporation.
Dubeck, P. J., & Kanter, R. M. (1978) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2577661 · Cited by 1,015
Some differences make a difference: Individual dissimilarity and group heterogeneity as correlates of recruitment, promotions, and turnover.
Jackson, S. E., Brett, J. F., Sessa, V. I., & Cooper, D. M. (1991) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-9010.76.5.675 · Cited by 937
Social Loafing and Collectivism: A Comparison of the United States and the People's Republic of China
Earley, P. C. (1989) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393567 · Cited by 900
A work values approach to corporate culture: A field test of the value congruence process and its relationship to individual outcomes.
Meglino, B. M., Ravlin, E. C., & Adkins, C. L. (1989) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-9010.74.3.424 · Cited by 784
Organizational Demography and Turnover in Top-Management Group
Wagner, W. G., Pfeffer, J., & O'Reilly, C. A. (1984) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393081 · Cited by 760
Top management group heterogeneity and firm performance
Murray, A. I. (1989) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250100710 · Cited by 648
Quality and acceptance of problem solutions by members of homogeneous and heterogeneous groups.
Hoffman, L. R., & Maier, N. R. F. (1961) · The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0044025 · Cited by 639
The Effects of Organizational Demographics and Social Identity on Relationships among Professional Women
Ely, R. J. (1994) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393234 · Cited by 631
Organization and Environment
Bonis, J. (1972) · International Studies of Management & Organization · doi:10.1080/00208825.1972.11656126 · Cited by 614
Advances in Strategic Management
(2010) · Advances in strategic management · doi:10.1108/s0742-3322(2010)0000027019 · Cited by 581
Board of director involvement in restructuring: The effects of board versus managerial controls and characteristics
Johnson, R. A., Hoskisson, R. E., & Hitt, M. A. (1993) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250140905 · Cited by 558
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION DECISIONS.
Judge, T. A., & Ferris, G. R. (1993) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256513 · Cited by 553
Experimental Social Psychology
(1972) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10904-x · Cited by 508
Understanding Our Differences: Performance in Decision-Making Groups with Diverse Members
Maznevski, M. L. (1994) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872679404700504 · Cited by 488
Power Distance, Individualism/Collectivism, and Job-Related Attitudes in a Culturally Diverse Work Group
Bochner, S., & Hesketh, B. (1994) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022194252005 · Cited by 480
Top management team turnover as an adaptation mechanism: The role of the environment
Wiersema, M. F., & Bantel, K. A. (1993) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250140702 · Cited by 437
EFFECTS OF BOARD DEMOGRAPHY AND DIRECTORS' INCENTIVES ON CORPORATE GREENMAIL DECISIONS.
Kosnik, R. D. (1990) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256355 · Cited by 435
ORGANIZATIONAL DEMOGRAPHY IN JAPANESE FIRMS: GROUP HETEROGENEITY, INDIVIDUAL DISSIMILARITY, AND TOP MANAGEMENT TEAM TURNOVER.
Wiersema, M. F., & Bird, A. W. (1993) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256643 · Cited by 403
Academy of Management best paper proceedings
de Vliert, E. V., Giebels, E., & Janssen, O. (1997) · The Academy of Management · Cited by 333
Organizational Change and Redesign: Ideas and Insights for Improving Performance.
Stevenson, W. B., Huber, G. P., & Glick, W. H. (1994) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393782 · Cited by 310
The New Leaders: Guidelines on Leadership Diversity in America
Joseph, A. M., & Morrison, A. M. (1993) · Public Productivity & Management Review · doi:10.2307/3381052 · Cited by 302
Tokenism in performance evaluation: The effects of work group representation on male-female and White-Black differences in performance ratings.
Sackett, P. R., DuBois, C. L., & Noe, A. W. (1991) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.76.2.263 · Cited by 284
THE EFFECTS OF ETHNIC DIVERSITY ON IDEA GENERATION IN SMALL GROUPS.
Lauretta McLeod, P., & Lobel, S. A. (1992) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.1992.17515639 · Cited by 266
Examination of race and sex effects on performance ratings.
Pulakos, E. D., White, L. A., Oppler, S. H., & Borman, W. C. (1989) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-9010.74.5.770 · Cited by 211
Beyond Task and Maintenance: Defining External Functions in Groups
Ancona, D. G., & Caldwell, D. F. (2018) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 211
Beyond Task and Maintenance
Ancona, D. G., & Caldwell, D. F. (1988) · Group & Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/105960118801300405 · Cited by 190
Rater-ratee race effects on performance evaluation: Challenging meta-analytic conclusions.
Sackett, P. R., & DuBois, C. L. Z. (1991) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.76.6.873 · Cited by 132
Race effects in performance evaluations: Controlling for ability, education, and experience.
Waldman, D., & Avolio, B. (1991) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.76.6.897 · Cited by 106
Webster's dictionary of the English language
Goodrich, C. A., Porter, N., & Mahn, C. A. F. (1876) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 98
TOP MANAGEMENT TEAM CONSENSUS, HETEROGENEITY, AND DEBATE AS CONTINGENT PREDICTORS OF COMPANY PERFORMANCE: THE COMPLIMENTARITY OF GROUP STRUCTURE AND PROCESS.
Simons, T. L. (1995) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.1995.17536282 · Cited by 61
RACE AS A FACTOR IN JOB PLACEMENT: SERENDIPITOUS FINDINGS OF “ETHNIC DRIFT”
Lefkowitz, J. M. (1994) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1994.tb01734.x · Cited by 46
Job Satisfaction Among Ethnic Minorities in The Netherlands
Verkuyten, M., de Jong, W., & Masson, C. N. (1993) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1993.tb00730.x · Cited by 41
RATER-RATEE RACE EFFECTS IN PERFORMANCE RATINGS OF MANAGERS.
Mount, M. K., Hazucha, J. F., Holt, K. E., & Sytsma, M. R. (1995) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.1995.17536385 · Cited by 5

CONSEQUENCES OF INDIVIDUALS' FIT AT WORK: A META‐ANALYSIS OF PERSON–JOB, PERSON–ORGANIZATION, PERSON–GROUP, AND PERSON–SUPERVISOR FIT
KRISTOF‐BROWN, A. L., ZIMMERMAN, R. D., & JOHNSON, E. C. (2005) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00672.x · Cited by 4,082
Exploratory Innovation, Exploitative Innovation, and Performance: Effects of Organizational Antecedents and Environmental Moderators
Jansen, J. J. P., Van Den Bosch, F. A. J., & Volberda, H. W. (2006) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1060.0576 · Cited by 3,705
Exploring the Black Box: An Analysis of Work Group Diversity, Conflict and Performance
Pelled, L. H., Eisenhardt, K. M., & Xin, K. R. (1999) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2667029 · Cited by 2,971
Untitled work
(2000) · Cited by 2,531
TOP MANAGEMENT TEAM DEMOGRAPHY AND CORPORATE STRATEGIC CHANGE.
Wiersema, M. F., & BANTEL, K. A. (1992) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256474 · Cited by 2,929

See all 3,413

Authors: Milliken, F. J., & Martins, L. L.
Affiliations: New York University (US)
ORCID: Martins, Luis L.
Venue: The Academy of Management Review
Publisher: Academy of Management
Published: 1996-04
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Pages: 402
ISSN: 0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.5465/amr.1996.9605060217
OpenAlex: W2140454616
Cited by: 3,413
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 82 · 2025: 113 · 2024: 138 · 2023: 152 · 2022: 151 · 2021: 154 · 2020: 151 · 2019: 145 · 2018: 157 · 2017: 180 · 2016: 165 · 2015: 159 · 2014: 153 · 2013: 173 · 2012: 179
FWCI: 37.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Academy of Management Review (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Diversity and Inequality
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords: diversity, organizational groups, group performance, group cohesion, group decision making

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.

Searching for Common Threads: Understanding the Multiple Effects of Diversity in Organizational Groups

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Metadata

Record

About these checks

Data sources