An integrative model of organizational trust: past, present, and future
Abstract
A considerable amount of research has examined trust since our 1995 publication. We revisit some of the critical issues that we addressed and provide clarifications and extensions of the topics of levels of analysis, time, control systems, reciprocity, and measurement. We also recognize recent research in new areas of trust, such as affect, emotion, violation and repair, distrust, international and cross-cultural issues, and context-specific models, and we identify promising avenues for future research.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Disposition to trust mediates the relationship between personal characteristics such as national culture and trusting behavior.
“Some researchers suggest that disposition to trust, as a trust antecedent, mediates the relationship between personal characteristics, such as national culture and trusting behavior (Schoorman et al., 2007).”
From How Culture and Trustworthiness Interact in Different E-Commerce Contexts: A Comparative Analysis of Consumers' Intention to Purchase on Platforms of Different Origins (2021) · cites this paper as Schoorman et al., 2007
Cites
What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications
Cortina, J. M. (1993) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98 · Cited by 8,810 · see citing works
Affect and Cognition Based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations
McAllister, D. J. (1995) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256727 · Cited by 7,346 · see citing works
Feeling and Believing: The Influence of Emotion on Trust.
Dunn, J. R., & Schweitzer, M. E. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.5.736 · Cited by 1,301 · see citing works
Trust and Distrust Definitions: One Bite at a Time
Harrison McKnight, D., & Chervany, N. L. (2001) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/3-540-45547-7_3 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Human trust in artificial intelligence: Review of empirical research
Glikson, E., & Woolley, A. W. (2020) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2018.0057 · Cited by 2,921 · see citing works
Trust in AI and Its Role in the Acceptance of AI Technologies
Choung, H., David, P., & Ross, A. (2023) · International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2022.2050543 · Cited by 963 · see citing works
“In interpersonal relationships, this corresponds to the consistency of behaviors associated with adherence to a set of norms (Mayer et al., 1995).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialEntrustment Decision Making in Clinical Training
ten Cate, O., Hart, D., Ankel, F., Busari, J., Englander, R., Glasgow, N., Holmboe, E., Iobst, W., Lovell, E., Snell, L. S., et al. (2016) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000001044 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Introduction matters: Manipulating trust in automation and reliance in automated driving
Körber, M., Baseler, E., & Bengler, K. (2018) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2017.07.006 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Breuer, C., Hüffmeier, J., & Hertel, G. (2016) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000113 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Consumer acceptance of internet banking: The influence of internet trust
Grabner‐Kräuter, S., & Faullant, R. (2008) · International Journal of Bank Marketing · doi:10.1108/02652320810913855 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
National culture and consumer trust in e-commerce
Hallikainen, H., & Laukkanen, T. (2018) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.07.002 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Chong, L., Zhang, G., Goucher-Lambert, K., Kotovsky, K., & Cagan, J. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.107018 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Modeling corporate citizenship, organizational trust, and work engagement based on attachment theory
Lin, C.-P. (2010) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-009-0279-6 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Trust and distrust on the web: User experiences and website characteristics
Seckler, M., Heinz, S., Forde, S., Tuch, A. N., & Opwis, K. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.064 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Michaelis, B., Stegmaier, R., & Sonntag, K. (2009) · Journal of Change Management · doi:10.1080/14697010903360608 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Keding, C., & Meissner, P. (2021) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120970 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Trust and Leader—Member Exchange: A Closer Look at Relational Vulnerability
Scandura, T. A., & Pellegrini, E. K. (2008) · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies · doi:10.1177/1548051808320986 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Identifying relevant segments of AI applications adopters – Expanding the UTAUT2’s variables
Cabrera-Sánchez, J.-P., Villarejo-Ramos, Á. F., Liébana-Cabanillas, F., & Shaikh, A. A. (2021) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2020.101529 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Assessing AI adoption in developing country academia: A trust and privacy-augmented UTAUT framework
Rana, M. M., Siddiqee, M. S., Sakib, M. N., & Ahamed, M. R. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37569 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The Role of Customer Affection and Trust in Loyalty Rebuilding after Service Failure and Recovery
La, S., & Choi, B. (2012) · The Service Industries Journal · doi:10.1080/02642069.2011.529438 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
The Consequences of Participating in the Sharing Economy: A Transparency-Based Sharing Framework
C. Köbis, N., Soraperra, I., & Shalvi, S. (2021) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206320967740 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
A comprehensive view of trust in education: Conclusions from a systematic literature review
Niedlich, S., Kallfaß, A., Pohle, S., & Bormann, I. (2021) · Review of Education · doi:10.1002/rev3.3239 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Chica, M., Chiong, R., Kirley, M., & Ishibuchi, H. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation · doi:10.1109/tevc.2017.2769081 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Effects of Uncertainty and Cognitive Load on User Trust in Predictive Decision Making
Zhou, J., Arshad, S. Z., Luo, S., & Chen, F. (2017) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68059-0_2 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Murtaza, Z., Sharma, I., & Carbonell, P. (2024) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123806 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Cheng, Y., & Chen, Z. F. (2021) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-04-2020-0130 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
McGrath, M. J., Duenser, A., Lacey, J., & Paris, C. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans · doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100200 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
When Do People Trust Their Social Groups?
Ma, X., Cheng, J., Iyer, S., & Naaman, M. (2019) · Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3290605.3300297 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Saffarizadeh, K., University of Texas at Arlington, Keil, M., Georgia State University, Boodraj, M., Boise State University, Alashoor, T., & University of Navarra (2024) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00839 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
What Do We Mean When We Talk about Trust in Social Media? A Systematic Review
Zhang, Y., Gaggiano, J. D., Yongsatianchot, N., Suhaimi, N. M., Kim, M., Sun, Y., Griffin, J., & Parker, A. G. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3581019 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Tikhomirova, A., Huang, J., Chuanmin, S., Khayyam, M., Ali, H., & Khramchenko, D. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.746467 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Some researchers suggest that disposition to trust, as a trust antecedent, mediates the relationship between personal characteristics, such as national culture and trusting behavior (Schoorman et al., 2007).”
BackgroundRepairing Integrity-Based Trust Violations in Ascription Disputes for Potential E-Commerce Customers
Deng, H., Wang, W., & Lim, K. H. (2022) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2022/15679 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schoorman, F. D., Mayer, R. C., & Davis, J. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Akron (US)
- University of Notre Dame (US)
- Venue
- Academy of Management Review
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 344-354
- ISSN
- 0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-3807
- OpenAlex
- W2148215741
- Cited by
- 2,794
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 115 · 2025: 154 · 2024: 163 · 2023: 172 · 2022: 191 · 2021: 192 · 2020: 177 · 2019: 157 · 2018: 157 · 2017: 184 · 2016: 158 · 2015: 167 · 2014: 176 · 2013: 141 · 2012: 123
- FWCI
- 141.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Customer Service Quality and Loyalty
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Keywords
- organizational trust, levels of analysis, time, control systems, reciprocity, trust measurement, affect and emotion, distrust
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review