Examining chatbot usage intention in a service encounter: Role of task complexity, communication style, and brand personality
Open accessAbstract
This study investigates the role of chatbot communication style (task vs. social oriented), task complexity (high vs. low), brand personality (sophisticated vs. sincere), and anthropomorphism on consumer trust and chatbot usage intention. Data is collected through three experiments conducted among US respondents ( N = 328, 200, and 336). The results offer mixed insights as only one experiment supports that task complexity moderates the effect of communication style on trust, such that, task-oriented communication style of the chatbot leads to higher trust under high task complexity conditions. No significant differences in the moderating effect of task complexity on the relationship between communication style and trust is observed between sincere and sophisticated brands. Consistent across the three studies, it is observed that perceived anthropomorphism mediates the effect of communication style on trust which, in turn, affects intention to use the chatbot. The study contributes to literature on AI-enabled conversational agents, human computer interaction , anthropomorphism, and trust. Practically, the study offers insights for managers and service providers who wish to integrate chatbots and other AI enabled technology to enhance service delivery by providing efficient, cost-effective, and consistent support.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The stronger the sense of social presence, the more likely consumers are to associate social attributes with the chatbot.
“The stronger this sense of social presence, the more likely consumers are to associate social attributes with the chatbot (Murtaza et al. 2024).”
From Consumer Response to Anthropomorphism of Text‐Based <scp>AI</scp> Chatbots: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Directions (2025) · cites this paper as Murtaza et al. 2024
Cites
Dimensions of Brand Personality
Aaker, J. L. (1997) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151897 · Cited by 7,380 · see citing works
On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism
Epley, N., Waytz, A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2007) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.114.4.864 · Cited by 4,069 · see citing works
Machines and Mindlessness: Social Responses to Computers
Nass, C., & Moon, Y. (2000) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00153 · Cited by 4,022 · see citing works
TRUST AND DISTRUST IN ORGANIZATIONS: Emerging Perspectives, Enduring Questions
Kramer, R. M. (1999) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.569 · Cited by 3,265 · see citing works
Algorithm aversion: People erroneously avoid algorithms after seeing them err.
Dietvorst, B. J., Simmons, J. P., & Massey, C. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000033 · Cited by 3,232 · see citing works
Kaplan, A., & Haenlein, M. (2019) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.004 · Cited by 3,140 · see citing works
Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321 · Cited by 2,994 · see citing works
Human trust in artificial intelligence: Review of empirical research
Glikson, E., & Woolley, A. W. (2020) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2018.0057 · Cited by 2,921 · see citing works
Communication and Trust in Global Virtual Teams
Jarvenpaa, S. L., & Leidner, D. E. (1999) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.10.6.791 · Cited by 2,903 · see citing works
An integrative model of organizational trust: past, present, and future
Schoorman, F. D., Mayer, R. C., & Davis, J. H. (2007) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2007.24348410 · Cited by 2,794 · see citing works
Kim, A. J., & Ko, E. (2011) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.10.014 · Cited by 2,453 · see citing works
Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research
Hill, R. J., Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1977) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2065853 · Cited by 2,379 · see citing works
Brave new world: service robots in the frontline
Wirtz, J., Patterson, P. G., Kunz, W. H., Gruber, T., Lu, V. N., Paluch, S., & Martins, A. (2018) · Journal of Service Management · doi:10.1108/josm-04-2018-0119 · Cited by 2,315 · see citing works
Consumer Choice between Hedonic and Utilitarian Goods
Dhar, R., & Wertenbroch, K. (2000) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmkr.37.1.60.18718 · Cited by 2,239 · see citing works
Algorithm appreciation: People prefer algorithmic to human judgment
Logg, J. M., Minson, J. A., & Moore, D. A. (2019) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.12.005 · Cited by 2,061 · see citing works
A Meta-Analysis of Factors Affecting Trust in Human-Robot Interaction
Hancock, P. A., Billings, D. R., Schaefer, K. E., Chen, J. Y. C., de Visser, E. J., & Parasuraman, R. (2011) · Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720811417254 · Cited by 2,051 · see citing works
Kreijns, K., Kirschner, P. A., & Jochems, W. M. G. (2003) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0747-5632(02)00057-2 · Cited by 1,633 · see citing works
Aaker, J. L., Fournier, S. M., & Brasel, S. A. (2004) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/383419 · Cited by 1,553 · see citing works
Anthropomorphism and the social robot
Duffy, B. R. (2003) · Robotics and Autonomous Systems · doi:10.1016/s0921-8890(02)00374-3 · Cited by 1,447 · see citing works
The mind in the machine: Anthropomorphism increases trust in an autonomous vehicle
Waytz, A., Heafner, J., & Epley, N. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2014.01.005 · Cited by 1,439 · see citing works
van Doorn, J., Mende, M., Noble, S. M., Hulland, J., Ostrom, A. L., Grewal, D., & Petersen, J. A. (2017) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/1094670516679272 · Cited by 1,344 · see citing works
AI-based chatbots in customer service and their effects on user compliance
Adam, M., Wessel, M., & Benlian, A. (2021) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-020-00414-7 · Cited by 1,195 · see citing works
Blut, M., Wang, C., Wünderlich, N. V., & Brock, C. (2021) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-020-00762-y · Cited by 1,194 · see citing works
Trust in a specific technology: An investigation of its components and measures
Mcknight, D. H., Carter, M., Thatcher, J. B., & Clay, P. F. (2011) · ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems · doi:10.1145/1985347.1985353 · Cited by 1,185 · see citing works
Araujo, T. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.051 · Cited by 1,156 · see citing works
Go, E., & Sundar, S. S. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.020 · Cited by 1,089 · see citing works
Luo, X., Tong, S., Fang, Z., & Qu, Z. (2019) · Marketing Science · doi:10.1287/mksc.2019.1192 · Cited by 1,027 · see citing works
Qiu, L., & Benbasat, I. (2009) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.2753/mis0742-1222250405 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
Customer service chatbots: Anthropomorphism and adoption
Sheehan, B., Jin, H. S., & Gottlieb, U. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.030 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Making sense by making sentient: Effectance motivation increases anthropomorphism.
Waytz, A., Morewedge, C. K., Epley, N., Monteleone, G., Gao, J.-H., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020240 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
A SEM-neural network approach for predicting antecedents of m-commerce acceptance
Liébana-Cabanillas, F., Marinković, V., & Kalinić, Z. (2017) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.10.008 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
Effects of brand personality on brand trust and brand affect
Sung, Y., & Kim, J. (2010) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20349 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Trust in humanoid robots: implications for services marketing
van Pinxteren, M. M. E., Wetzels, R. W. H., Rüger, J., Pluymaekers, M., & Wetzels, M. G. M. (2019) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-01-2018-0045 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
All in due time: The development of trust in computer-mediated and face-to-face teams
Wilson, J. M., Straus, S. G., & McEvily, B. (2005) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.08.001 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Pitardi, V., & Marriott, H. R. (2021) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21457 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Chattaraman, V., Kwon, W.-S., Gilbert, J. E., & Ross, K. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.048 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Gaming with Mr. Slot or Gaming the Slot Machine? Power, Anthropomorphism, and Risk Perception
Kim, S., & McGill, A. L. (2011) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/658148 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Mechanisms linking employee affective delivery and customer behavioral intentions.
Tsai, W.-C., & Huang, Y.-M. (2002) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.5.1001 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Wired for Speech: How Voice Activates and Advances the Human-Computer Relationship
Callaway, C. B., & Sima’an, K. (2006) · Computational Linguistics · doi:10.1162/coli.2006.32.3.451 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Verhagen, T., van Nes, J. V., Feldberg, F., & van Dolen, W. (2014) · J. Comput. Mediat. Commun. · doi:10.1111/jcc4.12066 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Roy, R., & Naidoo, V. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.12.051 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Tsai, W.-H. S., Liu, Y., & Chuan, C.-H. (2021) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-12-2019-0200 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Mubarak, M. F., & Petraitė, M. (2020) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120332 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
AI Customer Service: Task Complexity, Problem-Solving Ability, and Usage Intention
Xu, Y., Shieh, C.-H., van Esch, P., & Ling, I.-L. (2020) · Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ) · doi:10.1016/j.ausmj.2020.03.005 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Systematic Review: Trust-Building Factors and Implications for Conversational Agent Design
Rheu, M., Shin, J. Y., Peng, W., & Huh-Yoo, J. (2021) · International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2020.1807710 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
In bot we trust: A new methodology of chatbot performance measures
Przegalińska, A., Ciechanowski, L., Stróż, A., Gloor, P. A., & Mazurek, G. (2019) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2019.08.005 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Youn, S., & Jin, S. A. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106721 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Novak, T. P., & Hoffman, D. L. (2019) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-018-0608-3 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Cheng, X., Bao, Y., Zarifis, A., Gong, W., & Mou, J. (2022) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-08-2020-0460 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Millennials' attitude toward chatbots: an experimental study in a social relationship perspective
Cicco, R. D., Silva, S. C. L. D. C. E., & Alparone, F. R. (2020) · International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management · doi:10.1108/ijrdm-12-2019-0406 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Antecedents and consequences of chatbot initial trust
Mostafa, R. B., & Kasamani, T. (2021) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-02-2020-0084 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Replaced by a Robot: Service Implications in the Age of the Machine
McLeay, F., Osburg, V., Yoganathan, V., & Patterson, A. (2020) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/1094670520933354 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Li, M., & Wang, R. (2022) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103209 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
AI-chatbots on the services frontline addressing the challenges and opportunities of agency
Chong, T., Yu, T., Keeling, D. I., & de Ruyter, K. (2021) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102735 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Song, S. W., & Shin, M. (2024) · International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2022.2121038 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
How may I help you? Driving brand engagement through the warmth of an initial chatbot message
Kull, A. J., Romero, M., & Monahan, L. (2021) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.03.005 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Gretry, A., Horváth, C., Belei, N., & van Riel, A. C. R. (2017) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.01.012 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Effects of communication style and culture on ability to accept recommendations from robots
Rau, P. L. P., Li, Y., & Li, D. (2009) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2008.12.025 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
A Review of Trust in Artificial Intelligence: Challenges, Vulnerabilities and Future Directions
Lockey, S., Gillespie, N. A., Holm, D., & Someh, I. (2021) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2021.664 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Kirmani, A., Hamilton, R. W., Thompson, D. V., & Lantzy, S. (2016) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jm.15.0369 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Gaudiello, I., Zibetti, E., Lefort, S., Chétouani, M., & Ivaldi, S. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.057 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Wang, W., Qiu, L., Kim, D., & Benbasat, I. (2016) · Decision Support Systems · doi:10.1016/j.dss.2016.03.007 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Stroessner, S. J., & Benitez, J. (2018) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-018-0502-7 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Interaction behaviors leading to comfort in the service encounter
Lloyd, A. E., & Luk, S. T. K. (2011) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/08876041111129164 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Janson, A. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107954 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
A Mind like Mine: The Exceptionally Ordinary Underpinnings of Anthropomorphism
Nicholas Epley, A. (2018) · Journal of the Association for Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/699516 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Jiang, K., Qin, M., & Li, S. (2022) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.2034 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
How anthropomorphism affects trust in intelligent personal assistants
Chen, Q. Q., & Park, H. J. (2021) · Industrial Management & Data Systems · doi:10.1108/imds-12-2020-0761 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Alexa, Can I Trust You? Exploring Consumer Paths to Trust in Smart Voice-Interaction Technologies
Foehr, J., & Germelmann, C. C. (2019) · Journal of the Association for Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/707731 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Cognitive Chatbot for Personalised Contextual Customer Service: Behind the Scene and beyond the Hype
Behera, R. K., Bala, P. K., & Ray, A. (2021) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-021-10168-y · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Evaluating the effects of behavioral realism in embodied agents
Groom, V., Nass, C., Chen, T., Nielsen, A., Scarborough, J. K., & Robles, E. (2009) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.07.001 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Chatbots in frontline services and customer experience: An anthropomorphism perspective
Nguyen, M., Casper Ferm, L., Quach, S., Pontes, N., & Thaichon, P. (2023) · Psychology & Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21882 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Huang, R., & Ha, S. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.034 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Lee, M., & Park, J.-S. (2022) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.2043 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
A note of caution regarding anthropomorphism in HCI agents
Culley, K. E., & Madhavan, P. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.11.023 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The effect of conversational agent skill on user behavior during deception
Schuetzler, R. M., Grimes, G. M., & Giboney, J. S. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.033 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Consumer resistance to service robots at the hotel front desk: A mixed-methods research
Wang, X., Zhang, Z., Huang, D., & Li, Z. (2023) · Tourism Management Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101074 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Effects of Culture on the Credibility of Robot Speech
Andrist, S., Ziadee, M., Boukaram, H., Mutlu, B., & Sakr, M. F. (2015) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) · doi:10.1145/2696454.2696464 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Rietz, T., Benke, I., & Maedche, A. (2019) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The happy virtual agent and its impact on the human customer in the service encounter
Söderlund, M., Oikarinen, E.-L., & Tan, T. M. (2020) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102401 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Torre, I., Goslin, J., White, L., & Zanatto, D. (2018) · Technology, Mind, and Society Conference (TechMindSociety) · doi:10.1145/3183654.3183691 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Business types matter: new insights into the effects of anthropomorphic cues in AI chatbots
Youn, K., & Cho, M. (2023) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-04-2022-0126 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Chen, V., Le, H. T., & Tran, S. T. T. (2021) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-11-2019-0447 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Dabholkar, P. A., van Dolen, W., & de Ruyter, K. (2009) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20265 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Yang, B., Sun, Y., & Shen, X. (2022) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2022.103257 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Dekkal, M., Arcand, M., Tep, S. P., Rajaobelina, L., & Ricard, L. (2023) · Journal of Financial Services Marketing · doi:10.1057/s41264-023-00230-y · Cited by 75 · see citing works
van Pinxteren, M. M. E., Pluymaekers, M., Lemmink, J. G. A. M., & Krispin, A. (2023) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21792 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Fostering positive customer attitudes and usage intentions for scheduling services via chatbots
Maar, D., Besson, E., & Kéfi, H. (2022) · Journal of service management · doi:10.1108/josm-06-2021-0237 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Xu, Y., Zhang, J., Chi, R., & Deng, G. (2022) · Nankai Business Review International · doi:10.1108/nbri-06-2021-0041 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Should a luxury Brand's Chatbot use emoticons? Impact on brand status
Li, Y., & Shin, H. (2022) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.2104 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Yang, C., & Hu, J. (2021) · Journal of Brand Management · doi:10.1057/s41262-021-00261-7 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Siqueira, M. A. D. S., Müller, B. C. N., & Bosse, T. (2023) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2023.2175158 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Exploring Language Style in Chatbots to Increase Perceived Product Value and User Engagement
Elsholz, E., Chamberlain, J., & Kruschwitz, U. (2019) · Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval · doi:10.1145/3295750.3298956 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Too Informal? How a Chatbot’s Communication Style Affects Brand Attitude and Quality of Interaction
Liebrecht, C., Sander, L., & van Hooijdonk, C. M. J. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68288-0_2 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Wang, S., Yan, Q., & Wang, L. (2023) · Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.1007/s10660-023-09741-1 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Sung, Y., Kim, J., & Jung, J.-H. (2009) · Journal of International Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1080/08961530902844907 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Kim, I., Jeon, S., & Hyun, S. (2011) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2011.615255 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Zhou, M., & Tian, D. (2010) · Journal of International Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1080/08961530903476212 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Customer acceptance of frontline social robots—Human-robot interaction as boundary condition
Ding, B., Li, Y., Miah, S. J., & Liu, W. (2023) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2023.123035 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
ROBOT–BRAND FIT THE INFLUENCE OF BRAND PERSONALITY ON CONSUMER REACTIONS TO SERVICE ROBOT ADOPTION
Choi, S., Liu, S. X., & Choi, C. (2022) · Marketing Letters · doi:10.1007/s11002-022-09616-9 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
More Personalized, More Useful? Reinvestigating Recommendation Mechanisms in E-Commerce
Nguyen, T. K., & Hsu, P. (2022) · International Journal of Electronic Commerce · doi:10.1080/10864415.2021.2010006 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Huang, Y., & Gürsoy, D. (2024) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-11-2023-1800 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Consumer preference for formal address and informal address from warm brands and competent brands
Leung, E., Lenoir, A.-S., Puntoni, S., & van Osselaer, S. M. J. (2022) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcpy.1322 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Chatbot commerce—How contextual factors affect Chatbot effectiveness
Hsu, P., Nguyen, T. K., Wang, C., & Huang, P. (2023) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-023-00629-4 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Human-robot interaction research to improve quality of life in elder care: an approach and issues
Broadbent, E., Jayawardena, C., Kerse, N. M., Stafford, R. Q., & MacDonald, B. A. (2011) · Unitec Research Bank (Unitec Institute of Technology) · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Social robot-delivered customer-facing services: an assessment of the experience
Forgas‐Coll, S., Huertas-García, R., Andriella, A., & Alenyà, G. (2023) · Service Industries Journal · doi:10.1080/02642069.2022.2163995 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
My Virtual Colleague: A State-of-the-Art Analysis of Conversational Agents for the Workplace
Feng, S., & Buxmann, P. (2020) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2020.020 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Proceedings of the Technology, Mind, and Society
(2018) · doi:10.1145/3183654 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Can We Solve AI's 'Trust Problem'?
Davenport, T. (2018) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Unveiling trust in AI: the interplay of antecedents, consequences, and cultural dynamics
Dang, Q., & Li, G. (2025) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02477-6 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Greilich, A., Bremser, K., & Wüst, K. (2025) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.70108 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Recovering customer satisfaction after a chatbot service failure – The effect of gender
Rese, A., & Witthohn, L. (2025) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104257 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
AI Chatbots in E-Commerce: Enhancing Customer Engagement, Satisfaction and Loyalty
Vebrianti, R., Aras, M., Putri, M. S. S., & Swandewi, I. A. (2025) · PaperASIA · doi:10.59953/paperasia.v41i2b.445 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Not in our image: rethinking anthropomorphism in expert chatbot design
Karimova, G. Z. (2025) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02438-z · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lu, Z., & Min, Q. (2025) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104444 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Loneliness and AI chatbot dependence in young adults: the mediating role of perceived social support
Uğuz, Ö., Doğan, S., & Gungor, D. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04916-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Li, H., Hou, Y., Pan, W., Chen, H., Gai, J., & Bu, L. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2524499 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Exploring the Customer Experience Regarding AI-Powered Fintech Chatbots in Terms of SOR Theory
Çam, S., Tuna, M. F., & Bayır, T. (2026) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer21020049 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Stinkeste, C., & Skantze, G. (2025) · International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction (HAI) · doi:10.1145/3765766.3765773 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Armutçu, B. (2026) · Journal of Enterprise Information Management · doi:10.1108/jeim-10-2025-1081 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ansari, B., & Sameer, A. (2026) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-026-00594-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ibrahim, F., Telle, N.-T., Lauckner, M., Karl, J. A., & Daseking, M. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101003 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Patgiri, R., & Ramakrishna, G. (2026) · Cureus Journal of Business and Economics. · doi:10.7759/s44404-026-00067-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Li, Y., Wang, F., Jin, J. K., & Pan, Y. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2026.109160 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lastretti, M., Manchia, M., Fraschini, M., Faa, A., Coghe, F., Paribello, P., Pinna, M., Tiwari, E., Suri, J. S., Saba, L., et al. (2026) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint7050194 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhao, R., Xie, Y., Nie, Z., & Zhou, R. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2643349 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Human vs. robot service in hospitality: how value co-creation shapes guest revisit intention
Mehmood, S., Zhou, Z., Khan, S., & Noor, I. (2026) · Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management · doi:10.1080/19368623.2026.2672444 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Metacognitive Experience: How AI Recommendations Shape Purchase Intention
Gu, Q., Yu, X., Yuan, D., & Yang, Q. (2026) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer21060183 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chen, S., Duan, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2683646 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Asri, N. V., Pramudyta, D. V., & Fitriani, N. (2026) · Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi · doi:10.69714/t8rsfj33
Implementation of the Use of Chatbot in Improving Consumer Services on E-Commerce Platforms
Nurcahyo, R., Harly, M. Q., Manopo, J. I., Cristabel, B. D., Binus, G. C., & Bilqis, F. A. (2025) · International Conference on ICT for Smart Society (ICISS) · doi:10.1109/iciss66954.2025.11389235
Li, W., Zhu, Z., Shan, M., Zhao, X., & Liu, F. (2026) · Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management · doi:10.1080/19368623.2026.2642900
Wanasinghe, W. D. H. B. U., Jayamanna, R. P. A. I., Wikeshani, A. H. T. J. S., Arachchi, H. A. D. M., & Samarasinghe, G. (2026) · IEEE International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS) · doi:10.1109/iciis69028.2026.11450874
Bentler, D., Aksu, V., & Maier, G. W. (2026) · Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s41449-026-00526-4
The Role of Enjoyment in Chatbot Usage for Customer Service
Amelia, A., Khaira, F., & Darussalam, R. K. (2026) · Value Jurnal Manajemen dan Akuntansi · doi:10.32534/jv.v21i1.8530
Wang, Y., & Hao, Y. (2026) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1093/iwc/iwag020
Abeden, A. Z. U., Wang, J., Maqbool, M., & Latif, M. S. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2674832
Saeedi, M., & Zibarzani, M. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6845164
Han, X., Wang, E., Rui, Z., Wang, L., & Liu, Q. (2026) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2026.103667
How enterprise conversational agents impact brand identity
Sonnabend, D., Reinhard, P., Dittmar, A., Li, M. M., & Leimeister, J. M. (2026) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-026-00901-3
Ackermann, K. A., Rettenmund, M., Helbling, C., Gut, R. B., Heim, N., & Furchheim, P. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans · doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2026.100335
Wei, S., Chen, D., Yu, S., Ren, Z., An, W., Liu, Z., & Pusetso, T. J. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2693617
How AI service persona drift erodes consumer trust through relationship discontinuity
Dai, L., Tu, R., & Li, J. (2026) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.104985
Lei, X., & Liu, F. (2026) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-026-01421-y
When is AI service better? The effect of AI service time on customer acceptance in diverse cultures
Xiao, T., Gao, F., Wu, H., Huang, M., Tong, Z., & Dai, W. (2026) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116425
Dai, L., Li, J., Gu, S., & Lin, G. (2026) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.105007
Ramadhan, R. M., & Purwanegara, M. S. (2026) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2026.2710503
Chen, S., Zhu, Y., & Li, X. (2026) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-09-2024-0488
Zhang, Y., Shen, M., & Li, X. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-08477-1
How Loneliness, Trust, and Age Shape Evaluations of Human Versus AI‐Based Advisory Services
Newman, K. P., & Schultz, A. E. (2026) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.70259
Bai, K., & Liu, Y. (2026) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-06-2025-0473
“How May I Help You?” A Multidimensional Analysis of GPT-Based Customer-Service Chatbots
Ali, S., & Faridi, M. R. (2026) · Sci · doi:10.3390/sci8100285
Using emojis to uplift emotion: Effects on mental health chatbots’ performance
Deng, Z., Yan, X., & Fan, G. (2026) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.105159
Ifrim, A. M., Oncioiu, I., Silvestru, C. I., Popescu, C.-A., Dobrescu, T. G., & Popescu, E.-M. (2026) · AI · doi:10.3390/ai7100428
Wang, J., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Zhao, L., & Qin, Y. (2026) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer21100371
Li, H., Chen, H., Pan, W., Zhang, W., Lou, W., Guo, Q., & Yoo, B. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2026.109220
Zhang, M., zuojie, Z., Li, S., Han, X., & Qian, H. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2748818
Παπαβασιλείου, Δ., Κonstantoulaki, K., & Christofi, M. (2026) · Journal of Asia Business Studies · doi:10.1108/jabs-11-2025-0681
Al‐Romeedy, B. S., Abdelghani, A. A. A., Alblowi, R., Taha, E. H., Alhaleem, D. O. A., & Ahmed, H. A. M. (2026) · Information · doi:10.3390/info17111090
- Authors
- Murtaza, Z., Sharma, I., & Carbonell, P.
- Affiliations
- Lahore School of Economics (PK)
- York University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Sharma, Isha
- Venue
- Technological Forecasting and Social Change
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-12
- Volume
- 209
- Pages
- 123806
- ISSN
- 0040-1625 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4403502338
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 11
- FWCI
- 6.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Technological Forecasting and Social Change (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › AI in Service Interactions
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Customer Service Quality and Loyalty
- Keywords
- chatbots, consumer trust, task complexity, communication styles, brand personality, anthropomorphism, service encounters, moderated mediation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review