Clinical relevance of sleep duration: results from a cross-sectional analysis using NHANES
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Study objectives To assess the clinical relevance of sleep duration, hours slept were compared by health status, presence of insomnia, and presence of depression, and the association of sleep duration with BMI and cardiovascular risk was quantified.Methods Cross-sectional analysis of subjects in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys using adjusted linear and logistic regressions.Results A total of 22,281 adults were included, 37% slept ≤ 6 hours, 36% were obese, and 45% reported cardiovascular conditions. Mean sleep duration was 6.87 hours. Better health was associated with more hours of sleep. Subjects with poor health reported sleeping 46 min, (95% CI -56.85 to -35.67) less than subjects with excellent health. Individuals with depression (vs. not depressed) reported 40 min less sleep, (95% CI -47.14 to -32.85). Individuals with insomnia (vs. without insomnia) reported 39 min less sleep, (95% CI -56.24 to -22.45). Duration of sleep was inversely related to BMI; for every additional hour of sleep, there was a decrease of 0.18 kg/m(2) in BMI, (95% CI -0.30 to -0.06). The odds of reporting cardiovascular problems were 6.0% lower for every hour of sleep (odds ratio = 0.94, 95% CI [0.91 to 0.97]). Compared with subjects who slept ≤ 6 h, subjects who slept more had lower odds of reporting cardiovascular problems, with the exception of subjects ≥ 55 years old who slept ≥ 9 hours.Conclusions Long sleep duration is associated with better health. The fewer the hours of sleep, the greater the BMI and reported cardiovascular disease. A difference of 30 minutes of sleep is associated with substantive impact on clinical well-being.
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After consulting meta-analyses and high-quality cohort studies on the dose-response relationship between sleep duration and major health outcomes, the review concluded that an increase of 0.73 hours for short sleepers would have a clinically relevant beneficial effect on a range of outcomes.
“After discussion with the authors of these reviews, we concluded that an increase of 0.73 hours for short sleepers would have a clinically relevant beneficial effect on a range of outcomes.”
From Adapting shift work schedules for sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness in shift workers (2023) · cites this paper as Cepeda 2016
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- Authors
- Cepeda, M. S., Stang, P., Blacketer, C., Kent, J. M., & Wittenberg, G. M.
- Affiliations
- Janssen Research & Development (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cepeda, M. Soledad
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
- Published
- 2016-06-15
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 813-819
- ISSN
- 1550-9389 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9397
- PMC
- PMC4877313
- OpenAlex
- W2396511469
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 7.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- sleep duration, short sleep duration, long sleep, insomnia, depression, body mass index, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk, health status, NHANES
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Time Factors, United States, Body Mass Index, Young Adult
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