A large prospective investigation of sleep duration, weight change, and obesity in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort.
Open accessAbstract
The relationship between sleep and obesity or weight gain in adults, particularly older populations, remains unclear. In a cohort of 83,377 US men and women aged 51-72 years, we prospectively investigated the association between self-reported sleep duration and weight change over an average of 7.5 years of follow-up (1995-2004). Participants were free of cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline and throughout the follow-up. We observed an inverse association between sleep duration per night and weight gain in both men (P for trend = 0.02) and women (P for trend < 0.001). Compared with 7-8 hours of sleep, shorter sleep (<5 hours or 5-6 hours) was associated with more weight gain (in kilograms; men: for <5 hours, β = 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19, 1.13, and for 5-6 hours, β = 0.12, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.26; women: for <5 hours, β = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.86, and for 5-6 hours, β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.37). Among men and women who were not obese at baseline, participants who reported less than 5 hours of sleep per night had an approximately 40% higher risk of developing obesity than did those who reported 7-8 hours of sleep (for men, odds ratio = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.99; for women, odds ratio = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.79). The association between short sleep and excess weight gain was generally consistent across different categories of age, educational level, smoking status, baseline body mass index, and physical activity level.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Epidemiological studies have established an association between decreased self-reported sleep duration and increased incidence of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
“Epidemiological studies have established an association between decreased self-reported sleep duration and an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and cardiovascular disease.”
From Metabolic effects of sleep disruption, links to obesity and diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [3]
Self-reported sleep of less than 6-7 h per night is associated with increased incidence of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and total mortality risk.
“Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that self-reported sleep of less than 6-7 h per night is associated with increased incidence of obesity [1],[2], [3]), diabetes [4], [5], cardiovascular disease [6], [7], and total mortality risk [8], [9].”
From Metabolic effects of sleep disruption, links to obesity and diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [3]
In epidemiologic work, short sleep has been associated with increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
“In epidemiologic work, short sleep has been associated with an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and cardiovascular disease [1],[2], [3] [4], [5] [6], [7] [8], [9].”
From Metabolic effects of sleep disruption, links to obesity and diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [3]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010.
Flegal, K., Carroll, M., Kit, B., & Ogden, C. (2012) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.39 · Cited by 5,523 · see citing works
Taheri, S., Lin, L., Austin, D., Young, T., & Mignot, E. (2004) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0010062 · Cited by 2,477 · see citing works
Spiegel, K., Tasali, E., Penev, P., & Cauter, E. V. (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-11-200412070-00008 · Cited by 2,459 · see citing works
Cappuccio, F. P., Cooper, D., D'Elia, L., Strazzullo, P., & Miller, M. A. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr007 · Cited by 2,146 · see citing works
Self-Reported and Measured Sleep Duration: How Similar Are They?
Lauderdale, D. S., Knutson, K. L., Yan, L. L., Liu, K., & Rathouz, P. J. (2008) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e318187a7b0 · Cited by 1,565 · see citing works
Short Sleep Duration and Weight Gain: A Systematic Review
Patel, S. R., & Hu, F. B. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.118 · Cited by 1,505 · see citing works
Sleep disturbances and chronic disease in older adults
Foley, D., Ancoli-Israel, S., Britz, P., & Walsh, J. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.02.010 · Cited by 1,203 · see citing works
Inadequate Sleep as a Risk Factor for Obesity: Analyses of the NHANES I
Gangwisch, J. E., Malaspina, D., Boden-Albala, B., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2005) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.10.1289 · Cited by 905 · see citing works
Impact of insufficient sleep on total daily energy expenditure, food intake, and weight gain
Markwald, R. R., Melanson, E. L., Smith, M. R., Higgins, J., Perreault, L., Eckel, R. H., & Wright, K. P. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1216951110 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
Hasler, G., Buysse, D. J., Klaghofer, R., Gamma, A., Ajdacic, V., Eich, D., Rössler, W., & Angst, J. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.4.661 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Weight Loss in Breast Cancer Patient Management
Chlebowski, R. T., Aiello, E. J., & McTiernan, A. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2002.20.4.1128 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Association between Reduced Sleep and Weight Gain in Women
Patel, S. R., Malhotra, A., White, D. P., Gottlieb, D. J., & Hu, F. B. (2006) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj280 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Design and Serendipity in Establishing a Large Cohort with Wide Dietary Intake Distributions
Schatzkin, A. G., Subar, A. F., Thompson, F. E., Harlan, L. C., Tangrea, J. A., Hollenbeck, A. R., Hurwitz, P. E., Coyle, L. M., Schussler, N., Michaud, D. S., et al. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/154.12.1119 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of Sleep and Sleep Loss in Hormonal Release and Metabolism
Leproult, R., & Van Cauter, E. (2010) · Endocrine Development · doi:10.1159/000262524 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Chaput, J., Després, J., Bouchard, C., & Tremblay, A. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.512 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Melatonin, sleep disturbance and cancer risk
Blask, D. E. (2008) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2008.07.007 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Stress hormones: physiological stress and regulation of metabolism
Kyrou, I., & Tsigos, C. (2009) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2009.08.007 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Sleep and the epidemic of obesity in children and adults
Van Cauter, E., & Knutson, K. L. (2008) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-08-0298 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Chaput, J.-P., Després, J.-P., Bouchard, C., & Tremblay, A. (2008) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.4.517 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
SCHMID, S. M., HALLSCHMID, M., JAUCH‐CHARA, K., BORN, J., & SCHULTES, B. (2008) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00662.x · Cited by 370 · see citing works
ACCURACY OF CURRENT, 4-YEAR, AND 28-YEAR SELF-REPORTED BODY WEIGHT IN AN ELDERLY POPULATION
Stevens, J., KEIL, J. E., Waid, L. R., & Gazes, P. C. (1990) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115758 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Longitudinal associations between sleep duration and subsequent weight gain: A systematic review
Magee, L., & Hale, L. (2012) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.05.005 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Tan, D. ‐., Manchester, L. C., Fuentes‐Broto, L., Paredes, S. D., & Reiter, R. J. (2010) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00756.x · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Nielsen, L. S., Danielsen, K. V., & Sørensen, T. I. A. (2011) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00724.x · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Melatonin Reduces Body Weight Gain in Sprague Dawley Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity
Prunet‐Marcassus, B., Desbazeille, M., Bros, A., Louche, K., Delagrange, P., Renard, P., Casteilla, L., & Pénicaud, L. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-0693 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Watanabe, M., Kikuchi, H., Tanaka, K., & Takahashi, M. (2010) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/33.2.161 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Association between sleep disorders, obesity, and exercise: a review
Hargens, T. A., Kaleth, Edwards, E. S., & Butner (2013) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s34838 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Lauderdale, D. S., Knutson, K. L., Rathouz, P. J., Yan, L. L., Hulley, S. B., & Liu, K. (2009) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwp230 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Association of sleep duration with type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance
Chaput, J.-P., Després, J.-P., Bouchard, C., & Tremblay, A. (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0786-x · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Stranges, S., Cappuccio, F. P., Kandala, N.-B., Miller, M. A., Taggart, F. M., Kumari, M., Ferrie, J. E., Shipley, M. J., Brunner, E. J., & Marmot, M. G. (2008) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm302 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
López-García, E., Faubel, R., León-Muñoz, L., Zuluaga, M. C., Banegas, J. R., & Rodríguez-Artalejo, F. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.2.310 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Sleep Disturbances in Midlife Unrelated to 32-Year Diabetes Incidence
Björkelund, C., Bondyr-Carlsson, D., Lapidus, L., Lissner, L., Månsson, J., Skoog, I., & Bengtsson, C. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.11.2739 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
O’Donnell, J. F. (2004) · Clinical cornerstone · doi:10.1016/s1098-3597(05)80002-x · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Association of onset of obesity with sleep duration and shift work among Japanese adults
Itani, O., Kaneita, Y., Murata, A., Yokoyama, E., & Ohida, T. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.09.007 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Melatonin Effect on Rat Body Weight Regulation in Response to High-Fat Diet at Middle Age
Puchalski, S. S., Green, J. N., & Rasmussen, D. D. (2003) · Endocrine · doi:10.1385/endo:21:2:163 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Examining the Pathways Linking Chronic Sleep Restriction to Obesity
Magee, C., Huang, X., Iverson, D. C., & Caputi, P. (2010) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2010/821710 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
LYYTIKÄINEN, P., RAHKONEN, O., LAHELMA, E., & LALLUKKA, T. (2011) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00903.x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Sleep duration and weight change in midlife women: The SWAN sleep study
Appelhans, B. M., Janssen, İ., Cursio, J., Matthews, K. A., Hall, M. H., Gold, E. B., Burns, J. W., & Kravitz, H. M. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20251 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Nishiura, C., & Hashimoto, H. (2010) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je20100019 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
A link between chronic sleep restriction and obesity: Methodological considerations
Magee, C., Iverson, D. C., Huang, X., & Caputi, P. (2008) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2008.05.010 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Chronic sleep deprivation and seasonality: implications for the obesity epidemic.
Cizza, G., Requena, M., Galli, G., & de Jonge, L. (2011) · PubMed · doi:10.3275/7808 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Puig‐Domingo, M., Guerrero, J. M., Menéndez‐Peláez, A., et al. (1989) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1220553 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Garvey, W. T., Mechanick, J. I., Brett, E. M., Garber, A. J., Hurley, D. L., Jastreboff, A. M., Nadolsky, K., Pessah-Pollack, R., & Plodkowski, R. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161365.gl · Cited by 1,914 · see citing works
Watson, N. F., Badr, M. S., Belenky, G., Bliwise, D. L., Buxton, O. M., Buysse, D., Dinges, D. F., Gangwisch, J., Grandner, M. A., Kushida, C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.4950 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Sleep duration and obesity among adults: a meta-analysis of prospective studies
Wu, Y., Zhai, L., & Zhang, D. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.07.018 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Genetic studies of accelerometer-based sleep measures yield new insights into human sleep behaviour
Jones, S. E., van Hees, V. T., Mazzotti, D. R., Marques-Vidal, P., Sabia, S., van der Spek, A., Dashti, H. S., Engmann, J., Kocevska, D., Tyrrell, J., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09576-1 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Metabolic effects of sleep disruption, links to obesity and diabetes
Nedeltcheva, A. V., & Scheer, F. A. J. L. (2014) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000082 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Xiao, Q., Keadle, S. K., Hollenbeck, A. R., & Matthews, C. E. (2014) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwu222 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep deprivation and obesity in adults: A brief narrative review
Cooper, C. B., Neufeld, E. V., Dolezal, B. A., & Martin, J. L. (2018) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000392 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Rangaraj, V. R., & Knutson, K. L. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.535 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Chew, H. S. J., & Lopez, V. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18041876 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Clinical relevance of sleep duration: results from a cross-sectional analysis using NHANES
Cepeda, M. S., Stang, P., Blacketer, C., Kent, J. M., & Wittenberg, G. M. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.5876 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Patterson, R. E., Emond, J. A., Natarajan, L., Wesseling-Perry, K., Kolonel, L. N., Jardack, P., Ancoli-Israel, S., & Arab, L. (2014) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.113.186890 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Jones, S. E., Hees, V. T. V., Mazzotti, D. R., Marques-Vidal, P., Sabia, S., der Spek, A. V., Dashti, H. S., Engmann, J., Kocevska, D., Tyrrell, J., et al. (2018) · doi:10.1101/303925 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Longitudinal associations between sleep and BMI in a low-income, predominantly Black American sample
Brooks Holliday, S., Dong, L., Haas, A., Ghosh-Dastidar, M. (., Dubowitz, T., Buysse, D. J., Hale, L., & Troxel, W. M. (2023) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2022.10.012 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Xiao, Q., Arem, H., Moore, S. C., Hollenbeck, A. R., & Matthews, C. E.
- Affiliations
- National Cancer Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Xiao, Qian
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-09-18
- Volume
- 178
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1600-1610
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- PMC
- PMC3842900
- OpenAlex
- W2141128239
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 15
- FWCI
- 18.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep duration, obesity, weight gain, short sleep duration, older adults, NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, sex differences, body mass index, physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sleep Deprivation, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Self Report
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
