Health anxiety and Internet use: A thematic analysis
Open accessAbstract
The current study aimed to obtain health anxious students’ perspectives on their reasons for using the Internet to obtain health information, and the nature and effects of such usage. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews with 20 postgraduate and undergraduate students identified as highly health anxious, and were examined using thematic analysis. Results suggested that themes were organized by different stages of the search process. Reasons for searching included curiosity, anxiety/worry about undiagnosed symptoms, and remedy-seeking. Both positive (e.g. reassurance) and negative (e.g. uncertainty) outcomes were reported. Findings from the current study suggest that the Internet constitutes an important resource for obtaining health information by health anxious individuals, with the potential to both reduce and exacerbate health anxiety.
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Singh and Brown found a positive association between HA and the frequency of using the internet to obtain wellness information.
“In this context, Singh and Brown [1] found a positive association between HA and the frequency of using the internet to obtain wellness information.”
From Conceptualizations of cyberchondria and relations to the anxiety spectrum: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says Internet use for health purposes is higher among people with health anxiety. But it attributes that evidence to earlier studies, while this paper used qualitative interviews with a high-health-anxiety sample; it does not report its own positive association between health anxiety and search frequency. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOnly 2 qualitative studies have addressed the question of triggers for health-related internet use, both using semistructured interviews with participants with high levels of HA (N=8, SHAI>16 points; N=20, SHAI>18 points).
“To our knowledge, only 2 qualitative studies have addressed this question, both using semistructured interviews with participants with high levels of HA (ie, participants’ SHAI scores exceeded a critical cutoff, indicating clinically significant HA (N=8, SHAI>16 points [90]; N=20, SHAI>18 points [1]).”
From Conceptualizations of cyberchondria and relations to the anxiety spectrum: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
The Research Context describes semi-structured interviews, and Method Participants reports 20 interviewees selected for high health anxiety. The cutoff was SHAI ≥18, not >18 as the citing sentence states. The claim that there were only two such studies is the citing authors’ framing, and the N=8 study has a separate citation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredQualitative data suggest that a certain mistrust of medical professionals and, specifically, of doctors, may play an important role.
“Furthermore, qualitative data suggest that a certain mistrust of medical professionals and, specifically, of doctors, may play an important role [1].”
From Conceptualizations of cyberchondria and relations to the anxiety spectrum: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
Interview studies revealed that uncertainty, fright, anxiety, worry, and nervousness could be experienced as a consequence of health-related internet use.
“Interview studies revealed that uncertainty, fright, anxiety, worry, and nervousness [1,90] could be experienced as a consequence of health-related internet use.”
From Conceptualizations of cyberchondria and relations to the anxiety spectrum: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
Positive emotional consequences of health-related internet use were also found, such as relief and calm.
“Besides the reported results confirming the postulated negative emotional consequences of health-related internet use, it should be noted that positive emotional consequences were also found, such as relief and calm [1,11,90].”
From Conceptualizations of cyberchondria and relations to the anxiety spectrum: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
Uncertainty about the probability of having a serious disease primed illness-related thoughts and worries leading to heightened anxiety, whereas being uncertain about nonserious issues led to curiosity.
“Moreover, uncertainty about the probability of having a serious disease primed illness-related thoughts and worries leading to heightened anxiety, whereas being uncertain about nonserious issues led to curiosity [1].”
From Conceptualizations of cyberchondria and relations to the anxiety spectrum: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
"Information is power" describes a participant's hope to be able to prevent future illness, deterioration of an already existing one, or death because of an illness by gathering information.
““Information is power” describes a participant’s hope to be able to prevent future illness, the deterioration of an already existing one [1], or death because of an illness [90] by gathering information, such as appropriate health promotion strategies or remedies [1].”
From Conceptualizations of cyberchondria and relations to the anxiety spectrum: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
Both situational factors (e.g., uncertainty and anxiety) and more permanent predisposing factors (e.g., prior beliefs such as mistrust of medical professionals and 'information is power') seem to be important in the initiation of health-related internet use.
“Besides situational factors (states) such as uncertainty and anxiety, more permanent or predisposing factors such as prior beliefs (eg, mistrust of medical professionals and information is power), seem to be important [1] as the metacognitive conceptualization of cyberchondria proposes [31].”
From Conceptualizations of cyberchondria and relations to the anxiety spectrum: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
The possibility of failing to prevent an illness leads to anticipation of dreadful consequences, which increases the perceived urgency to conduct health-related internet use.
“The possibility of failing to prevent an illness leads to the anticipation of dreadful consequences, which increases the perceived urgency to conduct health-related internet use [1].”
From Conceptualizations of cyberchondria and relations to the anxiety spectrum: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
Participants stated that negative emotions occurred during health-related internet use if unfamiliar health issues were researched or potentially alarming information was found.
“Another important factor seems to be the type of information found: participants stated that negative emotions occurred during health-related internet use if unfamiliar health issues were researched or potentially alarming information was found [1,90].”
From Conceptualizations of cyberchondria and relations to the anxiety spectrum: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
Conversely, positive emotions were experienced if familiar issues were researched or nonserious causes for experienced symptoms were found.
“Conversely, positive emotions were experienced if familiar issues were researched or nonserious causes for experienced symptoms were found.”
From Conceptualizations of cyberchondria and relations to the anxiety spectrum: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- Singh, K., Fox, J. R. E., & Brown, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Venue
- Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace
- Publisher
- Masaryk University Press
- Published
- 2016-07-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 1802-7962 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2501868388
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 6.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information Retrieval and Search Behavior
- Keywords
- health anxiety, internet use, health information seeking, university students, reassurance, uncertainty, online health information
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