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The ecology and sociology of the Norway rat
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Bibliography: p. 285-288
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“In the wild, as juvenile rats age, they would not only have access to their littermates, but also peers from nearby litters, and therefore many potential partners of both sexes (Calhoun 1963; Schweinfurth 2020). Thus, in natural settings, rats would have choice with whom to play, a choice that laboratory rats tested in pairs are not afforded.”
From Partner Choice and Context‐Dependent Sex Differences in Rat Rough‐and‐Tumble Play (2026) · cites this paper as Calhoun 1963
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“For example, data from naturalistic settings suggests that low food availability promote antagonistic in-group interactions between rodents-the advantages of dominant position become more pronounced under limited resources conditions.24,25”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Within those groups, rats rarely fight with each other (but often attack intruders) and often sleep together in common burrows.25”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Some rats transfer from one collective to another.These individuals, however, are usually subordinates.25 They do not play an active reproductive role, and often are unsuccessful in maintaining body weight (see Section 4).”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Those are: longer residence on a given territory than a rival, being older and heavier, history of winning previous fights and lack of stressful, traumatizing events.25,50,76,92,104”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“In naturalistic conditions, wild rats display robust social dominance, which was described in detail by Calhoun.25,104”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“This suggests that omegas are the animals which do not accept their social position and might be the most probable to either change it or leave the colony.25,50”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“This is reflected mainly by fighting for food.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Such fights are most intensive when clear hierarchy is not yet established.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“In stable groups, even though overt aggression is largely reduced, animals can treat each other differently depending on their social position.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Although dominance between females is typically much less pronounced and they display fewer fights and injuries than males, they probably form dominance ranks as well.25”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Secondly, literature suggests that dominance hierarchies are generally less pronounced among domesticated rats than in the wild.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Keeping this in mind, social stressors play major role in the regulation of wild rats population: omegas have the lowest chance of survival despite access to food 25,50 and housing.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
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Research works printed but not linked: 18
- [6](6) Davis, D. E. : The role of intraspecific competition in game management. Trans. North Amer. Wildlife Conference 14: 225-231 (1949).
- [7](7) Wright, S.: In J. Huxley (Ed.), The New Systema- tics. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940, 161-183.
- [13](13) Calhoun, J. B.: Twenty-four hour periodicities in the animal kingdom. Part II. The vertebrates. J. Tennessee Academy Science 20: 228-231, 291-308, 373-378; 21 : 208-216, 281-282 (1945-46).
- [19](19) Bishop, F. C., Mitchell, J. D., and Parman, D. C.: Screw worms and other maggots affecting animals. U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmer's Bulletin, No. 857, 19 pp. (1922).
- [27](27) \j>vv.K7. t K. Z.: The comparative method in studing innate behavior patterns. Symposia of the Society i >r Experimental Biology, No. IV, Animal Behavior, pp. 221 268 (1950).
- [28](28) Davis, I). E.: The characteristics of rat populations. Quarterly Review of Biology 28: 373-401 (1953).
- [29](29) Barnett, S. A.: The biology of rat populations. Surgo, Candlemans, pp. 111-115 (1952).
- [31](31) Chitty, D., and Southern, H. N.: Control of rats and mice. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1954, Vol. 1 and 2, Rats, 532 p.; Vol. 3, Mice, 225 p.
- [32](32) Hirst, L. F.: The conquest of plague. A study of the evolution of epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 1953, 478 pp.
- [33](33) Castle, W. E.: The domestication of the rat. Proc. National Academy Science 33: 109-117 (1947).
- [38](38) Farris, E. J., and Griffith, J. Q.: The rat in lab- oratory investigation. Second edition Philadelphia, Pa., J. B. Lippincott Co., 1949, 542 pp.
- [41](41) Allee, W. C., Emerson, A., Park, O., Park, T., and Schmidt, K.: Principles of animal ecology. W. B. Saunders, 1949, 837 pp.
- [43](43) Stewart, J. Q. : Empirical mathematical rules con- cerning the distribution and equilibrium of popu- lation. Geographical Review 37: 461-485 (1947).
- [46](46) Parsons, T., and Shils, E. A. (Eds.): Toward a general theory of action. Cambridge, Mass., Har- vard University Press, 1952, 506 pp.
- [48](48) Parsons, T.: The social system. Glencoe, 111., The Free Press, 1951, 575 pp.
- [49](49) Crawford, M. P.: The social psychology of the vertebrates. Psychological Bulletin 36: 407-446 (1939).
- [54](54) Rosvold, H. E., and Walker, A. M.: Effect of electroconvulsive shocks on nest building in the male albino rat. Proc. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 72: 270—272 (1949).
- [57](57) Rosvold, H. E., Kaplan, S. J., and Stevenson, J. A.: Effect of electroconvulsive shock on adrenal cortex of the rat. Proc. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 80: 60-62 (1952).
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(1975) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-049450-7.50031-2
Metadata
- Authors
- Calhoun, J. B.
- Corresponding author
- Calhoun, John B.
- Published
- 1963
- OpenAlex
- W2499413085
- Cited by
- 1,040
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 13.26
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) (submittedVersion)
- University of Michigan Library Repository (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Keywords
- Rattus norvegicus, rodent ecology, social behavior
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