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The ecology and sociology of the Norway rat
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Bibliography: p. 285-288
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In the citing paper
“In the wild, as juvenile rats age, they would not only have access to their littermates, but also peers from nearby litters, and therefore many potential partners of both sexes (Calhoun 1963; Schweinfurth 2020). Thus, in natural settings, rats would have choice with whom to play, a choice that laboratory rats tested in pairs are not afforded.”
From Partner Choice and Context‐Dependent Sex Differences in Rat Rough‐and‐Tumble Play (2026) · cites this paper as Calhoun 1963
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“For example, data from naturalistic settings suggests that low food availability promote antagonistic in-group interactions between rodents-the advantages of dominant position become more pronounced under limited resources conditions.24,25”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Within those groups, rats rarely fight with each other (but often attack intruders) and often sleep together in common burrows.25”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Some rats transfer from one collective to another.These individuals, however, are usually subordinates.25 They do not play an active reproductive role, and often are unsuccessful in maintaining body weight (see Section 4).”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Those are: longer residence on a given territory than a rival, being older and heavier, history of winning previous fights and lack of stressful, traumatizing events.25,50,76,92,104”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“In naturalistic conditions, wild rats display robust social dominance, which was described in detail by Calhoun.25,104”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“This suggests that omegas are the animals which do not accept their social position and might be the most probable to either change it or leave the colony.25,50”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“This is reflected mainly by fighting for food.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Such fights are most intensive when clear hierarchy is not yet established.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“In stable groups, even though overt aggression is largely reduced, animals can treat each other differently depending on their social position.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Although dominance between females is typically much less pronounced and they display fewer fights and injuries than males, they probably form dominance ranks as well.25”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Secondly, literature suggests that dominance hierarchies are generally less pronounced among domesticated rats than in the wild.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Keeping this in mind, social stressors play major role in the regulation of wild rats population: omegas have the lowest chance of survival despite access to food 25,50 and housing.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
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“Such behavior could be predicted on the basis of the marked tendencies of Norway rats in the wild to construct and predominantly follow trails in moving in and around colonies, even when searching for food (Calhoun, 1962; Telle, 1966).”
BackgroundInfluentialBehavioral and neuroendocrine responses in shy children
Schmidt, L. A., Fox, N. A., Rubin, K. H., Sternberg, E. M., Gold, P. W., Smith, C. C., & Schulkin, J. A. (1997) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199703)30:2 · Cited by 329
Social rank behaviour in a captive colony of Polynesian rats ( Rattus exulans )
Davis, L. S. (1979) · New Zealand Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1080/03014223.1979.10428376 · Cited by 9
Towards a real systems theory of feeding
Toates, F. M. (1981) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00000443 · Cited by 9
Studies of Food Intake: Lessons from Nontraditionally Studied Species
Bartness, T. J., & Demas, G. E. (2006) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-48643-1_15 · Cited by 9
“…are not thought to hoard food significantly because no food has been found in their burrows except for occasional observations of food buried near the burrow of lactating rats (Calhoun, 1962; Lore & Flannelly, 1978; Pisano & Storer, 1948; Takahhashi & Lore, 1980; Whishaw & Whishaw, 1996).”
BackgroundInfluentialA natural food aversion in Norway rats and in house mice
Carr, W. J., Schwartz, D., Chism, E., et al. (1981) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(81)91349-2 · Cited by 9
Immigration and emigration as contributory regulators of populations through social disruption
Bailey, E. D. (1969) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/z69-189 · Cited by 9
Population dynamics of the Smith's red‐backed vole in highlands of Shikoku
Tanaka, R. (1964) · Population Ecology · doi:10.1007/bf02518806 · Cited by 9
Facultative sex-ratio adjustment in Norway rats: litters born asynchronously are female biased
BLUMBERG, M. S., Mennella, J. A., Moltz, H., & McClintock, M. K. (1992) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/bf00170607 · Cited by 9
“Female Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) typically conceive and rear young within a social group in the presence of other breeding females (Calhoun 1962; McClintock 1981, •983, 1984; Telle 1966; Steiniger 1950).”
BackgroundEffect of Population Stress on the Histophysiology of Avian Endocrine Organs
Ghosh, A., & Banerjee, J. (1983) · Yamashina Chōrui Kenkyūjo Kenkyū hōkoku/Yamashina Chourui Kenkyuujo kenkyuu houkoku · doi:10.3312/jyio1952.15.156 · Cited by 9
Separation from a bonded partner alters neural response to inflammatory pain in monogamous rodents
Okuda, T., Osako, Y., Hidaka, C., Nishihara, M., Young, L. J., Mitsui, S., & Yuri, K. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113650 · Cited by 7
Chu, X., Gagnidze, K., Pfaff, D. W., & Ågmo, A. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.053 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Calhoun, J. B.
- Corresponding author
- Calhoun, John B.
- Published
- 1963
- OpenAlex
- W2499413085
- Cited by
- 1,040
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 13.26
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) (submittedVersion)
- University of Michigan Library Repository (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Keywords
- Rattus norvegicus, rodent ecology, social behavior
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