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The ecology and sociology of the Norway rat
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Bibliography: p. 285-288
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In the citing paper
“In the wild, as juvenile rats age, they would not only have access to their littermates, but also peers from nearby litters, and therefore many potential partners of both sexes (Calhoun 1963; Schweinfurth 2020). Thus, in natural settings, rats would have choice with whom to play, a choice that laboratory rats tested in pairs are not afforded.”
From Partner Choice and Context‐Dependent Sex Differences in Rat Rough‐and‐Tumble Play (2026) · cites this paper as Calhoun 1963
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“For example, data from naturalistic settings suggests that low food availability promote antagonistic in-group interactions between rodents-the advantages of dominant position become more pronounced under limited resources conditions.24,25”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Within those groups, rats rarely fight with each other (but often attack intruders) and often sleep together in common burrows.25”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Some rats transfer from one collective to another.These individuals, however, are usually subordinates.25 They do not play an active reproductive role, and often are unsuccessful in maintaining body weight (see Section 4).”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Those are: longer residence on a given territory than a rival, being older and heavier, history of winning previous fights and lack of stressful, traumatizing events.25,50,76,92,104”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“In naturalistic conditions, wild rats display robust social dominance, which was described in detail by Calhoun.25,104”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“This suggests that omegas are the animals which do not accept their social position and might be the most probable to either change it or leave the colony.25,50”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“This is reflected mainly by fighting for food.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Such fights are most intensive when clear hierarchy is not yet established.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“In stable groups, even though overt aggression is largely reduced, animals can treat each other differently depending on their social position.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Although dominance between females is typically much less pronounced and they display fewer fights and injuries than males, they probably form dominance ranks as well.25”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Secondly, literature suggests that dominance hierarchies are generally less pronounced among domesticated rats than in the wild.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Keeping this in mind, social stressors play major role in the regulation of wild rats population: omegas have the lowest chance of survival despite access to food 25,50 and housing.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
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Arakawa, H. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112140 · Cited by 25
“…behavior—Ethological studies of semi-natural habitats have illustrated that the juvenile stage of rodents is the period of migration from their natal habitat (Calhoun, 1963; Crowcroft, 1973), which requires postulating the emergence of exploratory behavior and adaptive defensive responses.”
BackgroundByers, K. A., Booker, T. R., Combs, M. A., Himsworth, C. G., Munshi‐South, J., Patrick, D. M., & Whitlock, M. C. (2020) · Evolutionary Applications · doi:10.1111/eva.13049 · Cited by 20
“As full siblings share a nest until they begin free-roaming at as early as 25 days old (Calhoun, 1963), we hypothesized that full siblings would be more likely to share pathogen status.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe response to naltrexone in ethanol-drinking rats depends on early environmental experiences
Daoura, L., & Nylander, I. (2011) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.06.004 · Cited by 23
Social influence on avoidance of dangerous stimuli by rats
White, D. J., & Galef, B. G. (1998) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03199236 · Cited by 23
“Possibly, given the matrilocal structure of Norway rat populations in natural circumstances (Calhoun, 1962), defensive burying of noxious stimuli by Norway rats evolved as a means of reducing the probability that close relatives would suffer injury.”
BackgroundInfluence of Father and Pregnancy on Maternal Care in Red-Backed Voles
McGuire, B. (1997) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.2307/1382942 · Cited by 22
Spatial Variation of Trichinella Prevalence in Rats in Finnish Waste Disposal Sites
Mikkonen, T. P., Valkama, J., Wihlman, H., et al. (2005) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.1645/ge-3230rn · Cited by 22
Effects of endocrine state on sociosexual behavior of female rats tested in a complex environment.
Emery, D. E. (1986) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.100.1.71 · Cited by 22
Urine marking and sexual behavior in the rat (Rattus norvegicus)
McIntosh, T. K., Davis, P. G., & Barfield, R. J. (1979) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(79)92531-7 · Cited by 22
Capillaria hepatica in Wild Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Vancouver, Canada
Rothenburger, J. L., Himsworth, C. G., Chang, V., Lejeune, M., & Leighton, F. A. (2014) · Journal of Wildlife Diseases · doi:10.7589/2013-09-256 · Cited by 21
Genetic Characterization and Molecular Evolution of Urban Seoul Virus in Southern China
Su, Q., Chen, Y., Li, M., Ma, J., Wang, B., Luo, J., & He, H. (2019) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v11121137 · Cited by 20
“Generally, weight is a good proxy for age [49,50].”
BackgroundMethamphetamine enhances sexual behavior in female rats
Winland, C., Haycox, C., Bolton, J. L., Jampana, S., Oakley, B. J., Ford, B., Ornelas, L. C., Burbey, A., Marquette, A., Frohardt, R. J., et al. (2011) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.03.001 · Cited by 21
Teubner, B. J. W., Garretson, J. T., Hwang, Y., Cole, P. A., & Bartness, T. J. (2013) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.02.001 · Cited by 21
“…sought and obtained, we have used Siberian hamsters because, like humans [for review: (Bartness et al., 2011)], and unlike laboratory rats and mice (Calhoun, 1962; Hill et al., 1984; Takahashi and Lore, 1980), they hoard food in nature (Flint, 1966), a behavior that can be duplicated in the…”
BackgroundMethodGuarraci, F. A., & Bolton, J. L. (2013) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2013.11.006 · Cited by 21
“…control the receipt of sexual stimulation from one male, paced mating behavior with multiple males is more similar to the mating conditions of rats in their natural habitat (Calhoun, 1962) and is associated with increases in the reproductive success of the female (Coopersmith and Erskine, 1994).”
BackgroundArai, A., Hirota, Y., Miyase, N., Miyata, S., Young, L. J., Osako, Y., Yuri, K., & Mitsui, S. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.022 · Cited by 21
ARCHITEKTURA PSYCHOLOGICZNEJ PRZESTRZENI ŻYCIA. Behawioralne Podstawy Projektowania
Bańka, A. (2016) · Stowarzyszenie Psychologia i Architektura eBooks · doi:10.14691/bppa.2016 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Calhoun, J. B.
- Corresponding author
- Calhoun, John B.
- Published
- 1963
- OpenAlex
- W2499413085
- Cited by
- 1,040
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 13.26
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) (submittedVersion)
- University of Michigan Library Repository (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Keywords
- Rattus norvegicus, rodent ecology, social behavior
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