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The ecology and sociology of the Norway rat
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In the citing paper
“In the wild, as juvenile rats age, they would not only have access to their littermates, but also peers from nearby litters, and therefore many potential partners of both sexes (Calhoun 1963; Schweinfurth 2020). Thus, in natural settings, rats would have choice with whom to play, a choice that laboratory rats tested in pairs are not afforded.”
From Partner Choice and Context‐Dependent Sex Differences in Rat Rough‐and‐Tumble Play (2026) · cites this paper as Calhoun 1963
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“For example, data from naturalistic settings suggests that low food availability promote antagonistic in-group interactions between rodents-the advantages of dominant position become more pronounced under limited resources conditions.24,25”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Within those groups, rats rarely fight with each other (but often attack intruders) and often sleep together in common burrows.25”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Some rats transfer from one collective to another.These individuals, however, are usually subordinates.25 They do not play an active reproductive role, and often are unsuccessful in maintaining body weight (see Section 4).”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Those are: longer residence on a given territory than a rival, being older and heavier, history of winning previous fights and lack of stressful, traumatizing events.25,50,76,92,104”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“In naturalistic conditions, wild rats display robust social dominance, which was described in detail by Calhoun.25,104”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“This suggests that omegas are the animals which do not accept their social position and might be the most probable to either change it or leave the colony.25,50”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“This is reflected mainly by fighting for food.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Such fights are most intensive when clear hierarchy is not yet established.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“In stable groups, even though overt aggression is largely reduced, animals can treat each other differently depending on their social position.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Although dominance between females is typically much less pronounced and they display fewer fights and injuries than males, they probably form dominance ranks as well.25”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Secondly, literature suggests that dominance hierarchies are generally less pronounced among domesticated rats than in the wild.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Keeping this in mind, social stressors play major role in the regulation of wild rats population: omegas have the lowest chance of survival despite access to food 25,50 and housing.”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
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Recovery from sexual satiety in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdi).
Dewsbury, D. A. (1983) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037//0735-7036.97.1.34 · Cited by 15
The Ecology of Wild Rats: Applications in the Laboratory
Lore, R., & Schultz, L. A. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2403-1_41 · Cited by 15
Drews, D. R., & Wulczyn, F. H. (1975) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03394349 · Cited by 15
Partner preference for strain of female in Long–Evans male rats
Ismail, N., Jones, S. L., Graham, M. D., Sylvester, S., & Pfaus, J. G. (2010) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.09.005 · Cited by 14
Daoura (2010) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2010.00037 · Cited by 14
“, two commonly used groups for comparisons, have been suggested to be artificial since they both provide little external stimuli to the dam and her offspring, contradictory to the naturalistic setting (Calhoun, 1962; Lehmann and Feldon, 2000; Pryce and Feldon, 2003; Macri and Würbel, 2006).”
Home range and movement in populations of Rattus norvegicus polymorphic for warfarin resistance
Hartley, D.-L., & Bishop, J. A. (1979) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1979.tb00048.x · Cited by 14
Uriarte, N., Ferreira, A., Rosa, X. F., & Lucion, A. B. (2008) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20360 · Cited by 14
Rat movements and control on an Oxfordshire farm
Fenn, M. G. P., Tew, T., & Macdonald, D. W. (1987) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb03741.x · Cited by 14
Effects of different housing conditions on intraspecies fighting between male Long-Evans hooded rats
Barr, G. A. (1981) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(81)90367-x · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Calhoun, J. B.
- Corresponding author
- Calhoun, John B.
- Published
- 1963
- OpenAlex
- W2499413085
- Cited by
- 1,040
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 13.26
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) (submittedVersion)
- University of Michigan Library Repository (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Keywords
- Rattus norvegicus, rodent ecology, social behavior
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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