Quantitative Magnetic Particle Imaging Monitors the Transplantation, Biodistribution, and Clearance of Stem Cells In Vivo
Open accessAbstract
Stem cell therapies have enormous potential for treating many debilitating diseases, including heart failure, stroke and traumatic brain injury. For maximal efficacy, these therapies require targeted cell delivery to specific tissues followed by successful cell engraftment. However, targeted delivery remains an open challenge. As one example, it is common for intravenous deliveries of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to become entrapped in lung microvasculature instead of the target tissue. Hence, a robust, quantitative imaging method would be essential for developing efficacious cell therapies. Here we show that Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), a novel technique that directly images iron-oxide nanoparticle-tagged cells, can longitudinally monitor and quantify MSC administration in vivo. MPI offers near-ideal image contrast, depth penetration, and robustness; these properties make MPI both ultra-sensitive and linearly quantitative. Here, we imaged, for the first time, the dynamic trafficking of intravenous MSC administrations using MPI. Our results indicate that labeled MSC injections are immediately entrapped in lung tissue and then clear to the liver within one day, whereas standard iron oxide particle (Resovist) injections are immediately taken up by liver and spleen. Longitudinal MPI-CT imaging also indicated a clearance half-life of MSC iron oxide labels in the liver at 4.6 days. Finally, our ex vivo MPI biodistribution measurements of iron in liver, spleen, heart, and lungs after injection showed excellent agreement (R(2) = 0.943) with measurements from induction coupled plasma spectrometry. These results demonstrate that MPI offers strong utility for noninvasively imaging and quantifying the systemic distribution of cell therapies and other therapeutic agents.
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First in vivo traumatic brain injury imaging via magnetic particle imaging
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“[74] demonstrated the ability to quantitatively track SPIOlabeled human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) administered intravenously in a rat model utilizing MPI and CT.”
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“used MPI technique to dynamically monitor and quantify the biodistribution of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) labeled by SPIONs (Figure 3) [47].”
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“2016 [8]—Comparison of MRI SPION contrast to MPI”
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“When SPION-labeled cells undergo apoptosis in vivo, they are taken up by phagocytes for clearance by the liver (5, 38).”
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Pulsed Excitation in Magnetic Particle Imaging
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Long circulating tracer tailored for magnetic particle imaging
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“In addition, because SPIONs can be used to label cells and other biomaterials, MPI has tremendous potential for applications such as cell tracking [3], nanoparticle drug delivery [4], image-guided procedures [5], monitoring tissue regeneration scaffolds [6], monitoring the brain [7], and blood pool imaging [8, 9].”
BackgroundCellular uptake of magnetic nanoparticles imaged and quantified by magnetic particle imaging
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“MPI has demonstrated promise for applications such as angiography [32,33], stem cell tracking [34 – 36], brain perfusion [37,38], lung perfusion [39], lung ventilation [40,41], cancer imaging [42], gut bleed detection [43], remote magnetic actuation and magnetic catheter steering and guidance [44 –…”
Tomographic Field Free Line Magnetic Particle Imaging With an Open-Sided Scanner Configuration
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“The MPI literature contains sensitivity estimates for rodent scanners as sensitive as 1 pg Fe with high frequency detection, which corresponds to about 50 pg at a conventional (75 kHz) detection frequency [10] although actual animal imagers have not achieved this sensitivity [11, 12].”
BackgroundFerumoxytol Can Be Used for Quantitative Magnetic Particle Imaging of Transplanted Stem Cells
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“i particle imaging (MPI) image adapted with permission from Referenc [22].”
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“As the SPIO tracers are detected directly with MPI, their quantification is simple and straightforward [21].”
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Magnetic Particle Imaging: From Tracer Design to Biomedical Applications in Vasculature Abnormality
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“First approaches to use MPI as a functional and molecular imaging modality have been presented in [8], [9].”
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3D spheroids of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate spinal cord injury in mice
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Calibration-Free Relaxation-Based Multi-Color Magnetic Particle Imaging
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“Hence, low-frequency focus fields are used to shift the FFP to regions that cannot be covered with the small FOV due to the drive field alone [13]–[15].”
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“S (starch coating); -CLD-redF (dextran coated and fluorescently labeled)) [15,36,38].”
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In Vivo Tracking of Tissue Engineered Constructs
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“Although we could not identify a final destination of injected hPMSCs, the spleen and lungs are possible additional end points [70,72].”
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“This has allowed for MPI studies that track SPIO-labeled stem cells for over ~87 days to monitor the long-term fate of therapeutic cells [15, 16].”
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Fast System Calibration With Coded Calibration Scenes for Magnetic Particle Imaging
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“Nowadays, both prototypes and commercial MPI scanners have been reported for in vivo applications in vascular imaging [211–213], oncology [214–217], cell-tracking [211, 218–221], etc.”
Joint Reconstruction of Tracer Distribution and Background in Magnetic Particle Imaging
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“long-term cell tracking [3], [4], lung perfusion [5] and cancer”
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Seeing SPIOs Directly In Vivo with Magnetic Particle Imaging
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“b MPI/CT images of intravenously injected stem cells trapped in the lungs (at day 1) and then cleared to the liver (at day 12) [25].”
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- Authors
- Zheng, B., von See, M. P., Yu, E., Gunel, B., Lu, K., Vazin, T., Schaffer, D. V., Goodwill, P. W., & Conolly, S. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zheng, Bo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Theranostics
- Publisher
- Ivyspring International Publisher
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 291-301
- ISSN
- 1838-7640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4737718
- OpenAlex
- W2275153700
- Cited by
- 322
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 13
- FWCI
- 12.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Theranostics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- tub.dok (Hamburg University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- TUHH Open Research
- Funders
- W. M. Keck Foundation (009323)
- ACT Government
- Siebel Scholars Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (009323, NIH-R01)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R24MH106053)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB019458, R01EB013689)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- magnetic particle imaging, mesenchymal stem cells, stem cell transplantation, cell biodistribution, cell clearance, stem cell therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diagnostic Imaging, Female, Ferric Compounds, Humans, Magnetics, Rats, Inbred F344, Staining and Labeling, Tissue Distribution, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, Mice, Nanoparticles, Administration, Intravenous
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