The Pursuit of Happiness and the Realization of Sympathy: Cultural Patterns of Self, Social Relations, and Well-being
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
People whose behavior fits well with their cultural context's norms tend to experience good or pleasant feelings.
“People whose behavior fits well with their cultural context’s norms tend to experience good or pleasant feelings (De Leersnyder et al., 2014; Fulmer et al., 2010; Kitayama & Markus, 2000).”
From Culture and Healthy Eating: The Role of Independence and Interdependence in the United States and Japan (2016) · cites this paper as Kitayama & Markus, 2000
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Self-Compassion: An Alternative Conceptualization of a Healthy Attitude Toward Oneself
NEFF, K. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309032 · Cited by 5,440 · see citing works
Know thyself and become what you are: a eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0 · Cited by 3,149 · see citing works
Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review
Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0018807 · Cited by 2,200 · see citing works
Is there a universal need for positive self-regard?
Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.106.4.766 · Cited by 2,247 · see citing works
Self-citationCulture and Subjective Well-Being
Tov, W., & Diener, E. (2009) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2352-0_2 · Cited by 1,291 · see citing works
Culture, Emotion, and Well-being: Good Feelings in Japan and the United States
Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., & Kurokawa, M. (2000) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999300379003 · Cited by 1,020 · see citing works
Self-citationHeine, S. J., Kitayama, S., Lehman, D., Takata, T., Ide, E., Leung, C.-W., & Matsumoto, H. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.4.599 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Self-citationPlacing the face in context: Cultural differences in the perception of facial emotion.
Masuda, T., Ellsworth, P. C., Mesquita, B., Janxin Leu, A., Tanida, S., & de Veerdonk, E. V. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.3.365 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., & Toguchi, Y. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.60 · Cited by 885 · see citing works
The role of positive and negative emotions in life satisfaction judgment across nations.
Kuppens, P., Realo, A., & Diener, E. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.66 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Lim, N. (2016) · Integrative Medicine Research · doi:10.1016/j.imr.2016.03.004 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Self-Compassion and Self-Construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan
Neff, K. D., Pisitsungkagarn, K., & Hsieh, Y.-P. (2008) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022108314544 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Cultural constructions of happiness: theory and emprical evidence
Uchida, Y., Norasakkunkit, V., & Kitayama, S. (2004) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-004-8785-9 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Self-citationCulture and conceptions of happiness: individual oriented and social oriented swb
Lu, L., & Gilmour, R. (2004) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-004-8789-5 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Dutton, J. E., Workman, K. M., & Hardin, A. E. (2014) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091221 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Culture, identity consistency, and subjective well-being.
Suh, E. M. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1378 · Cited by 649 · see citing works
Voluntary settlement and the spirit of independence: Evidence from Japan's "northern frontier."
Kitayama, S., Ishii, K., Imada, T., Takemura, K. N., & Ramaswamy, J. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.3.369 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Self-citationHappiness and unhappiness in east and west: themes and variations
Uchida, Y., & Kitayama, S. (2009) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0015634 · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Self-citationThe meaningful life in Japan and the United States: Levels and correlates of meaning in life
Steger, M. F., Kawabata, Y., Shimai, S., & Otake, K. (2007) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.09.003 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Cultural Constructions of Happiness: Theory and Empirical Evidence
Uchida, Y., Norasakkunkit, V., & Kitayama, S. (2013) · Happiness studies book series · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5702-8_14 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Self-citationOn Subjective Well-being and Quality of Life
Camfield, L., & Skevington, S. M. (2008) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105308093860 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Know Thyself and Become What You are: A Eudaimonic Approach to Psychological Well-Being
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2013) · Happiness studies book series · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5702-8_6 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
The Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal, Self-Concept Consistency, and Well-Being.
Cross, S. E., Gore, J. S., & Morris, M. L. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.933 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Concepts of Happiness Across Time and Cultures
Oishi, S., Graham, J., Kesebir, S., & Galinha, I. C. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167213480042 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Positive Psychology, Ethnocentrism, and the Disguised Ideology of Individualism
Christopher, J. C., & Hickinbottom, S. (2008) · Theory & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959354308093396 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Differences in Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking Across 63 Countries
Chopik, W. J., O’Brien, E., & Konrath, S. (2016) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022116673910 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Uchida, Y., Kitayama, S., Mesquita, B., Reyes, J. A. S., & Morling, B. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167208315157 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citationInterdependent Happiness: Theoretical Importance and Measurement Validity
Hitokoto, H., & Uchida, Y. (2015) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-014-9505-8 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Kitayama, S., Karasawa, M., Curhan, K. B., Ryff, C. D., & Markus, H. R. (2010) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00163 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-citation(2013) · Human cognitive processing · doi:10.1075/hcp · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Cultural regulation of emotion: individual, relational, and structural sources.
De Leersnyder, J., Boiger, M., & Mesquita, B. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00055 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
The Pleasant Life, the Engaged Life, and the Meaningful Life: What about the Balanced Life?
Sirgy, M. J., & Wu, J. (2007) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-007-9074-1 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Shmotkin, D. (2005) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.9.4.291 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Origins and development of indigenous psychologies: An international analysis
Allwood, C. M., & Berry, J. W. (2006) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207590544000013 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
The concept of life satisfaction across cultures: An IRT analysis
Oishi, S. (2006) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.02.002 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Cultural Differences in Self-Evaluation
Heine, S. J., Kitayama, S., & Lehman, D. R. (2001) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022101032004004 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationPersonal or interpersonal construal of happiness: A cultural psychological perspective
Uchida, Y., & Ogihara, Y. (2012) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v2.i4.5 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Convergence of Character Strengths in American and Japanese Young Adults
Shimai, S., Otake, K., Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2006) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-005-3647-7 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Wu, C., Parker, S. K., Wu, L., & Lee, C. (2017) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2013.1064 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self–focused attention and emotional reactivity: The role of culture
Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E., & Tsai, J. L. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018534 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Loewe, N., Bagherzadeh, M., Araya-Castillo, L., Thieme, C., & Batista‐Foguet, J. M. (2013) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0408-6 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Pflug, J. (2008) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-008-9306-8 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Place matters: Consensual features and regional variation in American well-being and self.
Plaut, V. C., Markus, H. R., & Lachman, M. E. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.160 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationWord and voice: Spontaneous attention to emotional utterances in two languages
Kitayama, S., & Ishii, K. (2002) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/0269993943000121 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Self-citationWing, H.-C., & Wong, M. (2015) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-015-0867-z
Five meanings of integration in acculturation research
Boski, P. (2008) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.01.005 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
TARGET ARTICLE: The Nonobvious Social Psychology of Happiness
Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2005) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1604_04 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Kral, M., Idlout, L., Minore, J., Dyck, R., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2011) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-011-9431-4 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
A New Theoretical Model of Collectivistic Coping
Yeh, C. J., Arora, A. K., & Wu, K. A. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-26238-5_3 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
The cultural psychology of emotion.
Mesquita, B., & Leu, J. (2007) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Tian, Q. (2014) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105314547245 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
A review of client self-criticism in psychotherapy.
Kannan, D., & Levitt, H. M. (2013) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/a0032355 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Cultural differences in professional help seeking: a comparison of Japan and the U.S
Mojaverian, T., Hashimoto, T., & Kim, H. S. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00615 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Pleasurable Surprises: A Cross-Cultural Study of Consumer Responses to Unexpected Incentives
Valenzuela, A., Mellers, B. A., & Strebel, J. E. (2009) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/605592 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Cultural Perspectives on Aging and Well-Being: A Comparison of Japan and the U.S.
Karasawa, M., Curhan, K. B., Markus, H., Kitayama, S., Love, G., Radler, B. T., & Ryff, C. (2011) · The International Journal of Aging & Human Development · doi:10.2190/ag.73.1.d · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman dignity in concept and practice
Mattson, D. J., & Clark, S. G. (2011) · Policy Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11077-010-9124-0 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Koydemir, S., Şimşek, Ö. F., Schütz, A., & Tipandjan, A. (2011) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-011-9315-1 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
AI-based chatbots in conversational commerce and their effects on product and price perceptions
Sidlauskiene, J., Joye, Y., & Auruškevičienė, V. (2023) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-023-00633-8 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Lu, L., & Gilmour, R. (2006) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-839x.2006.00183.x · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Suh, E. M. (2007) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00477.x · Cited by 124 · see citing works
The neuroscience of sadness: A multidisciplinary synthesis and collaborative review
Arias-López, J. A., Williams, C., Raghvani, R., Aghajani, M., Báez, S., Belzung, C., Booij, L., Busatto, G. F., Chiarella, J., Fu, C. H. Y., et al. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.006 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Negative Emotions Predict Elevated Interleukin-6 in the United States but not in Japan
Miyamoto, Y., Boylan, J., Coe, C., Curhan, K. B., Levine, C. S., Markus, H., Park, J., Kitayama, S., Kawakami, N., Karasawa, M., et al. (2013) · Brain, behavior, and immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.07.173 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationFocusing on the negative: Cultural differences in expressions of sympathy.
Koopmann‐Holm, B., & Tsai, J. L. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037684 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Sun, X., Chan, D. W., & Chan, L.-K. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.011 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Explicit self-criticism and implicit self-regard: Evaluating self and friend in two cultures
Kitayama, S., & Uchida, Y. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-1031(03)00026-x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationCurrent and future directions in culture and happiness research
Oishi, S., & Gilbert, E. A. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.10.005 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
The Interplay Of Cultural Syndromes And Personality In Predicting Life Satisfaction
Benet‐Martínez, V., & Karakitapoğlu‐Aygün, Z. (2003) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022102239154 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Subjective and Objective Hierarchies and Their Relations to Psychological Well-Being
Curhan, K. B., Levine, C. S., Markus, H. R., Kitayama, S., Park, J., Karasawa, M., Kawakami, N., Love, G. D., Coe, C. L., Miyamoto, Y., et al. (2014) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550614538461 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationMoldes, O., & Ku, L. (2020) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21387 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Rappleye, J., Komatsu, H., Uchida, Y., Kryś, K., & Markus, H. R. (2019) · Journal of Education Policy · doi:10.1080/02680939.2019.1576923 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationChoi, E.-S., & Choi, I. (2016) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.10.007 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Cultural Differences in Interpersonal Emotion Regulation
Liddell, B. J., & Williams, E. N. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00999 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Swami, V., Stieger, S., Voracek, M., Dressler, S. G., Eisma, L., & Furnham, A. F. (2008) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-008-9331-7 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Wolsko, C. V., Lardon, C., Hopkins, S. E., & Ruppert, E. (2006) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557850600824005 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Well-Being’s Relation to Religiosity and Spirituality in Children and Adolescents in Zambia
Holder, M. D., Coleman, B., Krupa, T., & Krupa, E. (2015) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-015-9640-x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Somatization in Communicating Distress in Korean and American Cultural Contexts
Choi, E.-S., Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E., & Parrott, W. G. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00383 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Understanding second careers: Lessons from a study of U.S. navy admirals
Baruch, Y., & Quick, J. C. (2007) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.20178 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Validation of Subjective Well-Being Measures Using Item Response Theory
Nima, A. A., Cloninger, K. M., Persson, B. N., Sikström, S., & Garcia, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03036 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
On Pancultural Self-Enhancement
Gaertner, L., Sedikides, C., & Chang, K. (2008) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022108318431 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Koydemir, S., & Schütz, A. (2012) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2011.647050 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Counseling Psychology and Optimal Human Functioning
Walsh, W. B. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410609205 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Development of Emotion Regulation in Cultural Context
Trommsdorff, G., & Rothbaum, F. M. (2008) · doi:10.1002/9781444301786.ch4 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Gebauer, J. E., Sedikides, C., Wagner, J., Bleidorn, W., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000052 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Universals and Cultural Differences in the Causes and Structure of Happiness: A Multilevel Review
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Ryan, K. L. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5195-8_8 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Positive Psychological Interventions in Counseling
Magyar‐Moe, J. L., Owens, R. L., & Conoley, C. W. (2015) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000015573776 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
American and Japanese Women Use Different Coping Strategies During Normal Pregnancy
Morling, B., Kitayama, S., & Miyamoto, Y. (2003) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167203256878 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychopharmacology in a Globalizing World: The Use of Antidepressants in Japan
Kirmayer, L. J. (2002) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/136346150203900302 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The effects of self-construals, self-criticism, and self-compassion on depressive symptoms
Yamaguchi, A., Kim, M.-S., & Akutsu, S. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.03.013 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Bamba, S., & Haight, W. (2006) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2006.10.001 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Wolsko, C. V., Lardon, C., Mohatt, G. V., & Orr, E. (2007) · International Journal of Circumpolar Health · doi:10.3402/ijch.v66i1.18226 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Four Fundamental Distinctions in Conceptions of Wellbeing Across Cultures
Joshanloo, M., de Vliert, E. V., & Jose, P. E. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64537-3_26 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
International Determinants of Subjective Well-Being: Living in a Subjectively Material World
Diego‐Rosell, P., Tortora, R. D., & Bird, J. (2016) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-016-9812-3 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self, Identity, and Emotional Well-Being Among Turkish University Students
Karakitapoğlu‐Aygün, Z. (2004) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.3200/jrlp.138.5.457-480 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Mellers, B. A., Fincher, K. M., Otten, C. D., & Bigony, M. (2013) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-62604-2.00001-0 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Papadopoulou, C., Vardarsuyu, M., & Oghazi, P. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114154 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Happiness Donut: A Confucian Critique of Positive Psychology.
Sundararajan, L. (2005) · Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0091250 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Walker, H., & Kavedžija, I. (2015) · Hau Journal of Ethnographic Theory · doi:10.14318/hau5.3.002 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Development of subjective well‐being and its relationship with self‐esteem in early adolescence
Katsantonis, I., McLellan, R., & Marquez, J. (2022) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjdp.12436 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Cultural Shaping of Self, Emotion, and Well‐Being: How Does It Work?
Kitayama, S., & Park, H. (2007) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00016.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationRashid, T., & Seligman, M. (2018) · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.001.0001 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kitayama, S., & Markus, H. R.
- Affiliations
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Venue
- Culture and Subjective Well-Being
- Publisher
- The MIT Press
- Published
- 2000-09-15
- Pages
- 113-162
- OpenAlex
- W2967487312
- Cited by
- 504
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 17.18
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The MIT Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Keywords
- pursuit of happiness, sympathy, cultural patterns, self, interpersonal relationships, well-being, emotions, cultural psychology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review