The Pursuit of Happiness and the Realization of Sympathy: Cultural Patterns of Self, Social Relations, and Well-being

Self-Compassion: An Alternative Conceptualization of a Healthy Attitude Toward Oneself

NEFF, K. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309032 · Cited by 5,440

Know thyself and become what you are: a eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being

Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0 · Cited by 3,149

Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review

Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0018807 · Cited by 2,200

Is there a universal need for positive self-regard?

Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.106.4.766 · Cited by 2,247

Culture and Subjective Well-Being

Tov, W., & Diener, E. (2009) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2352-0_2 · Cited by 1,305

Culture, Emotion, and Well-being: Good Feelings in Japan and the United States

Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., & Kurokawa, M. (2000) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999300379003 · Cited by 1,020

Divergent consequences of success and failure in Japan and North America: An investigation of self-improving motivations and malleable selves.

Heine, S. J., Kitayama, S., Lehman, D. R., Takata, T., Ide, E., Leung, C., & Matsumoto, H. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.4.599 · Cited by 779

Placing the face in context: Cultural differences in the perception of facial emotion.

Masuda, T., Ellsworth, P. C., Mesquita, B., Leu, J., Tanida, S., & de Veerdonk, E. V. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.3.365 · Cited by 731

Pancultural self-enhancement.

Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., & Toguchi, Y. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.60 · Cited by 885

The role of positive and negative emotions in life satisfaction judgment across nations.

Kuppens, P., Realo, A., & Diener, E. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.66 · Cited by 601

Cultural differences in emotion: differences in emotional arousal level between the East and the West

Lim, N. (2016) · Integrative Medicine Research · doi:10.1016/j.imr.2016.03.004 · Cited by 549

Self-Compassion and Self-Construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan

Neff, K. D., Pisitsungkagarn, K., & Hsieh, Y.-P. (2008) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022108314544 · Cited by 531

Cultural constructions of happiness: theory and emprical evidence

Uchida, Y., Norasakkunkit, V., & Kitayama, S. (2004) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-004-8785-9 · Cited by 525

Culture and conceptions of happiness: individual oriented and social oriented swb

Lu, L., & Gilmour, R. (2004) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-004-8789-5 · Cited by 514

Compassion at Work

Dutton, J. E., Workman, K. M., & Hardin, A. E. (2014) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091221 · Cited by 513

Culture, identity consistency, and subjective well-being.

Suh, E. M. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1378 · Cited by 649

Voluntary settlement and the spirit of independence: Evidence from Japan's "northern frontier."

Kitayama, S., Ishii, K., Imada, T., Takemura, K. N., & Ramaswamy, J. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.3.369 · Cited by 465

Happiness and unhappiness in east and west: themes and variations

Uchida, Y., & Kitayama, S. (2009) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0015634 · Cited by 612

The meaningful life in Japan and the United States: Levels and correlates of meaning in life

Steger, M. F., Kawabata, Y., Shimai, S., & Otake, K. (2007) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.09.003 · Cited by 467

Cultural Constructions of Happiness: Theory and Empirical Evidence

Uchida, Y., Norasakkunkit, V., & Kitayama, S. (2013) · Happiness studies book series · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5702-8_14 · Cited by 403

On Subjective Well-being and Quality of Life

Camfield, L., & Skevington, S. M. (2008) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105308093860 · Cited by 428

Know Thyself and Become What You are: A Eudaimonic Approach to Psychological Well-Being

Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2013) · Happiness studies book series · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5702-8_6 · Cited by 436

The Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal, Self-Concept Consistency, and Well-Being.

Cross, S. E., Gore, J. S., & Morris, M. L. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.933 · Cited by 367

Concepts of Happiness Across Time and Cultures

Oishi, S., Graham, J., Kesebir, S., & Galinha, I. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167213480042 · Cited by 351

Positive Psychology, Ethnocentrism, and the Disguised Ideology of Individualism

Christopher, J. C., & Hickinbottom, S. (2008) · Theory & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959354308093396 · Cited by 373

Differences in Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking Across 63 Countries

Chopik, W. J., O’Brien, E., & Konrath, S. (2016) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022116673910 · Cited by 301

Is Perceived Emotional Support Beneficial? Well-Being and Health in Independent and Interdependent Cultures

Uchida, Y., Kitayama, S., Mesquita, B., Reyes, J. A. S., & Morling, B. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167208315157 · Cited by 291

Interdependent Happiness: Theoretical Importance and Measurement Validity

Hitokoto, H., & Uchida, Y. (2014) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-014-9505-8 · Cited by 283

Independence and Interdependence Predict Health and Wellbeing: Divergent Patterns in the United States and Japan

Kitayama, S., Karasawa, M., Curhan, K. B., Ryff, C. D., & Markus, H. R. (2010) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00163 · Cited by 247

Human Cognitive Processing

(2013) · Human cognitive processing · doi:10.1075/hcp · Cited by 239

Cultural regulation of emotion: individual, relational, and structural sources.

De Leersnyder, J., Boiger, M., & Mesquita, B. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00055 · Cited by 232

The Pleasant Life, the Engaged Life, and the Meaningful Life: What about the Balanced Life?

Sirgy, M. J., & Wu, J. (2007) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-007-9074-1 · Cited by 231

Happiness in the Face of Adversity: Reformulating the Dynamic and Modular Bases of Subjective Well-Being

Shmotkin, D. (2005) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.9.4.291 · Cited by 233

Origins and development of indigenous psychologies: An international analysis

Allwood, C. M., & Berry, J. W. (2006) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207590544000013 · Cited by 221

The concept of life satisfaction across cultures: An IRT analysis

Oishi, S. (2006) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.02.002 · Cited by 221

Cultural Differences in Self-Evaluation

Heine, S. J., Kitayama, S., & Lehman, D. R. (2001) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022101032004004 · Cited by 228

Personal or interpersonal construal of happiness: A cultural psychological perspective

Uchida, Y., & Ogihara, Y. (2012) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v2.i4.5 · Cited by 202

Convergence of Character Strengths in American and Japanese Young Adults

Shimai, S., Otake, K., Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2006) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-005-3647-7 · Cited by 213

When and Why People Engage in Different Forms of Proactive Behavior: Interactive Effects of Self-construals and Work Characteristics

Wu, C., Parker, S. K., Wu, L., & Lee, C. (2017) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2013.1064 · Cited by 200

Self–focused attention and emotional reactivity: The role of culture

Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E., & Tsai, J. L. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018534 · Cited by 185

Life Domain Satisfactions as Predictors of Overall Life Satisfaction Among Workers: Evidence from Chile

Loewe, N., Bagherzadeh, M., Araya-Castillo, L., Thieme, C., & Batista‐Foguet, J. M. (2013) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0408-6 · Cited by 210

Folk Theories of Happiness: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Conceptions of Happiness in Germany and South Africa

Pflug, J. (2008) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-008-9306-8 · Cited by 185

Place matters: Consensual features and regional variation in American well-being and self.

Plaut, V. C., Markus, H. R., & Lachman, M. E. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.160 · Cited by 189

Word and voice: Spontaneous attention to emotional utterances in two languages

Kitayama, S., & Ishii, K. (2002) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/0269993943000121 · Cited by 176

Gender Differences in Happiness and Life Satisfaction Among Adolescents in Hong Kong: Relationships and Self-Concept

Wing, H.-C., & Wong, M. (2015) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-015-0867-z

Five meanings of integration in acculturation research

Boski, P. (2008) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.01.005 · Cited by 173

TARGET ARTICLE: The Nonobvious Social Psychology of Happiness

Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2005) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1604_04 · Cited by 174

Unikkaartuit: Meanings of Well-Being, Unhappiness, Health, and Community Change Among Inuit in Nunavut, Canada

Kral, M., Idlout, L., Minore, J., Dyck, R., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2011) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-011-9431-4 · Cited by 184

A New Theoretical Model of Collectivistic Coping

Yeh, C. J., Arora, A. K., & Wu, K. A. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-26238-5_3 · Cited by 167

The cultural psychology of emotion.

Mesquita, B., & Leu, J. (2007) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · Cited by 157

Intergeneration social support affects the subjective well-being of the elderly: Mediator roles of self-esteem and loneliness

Tian, Q. (2014) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105314547245 · Cited by 156

A review of client self-criticism in psychotherapy.

Kannan, D., & Levitt, H. M. (2013) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/a0032355 · Cited by 153

Cultural differences in professional help seeking: a comparison of Japan and the U.S

Mojaverian, T., Hashimoto, T., & Kim, H. S. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00615 · Cited by 148

Pleasurable Surprises: A Cross-Cultural Study of Consumer Responses to Unexpected Incentives

Valenzuela, A., Mellers, B. A., & Strebel, J. E. (2009) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/605592 · Cited by 143

Cultural Perspectives on Aging and Well-Being: A Comparison of Japan and the U.S.

Karasawa, M., Curhan, K. B., Markus, H., Kitayama, S., Love, G., Radler, B. T., & Ryff, C. (2011) · The International Journal of Aging & Human Development · doi:10.2190/ag.73.1.d · Cited by 139

Human dignity in concept and practice

Mattson, D. J., & Clark, S. G. (2011) · Policy Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11077-010-9124-0 · Cited by 136

Differences in How Trait Emotional Intelligence Predicts Life Satisfaction: The Role of Affect Balance Versus Social Support in India and Germany

Koydemir, S., Şimşek, Ö. F., Schütz, A., & Tipandjan, A. (2011) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-011-9315-1 · Cited by 142

AI-based chatbots in conversational commerce and their effects on product and price perceptions

Sidlauskiene, J., Joye, Y., & Auruškevičienė, V. (2023) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-023-00633-8 · Cited by 163

Individual‐oriented and socially oriented cultural conceptions of subjective well‐being: Conceptual analysis and scale development

Lu, L., & Gilmour, R. (2006) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-839x.2006.00183.x · Cited by 131

Downsides of an Overly Context‐Sensitive Self: Implications From the Culture and Subjective Well‐Being Research

Suh, E. M. (2007) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00477.x · Cited by 124

The neuroscience of sadness: A multidisciplinary synthesis and collaborative review

Arias-López, J. A., Williams, C., Raghvani, R., Aghajani, M., Báez, S., Belzung, C., Booij, L., Busatto, G. F., Chiarella, J., Fu, C. H. Y., et al. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.006 · Cited by 138

Negative emotions predict elevated interleukin-6 in the United States but not in Japan

Miyamoto, Y., Boylan, J. M., Coe, C. L., Curhan, K. B., Levine, C. S., Markus, H. R., Park, J., Kitayama, S., Kawakami, N., Karasawa, M., et al. (2013) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.07.173 · Cited by 126

Focusing on the negative: Cultural differences in expressions of sympathy.

Koopmann‐Holm, B., & Tsai, J. L. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037684 · Cited by 126

Self-compassion and psychological well-being among adolescents in Hong Kong: Exploring gender differences

Sun, X., Chan, D. W., & Chan, L.-K. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.011 · Cited by 143

Explicit self-criticism and implicit self-regard: Evaluating self and friend in two cultures

Kitayama, S., & Uchida, Y. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-1031(03)00026-x · Cited by 119

Current and future directions in culture and happiness research

Oishi, S., & Gilbert, E. A. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.10.005 · Cited by 117

The Interplay Of Cultural Syndromes And Personality In Predicting Life Satisfaction

Benet-Martínez, V., & Karakitapoğlu-Aygün, Z. (2003) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022102239154 · Cited by 135

Subjective and Objective Hierarchies and Their Relations to Psychological Well-Being

Curhan, K. B., Levine, C. S., Markus, H. R., Kitayama, S., Park, J., Karasawa, M., Kawakami, N., Love, G. D., Coe, C. L., Miyamoto, Y., et al. (2014) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550614538461 · Cited by 124

Materialistic cues make us miserable: A meta‐analysis of the experimental evidence for the effects of materialism on individual and societal well‐being

Moldes, O., & Ku, L. (2020) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21387 · Cited by 112

‘Better policies for better lives’?: constructive critique of the OECD’s (mis)measure of student well-being

Rappleye, J., Komatsu, H., Uchida, Y., Kryś, K., & Markus, H. R. (2019) · Journal of Education Policy · doi:10.1080/02680939.2019.1576923 · Cited by 104

The associations between body dissatisfaction, body figure, self‐esteem, and depressed mood in adolescents in the United States and Korea: A moderated mediation analysis

Choi, E.-S., & Choi, I. (2016) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.10.007 · Cited by 113

Cultural Differences in Interpersonal Emotion Regulation

Liddell, B., & Williams, E. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00999 · Cited by 93

Psychometric Evaluation of the Tagalog and German Subjective Happiness Scales and a Cross-Cultural Comparison

Swami, V., Stieger, S., Voracek, M., Dressler, S. G., Eisma, L., & Furnham, A. F. (2008) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-008-9331-7 · Cited by 98

Conceptions of Wellness among the Yup'ik of the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta: The Vitality of Social and Natural Connection

Wolsko, C. V., Lardon, C., Hopkins, S. E., & Ruppert, E. (2006) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557850600824005 · Cited by 95

Well-Being’s Relation to Religiosity and Spirituality in Children and Adolescents in Zambia

Holder, M. D., Coleman, B., Krupa, T., & Krupa, E. (2015) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-015-9640-x · Cited by 95

The Effectiveness of Somatization in Communicating Distress in Korean and American Cultural Contexts

Choi, E.-S., Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E., & Parrott, W. G. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00383 · Cited by 100

Understanding second careers: Lessons from a study of U.S. navy admirals

Baruch, Y., & Quick, J. C. (2007) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.20178 · Cited by 95

Validation of Subjective Well-Being Measures Using Item Response Theory

Nima, A. A., Cloninger, K. M., Persson, B. N., Sikström, S., & Garcia, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03036 · Cited by 89

On Pancultural Self-Enhancement

Gaertner, L., Sedikides, C., & Chang, K. (2008) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022108318431 · Cited by 91

Emotional intelligence predicts components of subjective well-being beyond personality: A two-country study using self- and informant reports

Koydemir, S., & Schütz, A. (2012) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2011.647050 · Cited by 88

Counseling Psychology and Optimal Human Functioning

Walsh, W. B. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410609205 · Cited by 89

Development of Emotion Regulation in Cultural Context

Trommsdorff, G., & Rothbaum, F. M. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444301786.ch4 · Cited by 93

Cultural norm fulfillment, interpersonal belonging, or getting ahead? A large-scale cross-cultural test of three perspectives on the function of self-esteem.

Gebauer, J. E., Sedikides, C., Wagner, J., Bleidorn, W., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000052 · Cited by 84

Universals and Cultural Differences in the Causes and Structure of Happiness: A Multilevel Review

Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Ryan, K. L. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5195-8_8 · Cited by 91

Positive Psychological Interventions in Counseling

Magyar‐Moe, J. L., Owens, R. L., & Conoley, C. W. (2015) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000015573776 · Cited by 97

American and Japanese Women Use Different Coping Strategies During Normal Pregnancy

Morling, B., Kitayama, S., & Miyamoto, Y. (2003) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167203256878 · Cited by 81

Psychopharmacology in a Globalizing World: The Use of Antidepressants in Japan

Kirmayer, L. J. (2002) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/136346150203900302 · Cited by 78

The effects of self-construals, self-criticism, and self-compassion on depressive symptoms

Yamaguchi, A., Kim, M.-S., & Akutsu, S. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.03.013 · Cited by 77

Helping maltreated children to find their Ibasho: Japanese perspectives on supporting the well-being of children in state care

Bamba, S., & Haight, W. (2006) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2006.10.001 · Cited by 75

Stress, coping, and well-being among the Yup`ik of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: the role of enculturation and acculturation

Wolsko, C. V., Lardon, C., Mohatt, G. V., & Orr, E. (2007) · International Journal of Circumpolar Health · doi:10.3402/ijch.v66i1.18226 · Cited by 71

Four Fundamental Distinctions in Conceptions of Wellbeing Across Cultures

Joshanloo, M., de Vliert, E. V., & Jose, P. E. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64537-3_26 · Cited by 70

International Determinants of Subjective Well-Being: Living in a Subjectively Material World

Diego‐Rosell, P., Tortora, R. D., & Bird, J. (2016) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-016-9812-3 · Cited by 74

Self, Identity, and Emotional Well-Being Among Turkish University Students

Karakitapoğlu‐Aygün, Z. (2004) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.3200/jrlp.138.5.457-480 · Cited by 70

Surprise

Mellers, B. A., Fincher, K. M., Otten, C. D., & Bigony, M. (2013) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-62604-2.00001-0 · Cited by 69

Examining the relationships between brand authenticity, perceived value, and brand forgiveness: The role of cross-cultural happiness

Papadopoulou, C., Vardarsuyu, M., & Oghazi, P. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114154 · Cited by 112

Happiness Donut: A Confucian Critique of Positive Psychology.

Sundararajan, L. (2005) · Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0091250 · Cited by 80

Values of happiness

Walker, H., & Kavedžija, I. (2015) · Hau Journal of Ethnographic Theory · doi:10.14318/hau5.3.002 · Cited by 67

Development of subjective well‐being and its relationship with self‐esteem in early adolescence

Katsantonis, I., McLellan, R., & Marquez, J. (2022) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjdp.12436 · Cited by 87

Cultural Shaping of Self, Emotion, and Well‐Being: How Does It Work?

Kitayama, S., & Park, H. (2007) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00016.x · Cited by 89

Positive Psychotherapy

Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. (2018) · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.001.0001 · Cited by 77

Toward a society of happiness

(2015) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9655.003.0009

The Relationship of Happiness to Utility

(2008) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/7752.003.0005

The Elusive Pursuit of Happiness (I)

Miller, J. (2024) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/jj.11033253.102

Goals as Cornerstones of Subjective Well-being: Linking Individuals and Cultures

Oishi, S. (2000) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/2242.003.0009 · Cited by 199

Caring about Oneself—Happiness and Sadness

(2000) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/6548.003.0019