Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the Dinaledi chamber. South Africa.
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Homo naledi is a previously-unknown species of extinct hominin discovered within the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star cave system, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. This species is characterized by body mass and stature similar to small-bodied human populations but a small endocranial volume similar to australopiths. Cranial morphology of H. naledi is unique, but most similar to early Homo species including Homo erectus, Homo habilis or Homo rudolfensis. While primitive, the dentition is generally small and simple in occlusal morphology. H. naledi has humanlike manipulatory adaptations of the hand and wrist. It also exhibits a humanlike foot and lower limb. These humanlike aspects are contrasted in the postcrania with a more primitive or australopith-like trunk, shoulder, pelvis and proximal femur. Representing at least 15 individuals with most skeletal elements repeated multiple times, this is the largest assemblage of a single species of hominins yet discovered in Africa.
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Brain expansion was not universal in fossil Homo, as evidenced by small-brained H. naledi and H. floresiensis.
“brain expansion was not universal in fossil Homo as evidenced by the small-brained Middle and Late Pleistocene hominins Homo naledi (Berger et al., 2015;Montgomery, 2018) and Homo floresiensis (Brown et al., 2004; Figure 1).”
From When and Why Did Human Brains Decrease in Size? A New Change-Point Analysis and Insights From Brain Evolution in Ants (2021) · cites this paper as Berger et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Berger, L. R., Hawks, J., de Ruiter, D. J., Churchill, S. E., Schmid, P., Delezene, L. K., Kivell, T. L., Garvin, H. M., Williams, S. A., DeSilva, J. M., Skinner, M. M., Musiba, C. M., Cameron, N., Holliday, T. W., Harcourt-Smith, W., Ackermann, R. R., Bastir, M., Bogin, B., Bolter, D., Brophy, J., Cofran, Z. D., Congdon, K. A., Deane, A. S., Dembo, M., Drapeau, M., Elliott, M. C., Feuerriegel, E. M., Garcia-Martinez, D., Green, D. J., Gurtov, A., Irish, J. D., Kruger, A., Laird, M. F., Marchi, D., Meyer, M. R., Nalla, S., Negash, E. W., Orr, C. M., Radovcic, D., Schroeder, L., Scott, J. E., Throckmorton, Z., Tocheri, M. W., VanSickle, C., Walker, C. S., Wei, P., & Zipfel, B.
- Affiliations
- University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Duke University (US)
- Mercyhurst University (US)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Tulane University (US)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Loughborough University (GB)
- Louisiana State University (US)
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Australian National University (AU)
- Midwestern University (US)
- University of Pisa (IT)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Lincoln Memorial University (US)
- Smithsonian Institution (US)
- Corresponding author
- Berger, Lee R
- ORCID
- Berger, Lee R
- Hawks, John
- Churchill, Steven E
- Schmid, Peter
- Delezene, Lucas K
- Kivell, Tracy L
- Garvin, Heather M
- Williams, Scott A
- DeSilva, Jeremy M
- Skinner, Matthew M
- Musiba, Charles M
- Holliday, Trenton W
- Ackermann, Rebecca R
- Bastir, Markus
- Bogin, Barry
- Bolter, Debra
- Brophy, Juliet
- Cofran, Zachary D
- Deane, Andrew S
- Dembo, Mana
- Drapeau, Michelle
- Elliott, Marina C
- Feuerriegel, Elen M
- Irish, Joel D
- Laird, Myra F
- Marchi, Damiano
- Meyer, Marc R
- Nalla, Shahed
- Negash, Enquye W
- Orr, Caley M
- Schroeder, Lauren
- Scott, Jill E
- Throckmorton, Zachary
- Tocheri, Matthew W
- VanSickle, Caroline
- Walker, Christopher S
- Wei, Pianpian
- Zipfel, Bernhard
- Venue
- eLife
- Publisher
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
- Published
- 2015-09-10
- Volume
- 4
- ISSN
- 2050-084X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4559886
- OpenAlex
- W2157154485
- Cited by
- 703
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 131 · 2017: 109 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 459.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion)
- Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (submittedVersion)
- Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Liverpool John Moores University (submittedVersion)
- CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
- UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Hispana (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- National Geographic Society
- The National Research Foundation of South Africa
- The Palaeontological Scientific Trust
- Lyda Hill Foundation
- Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF)
- Texas A and M University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Keywords
- Homo naledi, Dinaledi Chamber, Cradle of Humankind, skull morphology, endocranial volume, australopiths, dentition, postcranial skeleton, early Homo
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anthropometry, Humans, Phylogeny, South Africa, Hominidae
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