A new small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia.
Abstract
Currently, it is widely accepted that only one hominin genus, Homo, was present in Pleistocene Asia, represented by two species, Homo erectus and Homo sapiens. Both species are characterized by greater brain size, increased body height and smaller teeth relative to Pliocene Australopithecus in Africa. Here we report the discovery, from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia, of an adult hominin with stature and endocranial volume approximating 1 m and 380 cm3, respectively--equal to the smallest-known australopithecines. The combination of primitive and derived features assigns this hominin to a new species, Homo floresiensis. The most likely explanation for its existence on Flores is long-term isolation, with subsequent endemic dwarfing, of an ancestral H. erectus population. Importantly, H. floresiensis shows that the genus Homo is morphologically more varied and flexible in its adaptive responses than previously thought.
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Brain expansion was not universal in fossil Homo, as evidenced by small-brained H. naledi and H. floresiensis.
“brain expansion was not universal in fossil Homo as evidenced by the small-brained Middle and Late Pleistocene hominins Homo naledi (Berger et al., 2015;Montgomery, 2018) and Homo floresiensis (Brown et al., 2004; Figure 1).”
From When and Why Did Human Brains Decrease in Size? A New Change-Point Analysis and Insights From Brain Evolution in Ants (2021) · cites this paper as Brown et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Brown, P., Sutikna, T., Morwood, M. J., Soejono, R. P., Jatmiko, Wayhu Saptomo, E., & Awe Due, R.
- Affiliations
- University of New England (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, P.
- ORCID
- Sutikna, T.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2004-10
- Volume
- 431
- Issue
- 7012
- Pages
- 1055-1061
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1979544339
- Cited by
- 1,075
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 404.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- EPubDev Repository (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- RUNE (Research UNE) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- Homo floresiensis, Late Pleistocene, Flores, Homo erectus, dwarfism, endocranial volume, body stature, adaptive response
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Body Constitution, Bone and Bones, Biological Evolution, Female, Geography, Humans, Indonesia, Skeleton, Skull, Time Factors, Tooth, Hominidae, History, Ancient
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