Neural evidence accumulation persists after choice to inform metacognitive judgments
Open accessAbstract
The ability to revise one’s certainty or confidence in a preceding choice is a critical feature of adaptive decision-making but the neural mechanisms underpinning this metacognitive process have yet to be characterized. In the present study, we demonstrate that the same build-to-threshold decision variable signal that triggers an initial choice continues to evolve after commitment, and determines the timing and accuracy of self-initiated error detection reports by selectively representing accumulated evidence that the preceding choice was incorrect. We also show that a peri-choice signal generated in medial frontal cortex provides a source of input to this post-decision accumulation process, indicating that metacognitive judgments are not solely based on the accumulation of feedforward sensory evidence. These findings impart novel insights into the generative mechanisms of metacognition.
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The ramping-like characteristics of the centroparietal EEG signal, the Pe, are consistent with postdecisional evidence accumulation in a self-related reference frame.
“Murphy et al. (2015) found that the ramping-like characteristics of a centroparietal electroencephalogram (EEG) signal, the Pe, was consistent with postdecisional evidence accumulation in a self-related reference frame.”
From Metacognition and Confidence: A Review and Synthesis (2024) · cites this paper as Murphy et al. 2015
The postdecisional build-up rate of the Pe is proportional to the speed of subjective error detection, and it reaches a constant amplitude at the point of detection that is independent of error-detection response time.
“The postdecisional build-up rate of this signal was proportional to the speed of subjective error detection, and it reached a constant amplitude at the point of detection that was independent of error-detection response time.”
From Metacognition and Confidence: A Review and Synthesis (2024) · cites this paper as Murphy et al. 2015
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“A previous paper by our group investigated the relationship between the Pe component (referred to here as the second-order CPP) and error detection using the same data and reported a strong correlation between Pe peak latency and RTd (Murphy et al., 2012).”
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- Authors
- Murphy, P. R., Robertson, I. H., Harty, S., & O'Connell, R. G.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University (NL)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Corresponding author
- Murphy, Peter R
- Venue
- eLife
- Publisher
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
- Published
- 2015-12-19
- Volume
- 4
- ISSN
- 2050-084X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4749550
- OpenAlex
- W2207026948
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9
- FWCI
- 7.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Irish Research Council (Postgraduate Fellowship)
- European Research Council (Starting Grant 63829)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- metacognition, evidence accumulation, confidence judgments, error detection, medial frontal cortex, decision-making
- MeSH terms
- Metacognition, Decision Making, Electroencephalography, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Judgment, Healthy Volunteers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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