Forming global estimates of self-performance from local confidence

Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change

Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925 · see citing works

Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change

Bandura, A. (1978) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(78)90002-4 · Cited by 10,586 · see citing works

A neural system for error detection and compensation

Gehring, W. J., Goss, B., Coles, M. G. H., Meyer, D. E., & Donchin, E. (1993) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00586.x · Cited by 2,862 · see citing works

Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

Sowislo, J. F., & Orth, U. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028931 · Cited by 2,123 · see citing works

jsPsych: A JavaScript library for creating behavioral experiments in a Web browser

de Leeuw, J. R. (2014) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-014-0458-y · Cited by 1,783 · see citing works

Model-based influences on humans’ choices and striatal prediction errors

Daw, N. D., Gershman, S. J., Seymour, B., Dayan, P., & Dolan, R. J. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.027 · Cited by 1,779 · see citing works

How to measure metacognition

Fleming, S. M., & Lau, H. C. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00443 · Cited by 1,386 · see citing works

Representation of Confidence Associated with a Decision by Neurons in the Parietal Cortex

Kiani, R., & Shadlen, M. N. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1169405 · Cited by 1,027 · see citing works

Nonnaïveté among Amazon Mechanical Turk workers: Consequences and solutions for behavioral researchers

Chandler, J., Mueller, P., & Paolacci, G. (2014) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-013-0365-7 · Cited by 950 · see citing works

A signal detection theoretic approach for estimating metacognitive sensitivity from confidence ratings

Maniscalco, B., & Lau, H. (2012) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2011.09.021 · Cited by 883 · see citing works

Neural correlates, computation and behavioural impact of decision confidence

Kepecs, A., Uchida, N., Zariwala, H. A., & Mainen, Z. F. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07200 · Cited by 809 · see citing works

Relating Introspective Accuracy to Individual Differences in Brain Structure

Fleming, S. M., Weil, R. S., Nagy, Z., Dolan, R. J., & Rees, G. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1191883 · Cited by 809 · see citing works

Changes of mind in decision-making

Resulaj, A., Kiani, R., Wolpert, D. M., & Shadlen, M. N. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08275 · Cited by 678 · see citing works

Metacognition in human decision-making: confidence and error monitoring

Yeung, N., & Summerfield, C. (2012) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0416 · Cited by 667 · see citing works

Confidence in value-based choice

De Martino, B., Fleming, S. M., Garrett, N., & Dolan, R. J. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3279 · Cited by 534 · see citing works

Confidence and certainty: Distinct probabilistic quantities for different goals

Pouget, A., Drugowitsch, J., & Kepecs, A. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4240 · Cited by 528 · see citing works

Choice Certainty Is Informed by Both Evidence and Decision Time

Kiani, R., Corthell, L., & Shadlen, M. N. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.015 · Cited by 470 · see citing works

Neuropsychological impairments in unipolar depression: the influence of perceived failure on subsequent performance

Elliott, R., Sahakian, B. J., McKay, A. P., Herrod, J. J., Robbins, T. W., & Paykel, E. S. (1996) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700035303 · Cited by 469 · see citing works

The Importance of Falsification in Computational Cognitive Modeling

Palminteri, S., Wyart, V., & Koechlin, E. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.03.011 · Cited by 448 · see citing works

Allostatic Self-efficacy: A Metacognitive Theory of Dyshomeostasis-Induced Fatigue and Depression

Stephan, K. E., Manjaly, Z. M., Mathys, C. D., Weber, L. A. E., Paliwal, S., Gard, T., Tittgemeyer, M., Fleming, S. M., Haker, H., Seth, A. K., et al. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00550 · Cited by 437 · see citing works

Prejudice and truth about the effect of testosterone on human bargaining behaviour

Eisenegger, C., Naef, M., Snozzi, R., Heinrichs, M., & Fehr, E. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08711 · Cited by 430 · see citing works

Metacognition: computation, biology and function

Fleming, S. M., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2012) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0021 · Cited by 344 · see citing works

The combined contributions of the cue-familiarity and accessibility heuristics to feelings of knowing.

Koriat, A., & Nussinson, R. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.27.1.34 · Cited by 316 · see citing works

HMeta-d: hierarchical Bayesian estimation of metacognitive efficiency from confidence ratings

Fleming, S. M. (2017) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/nix007 · Cited by 314 · see citing works

Psychiatric Symptom Dimensions Are Associated With Dissociable Shifts in Metacognition but Not Task Performance

Rouault, M., Seow, T. X. F., Gillan, C. M., & Fleming, S. M. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.12.017 · Cited by 312 · see citing works

The construction of confidence in a perceptual decision

Zylberberg, A., Barttfeld, P., & Sigman, M. (2012) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2012.00079 · Cited by 297 · see citing works

Subjective Confidence Predicts Information Seeking in Decision Making

Desender, K., Boldt, A., & Yeung, N. (2018) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797617744771 · Cited by 296 · see citing works

Behavioural and neural characterization of optimistic reinforcement learning

Lefebvre, G., Lebreton, M. P., Meyniel, F., Bourgeois‐Gironde, S., & Palminteri, S. (2017) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0067 · Cited by 291 · see citing works

Construct validation of a DCM for resting state fMRI

Razi, A., Kahan, J., Rees, G. E., & Friston, K. J. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.027 · Cited by 287 · see citing works

A common mechanism underlies changes of mind about decisions and confidence

van den Berg, R., Anandalingam, K., Zylberberg, A., Kiani, R., Shadlen, M. N., & Wolpert, D. M. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.12192 · Cited by 270 · see citing works

Automatic integration of confidence in the brain valuation signal

Lebreton, M., Abitbol, R., Daunizeau, J., & Pessiglione, M. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4064 · Cited by 265 · see citing works

Failures of metacognition and lack of insight in neuropsychiatric disorders.

David, A. S., Bedford, N., Wiffen, B., & Gilleen, J. (2012) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0002 · Cited by 227 · see citing works

Do congenital prosopagnosia and the other-race effect affect the same face recognition mechanisms?

Esins, J., Schultz, J., Wallraven, C., & lthoff, I. B. ⁄. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00759 · Cited by 210 · see citing works

Distinct encoding of decision confidence in human medial prefrontal cortex

Bang, D., & Fleming, S. M. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1800795115 · Cited by 207 · see citing works

Adaptive integration of habits into depth-limited planning defines a habitual-goal–directed spectrum

Keramati, M., Smittenaar, P., Dolan, R. J., & Dayan, P. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1609094113 · Cited by 203 · see citing works

Differential effects of parietal and frontal inactivations on reaction times distributions in a visual search task

Wardak, C., Hamed, S. B., Olivier, E., & Duhamel, J. (2012) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2012.00039 · Cited by 194 · see citing works

Human Metacognition Across Domains: Insights from Individual Differences and Neuroimaging

Rouault, M., McWilliams, A., Allen, M. G., & Fleming, S. M. (2018) · Personality Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/pen.2018.16 · Cited by 176 · see citing works

Domain-general enhancements of metacognitive ability through adaptive training.

Carpenter, J., Sherman, M. T., Kievit, R. A., Seth, A. K., Lau, H., & Fleming, S. M. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000505 · Cited by 174 · see citing works

Strategic use of reminders: Influence of both domain-general and task-specific metacognitive confidence, independent of objective memory ability

Gilbert, S. J. (2015) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.01.006 · Cited by 170 · see citing works

Neural evidence accumulation persists after choice to inform metacognitive judgments

Murphy, P. R., Robertson, I. H., Harty, S., & O'Connell, R. G. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.11946 · Cited by 170 · see citing works

Self-Other Mergence in the Frontal Cortex during Cooperation and Competition

Wittmann, M. K., Kolling, N., Faber, N. S., Scholl, J., Nelissen, N., & Rushworth, M. F. S. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.022 · Cited by 168 · see citing works

Mesolimbic confidence signals guide perceptual learning in the absence of external feedback

Guggenmos, M., Wilbertz, G., Hebart, M. N., & Sterzer, P. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.13388 · Cited by 164 · see citing works

The Sense of Confidence during Probabilistic Learning: A Normative Account

Meyniel, F., Schlunegger, D., & Dehaene, S. (2015) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004305 · Cited by 163 · see citing works

Confidence Leak in Perceptual Decision Making

Rahnev, D., Koizumi, A., McCurdy, L. Y., D’Esposito, M., & Lau, H. C. (2015) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797615595037 · Cited by 151 · see citing works

Metacognitive therapy in treatment-resistant depression: A platform trial

Wells, A., Fisher, P., Myers, S., Wheatley, J., Patel, T., & Brewin, C. R. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.02.004 · Cited by 145 · see citing works

Neural representations of confidence emerge from the process of decision formation during perceptual choices

Gherman, S., & Philiastides, M. G. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.036 · Cited by 144 · see citing works

The impact of evidence reliability on sensitivity and bias in decision confidence.

Boldt, A., de Gardelle, V., & Yeung, N. (2017) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037/xhp0000404 · Cited by 110 · see citing works

Hierarchical decision processes that operate over distinct timescales underlie choice and changes in strategy

Purcell, B. A., & Kiani, R. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1524685113 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

Striatal activations signal prediction errors on confidence in the absence of external feedback

Daniel, R., & Pollmann, S. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.058 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Confidence Predictions Affect Performance Confidence and Neural Preparation in Perceptual Decision Making

Boldt, A., Schiffer, A.-M., Waszak, F., & Yeung, N. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40681-9 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

Mind matters: placebo enhances reward learning in Parkinson's disease

Schmidt, L., Braun, E. K., Wager, T. D., & Shohamy, D. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3842 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Human Frontal–Subcortical Circuit and Asymmetric Belief Updating

Moutsiana, C., Charpentier, C. J., Garrett, N., Cohen, M. X., & Sharot, T. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1120-15.2015 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

Counterfactual Reasoning Underlies the Learning of Priors in Decision Making

Zylberberg, A., Wolpert, D. M., & Shadlen, M. N. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.035 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

You’d Better Think Twice: Post-Decision Perceptual Confidence

Hirtz, R., Weiß, T., & Witte, O. W. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.049 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Constructivist Coding

Elwin, E., Juslin, P., Olsson, H., & Enkvist, T. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01856.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Metacognitive ability predicts learning cue-stimulus associations in the absence of external feedback

Hainguerlot, M., Vergnaud, J., & de Gardelle, V. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23936-9 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

What is coded into memory in the absence of outcome feedback?

Henriksson, M., Elwin, E., & Juslin, P. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0017893 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

The effect of self-efficacy on visual discrimination sensitivity

Zacharopoulos, G., Binetti, N., Walsh, V., & Kanai, R. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109392 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Confidence Predictions Affect Performance Confidence and Neural Preparation in Perceptual Decision Making.Preprint

Schiffer, A., Boldt, A., Waszak, F., & Yeung, N. (2017) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/mtus8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Metacognition and Confidence: A Review and Synthesis

Fleming, S. M. (2024) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-022423-032425 · Cited by 256 · see citing works

How Local and Global Metacognition Shape Mental Health

Seow, T. X. F., Rouault, M., Gillan, C. M., & Fleming, S. M. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.013 · Cited by 159 · see citing works

Advances in modeling learning and decision-making in neuroscience

Collins, A. G. E., & Shenhav, A. (2021) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01126-y · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Formation of global self-beliefs in the human brain

Rouault, M., & Fleming, S. M. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2003094117 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

How do confidence and self-beliefs relate in psychopathology: a transdiagnostic approach

Hoven, M., Luigjes, J., Denys, D. A. J. P., Rouault, M., & van Holst, R. J. (2023) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-023-00062-8 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

The Impact of Feedback on Perceptual Decision-Making and Metacognition: Reduction in Bias but No Change in Sensitivity

Haddara, N., & Rahnev, D. (2022) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09567976211032887 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Consensus Goals in the Field of Visual Metacognition

Rahnev, D., Balsdon, T., Charles, L., de Gardelle, V., Denison, R., Desender, K., Faivre, N., Filevich, E., Fleming, S. M., Jehee, J., et al. (2022) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916221075615 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Dogmatism manifests in lowered information search under uncertainty

Schulz, L., Rollwage, M., Dolan, R. J., & Fleming, S. M. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2009641117 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Metacognition in functional cognitive disorder

Bhome, R., McWilliams, A., Price, G., Poole, N., Howard, R., Fleming, S., & Huntley, J. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcac041 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Age-related decreases in global metacognition are independent of local metacognition and task performance

McWilliams, A., Bibby, H., Steinbeis, N., David, A. S., & Fleming, S. M. (2023) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105389 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

The future of metacognition research: Balancing construct breadth with measurement rigor

Katyal, S., & Fleming, S. M. (2024) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2023.11.002 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Action information contributes to metacognitive decision-making

Wokke, M. E., Achoui, D., & Cleeremans, A. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60382-y · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Computational mechanisms underlying the dynamics of physical and cognitive fatigue

Matthews, J., Pisauro, M. A., Jurgelis, M., Müller, T., Vassena, E., Chong, T. T. ‐., & Apps, M. A. J. (2023) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105603 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Filling the gaps: Cognitive control as a critical lens for understanding mechanisms of value-based decision-making

Frömer, R., & Shenhav, A. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.006 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Brain dynamics for confidence-weighted learning

Meyniel, F. (2020) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007935 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

A shared brain system forming confidence judgment across cognitive domains

Rouault, M., Lebreton, M. P., & Pessiglione, M. (2022) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhac146 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Towards a common conceptual space for metacognition in perception and memory

Mazancieux, A., Pereira, M., Faivre, N., Mamassian, P., Moulin, C. J. A., & Souchay, C. (2023) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-023-00245-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Manipulating Prior Beliefs Causally Induces Under- and Overconfidence

Marcke, H. V., Denmat, P. L., Verguts, T., & Desender, K. (2024) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09567976241231572 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Global visual confidence

Lee, A. L. F., de Gardelle, V., & Mamassian, P. (2021) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-020-01869-7 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Low self-esteem and the formation of global self-performance estimates in emerging adulthood

Rouault, M., Will, G., Fleming, S. M., & Dolan, R. J. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02031-8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Response-Related Signals Increase Confidence But Not Metacognitive Performance

Filevich, E., Koß, C., & Faivre, N. (2020) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0326-19.2020 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Expectations about precision bias metacognition and awareness.

Olawole‐Scott, H., & Yon, D. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0001371 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Demystifying unsupervised learning: how it helps and hurts

Bröker, F., Holt, L. L., Roads, B. D., Dayan, P., & Love, B. C. (2024) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2024.09.005 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

A Bayesian inference model for metamemory.

Hu, X., Zheng, J., Su, N., Fan, T., Yang, C., Yin, Y., Fleming, S. M., & Luo, L. (2021) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000270 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Differences in metacognitive functioning between obsessive–compulsive disorder patients and highly compulsive individuals from the general population

Hoven, M., Rouault, M., van Holst, R., & Luigjes, J. (2023) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329172300209x · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Cognition in elite soccer players: a general model

Habekost, T., Ovesen, J., & Madsen, J. B. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1477262 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Metacognition and confidence: A review and synthesisPreprint

Fleming, S. M. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ge7tz · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Reliable, rapid, and remote measurement of metacognitive bias

Fox, C., McDonogh, A., Donegan, K. R., Teckentrup, V., Crossen, R. J., Hanlon, A., Gallagher, E., Rouault, M., & Gillan, C. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-64900-0 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Distorted learning from local metacognition supports transdiagnostic underconfidence

Katyal, S., Huys, Q. J. M., Dolan, R., & Fleming, S. M. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-57040-0 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Neurocomputational mechanisms of affected beliefs

Müller‐Pinzler, L., Czekalla, N., Mayer, A. V., Schröder, A., Stolz, D. S., Paulus, F. M., & Krach, S. (2022) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-04165-3 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Optimal metacognitive decision strategies in signal detection theory

Maniscalco, B., Charles, L., & Peters, M. A. K. (2024) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-024-02510-7 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Flexible use of confidence to guide advice requests

Carlebach, N., & Yeung, N. (2022) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105264 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Neural and computational underpinnings of biased confidence in human reinforcement learning

Ting, C.-C., Salem-Garcia, N., Palminteri, S., Engelmann, J. B., & Lebreton, M. P. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-42589-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

The value of confidence: Confidence prediction errors drive value-based learning in the absence of external feedback

Ptasczynski, L. E., Steinecker, I., Sterzer, P., & Guggenmos, M. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010580 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Controllability boosts neural and cognitive signatures of changes-of-mind in uncertain environments

Rouault, M., Weiss, A., Lee, J. K., Drugowitsch, J., Chambon, V., & Wyart, V. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.75038 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Metacognitive Computations for Information Search: Confidence in ControlPreprint

Schulz, L., Fleming, S. M., & Dayan, P. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.433342 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Interoceptive and metacognitive facets of fatigue in multiple sclerosis

Rouault, M., Pereira, I., Galioulline, H., Fleming, S. M., Stephan, K. E., & Manjaly, Z. (2023) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16048 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Children’s subjective uncertainty-driven sampling behaviour

de Eccher, M., Mundry, R., & Mani, N. (2024) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.231283 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Multitasking costs on metacognition in a triple-task paradigm

Konishi, M., Berberian, B., de Gardelle, V., & Sackur, J. (2021) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-021-01967-0 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Confidence guides priority between forthcoming tasks

Aguilar-Lleyda, D., & de Gardelle, V. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97884-2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Affective Bias Through the Lens of Signal Detection Theory

Locke, S., & Robinson, O. (2020) · Computational Psychiatry · doi:10.5334/cpsy.58 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Manipulating prior beliefs causally induces under- and overconfidence

Van Marcke, H., Le Denmat, P., Verguts, T., & Desender, K. (2022) · doi:10.1101/2022.03.01.482511 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Survey measures of metacognitive monitoring are often false

Double, K. S. (2025) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-025-02621-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Depressive Symptoms are Associated with More Negative Global Metacognitive Biases in Combat Veterans, and Biases Covary with Symptom Changes over Time

Agnoli, S., Zuberer, A., Nanni‐Zepeda, M., McGlinchey, R. E., Milberg, W., Esterman, M. S., & Degutis, J. M. (2023) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2023/2925551 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Are the contributions of processing experience and prior beliefs to confidence ratings domain-general or domain-specific?

Hu, X., Yang, C., & Luo, L. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0001257 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Domain Generality in Metacognitive Ability: A Confirmatory Study Across Visual Perception, Memory, and General KnowledgePreprint

Lund, A. E., Corrêa, C. M. C., Fardo, F., Fleming, S. M., & Allen, M. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/p97s5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Metacognitive biases in anxiety-depression and compulsivity extend across perception and memory

Seow, T. X. F., Fleming, S. M., & Hauser, T. U. (2025) · PLOS mental health · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000259 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

From local to global estimations of confidence in perceptual decisions.

Cavalan, Q., Vergnaud, J., & de Gardelle, V. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0001411 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Metacognitive sensitivity and symptoms of mental disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Hohendorf, M., & Bauer, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.991339 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Domain-specific updating of metacognitive self-beliefs

Hoogervorst, K., Banellis, L., & Allen, M. (2024) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105965 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Paradoxical relationship between subjective and objective cognition: the role of sleep

Costa, A. N., McCrae, C. S., Cowan, N., & Curtis, A. F. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.10070 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

The impact of feedback on perceptual decision making and metacognition: Reduction in bias but no change in sensitivityPreprint

Haddara, N., & Rahnev, D. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/p8zyw · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Knowing that you know that you know? An extreme-confidence heuristic can lead to above-chance discrimination of metacognitive performance

Sherman, M. T., & Seth, A. K. (2024) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niae020 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

The role of decision confidence in advice-taking and trust formationPreprint

Pescetelli, N., & Yeung, N. (2019) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/sjgf7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Effects of expected task difficulty on metacognitive confidence and multitaskingPreprint

Sherman, M. T., & Seth, A. K. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/3gfp2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Going ‘meta’: a systematic review of metacognition and functional neurological disorder

Sadnicka, A., Strudwick, A.-M., Grogan, J. P., Manohar, S., & Nielsen, G. (2024) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf014 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Integrating cognitive neuroscience and clinical perspectives on metacognitive mechanisms in psychopathology

Seow, T. X. F., Jelinek, L., Moritz, S., & Hauser, T. U. (2025) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-025-00503-4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Atypical meta-memory evaluation strategy in schizophrenia patients

Zheng, Y., Wang, L., Gerlofs, D. J., Duan, W., Wang, X., Jia, Y., Yan, C., Allé, M. C., Berna, F. S., Wang, J., et al. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.scog.2021.100220 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Humans can monitor trial-based but not global timing errors: Evidence for relative judgements in temporal error monitoring

Öztel, T., & Balcı, F. (2022) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218221145314 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Confidence biases in problem gambling

Friedemann, M., Fox, C., Hanlon, A., Tighe, D., Yeung, N., & Gillan, C. (2024) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2024.00030 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Distorted learning from local metacognition supports transdiagnostic underconfidencePreprint

Katyal, S., Huys, Q. J. M., Dolan, R. J., & Fleming, S. M. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/qcg92 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Do you ever get tired of being wrong? The unique impact of feedback on subjective experiences of effort-based decision-makingPreprint

Xu, A., Frömer, R., Wolff, W., & Shenhav, A. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/5jekt · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Women set a higher bar for confidence: a domain-graded gender difference in local and global metacognitive biasPreprint

Hoogervorst, K., Banellis, L., Fardo, F., Xue, K., Tyrer, A., Rahnev, D., & Allen, M. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/2gwky · Cited by 7 · see citing works

How Sure is the Driver? Modelling Drivers’ Confidence in Left-Turn Gap Acceptance Decisions

Bontje, F., & Zgonnikov, A. (2024) · Computational Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1007/s42113-024-00207-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Gender and anxiety reveal distinct computational sources of underconfidence

Katyal, S., & Fleming, S. M. (2026) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725102808 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Joint contributions of metacognition and self-beliefs to uncertainty-guided checking behavior

Baptista, A., Maheu, M., Mallet, L., & N’Diaye, K. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97958-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Intention offloading: Domain-general versus task-specific confidence signals

Sachdeva, C., & Gilbert, S. J. (2024) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-024-01529-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

The Visualization of Ransomware Infection

VonderLinden, C., Walton, J., Melaragno, A., & Casey, W. (2022) · IEEE Intl Conf on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, Intl Conf on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, Intl Conf on Cloud and Big Data Computing, Intl Conf on Cyber Science and Technology Congress (DASC/PiCom/CBDCom/CyberSciTech) · doi:10.1109/dasc/picom/cbdcom/cy55231.2022.9927749 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Reply to: Metacognition, Adaptation, and Mental Health

Seow, T. X. F., Rouault, M., Gillan, C. M., & Fleming, S. M. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.11.005 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Prospective and Retrospective Metacognitive Abilities and Their Association with Impaired Self-awareness in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

Yoshida, K., Sawamura, D., Ogawa, K., Mototani, T., Ikoma, K., & Sakai, S. (2023) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02064 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Estimating self-performance when making complex decisions

Lu, X., Murawski, C., Bossaerts, P. L., & Suzuki, S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-87601-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Microstructural organization of superior longitudinal fasciculus and cingulum bundle support metacognition driven cognitive offloading

Zheng, Y., Bo, B., Wang, D., Liu, Y.-Y., Shi, L., Gilbert, S. J., Li, Y., & Kwok, S. C. (2025) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-18631-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Preferences for advisor agreement and accuracy

Jaquiery, M., & Yeung, N. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0311211 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Active disambiguation guides inferring controllability and cause in social interactions

Spiering, L., Trier, H. A., O’Reilly, J. X., Kolling, N., Wittmann, M. K., Rushworth, M. F. S., & Scholl, J. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-67853-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Clinical and Cognitive Metacognition in Gaming and Gambling Disorder: A Narrative Review

van Holst, R. J., Cornelissen, K., Bockting, C., & Spada, M. M. (2024) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-024-00597-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Metacognitive performance in Functional Cognitive Disorder (FCD): A meta-analysis

Franekova, K., Petridis, F., Ciobica, A. S., Papagiannopoulos, S., Kazis, D. A., & Mavroudis, I. A. (2025) · Acta Neurologica Belgica · doi:10.1007/s13760-025-02969-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Rewards bias self-evaluations of ability

Luo, J., Mende‐Siedlecki, P., & Hackel, L. M. (2025) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-025-00286-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Blaming luck, claiming skill: Self-attribution bias in error assignment

Okamoto, N., Taylor, M., Kubo, T., Ishii, S., De Martino, B., & Cortese, A. (2025) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013787 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

What inclines us towards collective decisions

Zein, M. E., Rouault, M., Wurzer, D., Haggard, P., & Deroy, O. D. (2023) · Open Research Europe · doi:10.12688/openreseurope.16160.1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Conceptual promises and mechanistic challenges of the creative metacognition framework: Comment on “A systematic framework of creative metacognition” by Izabela Lebuda and Mathias Benedek

Lopez‐Persem, A., Rouault, M., & Emmanuelle Volle, C. (2023) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2023.11.007 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Interoceptive and metacognitive facets of fatigue in multiple sclerosisPreprint

Rouault, M., Pereira, I., Galioulline, H., Fleming, S. M., Stephan, K. E., & Manjaly, Z. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.01.23.23284429 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Confidence-Guided Information SeekingPreprint

Friedemann, M., Bang, D., & Yeung, N. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4610715 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Gender and anxiety reveal distinct computational sources of underconfidencePreprint

Katyal, S., & Fleming, S. M. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/5w2vd · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Two prefrontal-subcortical circuits estimate controllability and reflect its impact on learning

Liu, Y., Spiering, L., Luo, S., Kingston, N., Grohn, J., & Rushworth, M. F. S. (2026) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2026.07.029 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Segregated Co-activation Patterns in the Emergence of Decision Confidence During Visual Perception

Jaeger, C., Glim, S., Dimulescu, C., Ries, A., Sorg, C., & Wohlschläger, A. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2020.557693 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Perceptual and attentional uncertainty impact global performance monitoring

Chancel, M., Filevich, E., & Faivre, N. (2025) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niaf041 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Learning to discriminate the eye‐of‐origin during continuous flash suppression

Sarı, İ. D., Recht, S., & Lunghi, C. (2024) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16373 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Efficient integration of personal factors into the international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF): the importance of emotional and motivational aspects in goal pursuit

Tsuda, A., Manalo, E., Miyai, I., & Noda, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2024.1450157 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Deciding for others alters metacognition leading to responsibility aversion

Bao, S. D., Edelson, M. G., & Hare, T. A. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ady0441 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Metacognition and metacognitive monitoring in aging

Pournaghdali, A., Cheng, G. L., Cosentino, S., & Eich, T. S. (2026) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-026-02968-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Towards an integrative neuroscience of metacognition

Fleming, S. M. (2026) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-026-01081-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Response to: Metacognition in functional cognitive disorder: contradictory or convergent experimental results?

Bhome, R., McWilliams, A., Price, G. W., Poole, N. A., Howard, R. J., Fleming, S. M., & Huntley, J. D. (2022) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcac139 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Overlapping yet dissociable contributions of superiority illusion features to Ponzo illusion strength and metacognitive performance

Matsuyoshi, D., Isato, A., & Yamada, M. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01625-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Give it a second try? The influence of feedback and performance in the decision of reattempting

Chung, W. Y., Darriba, Á., Yeung, N., & Waszak, F. (2024) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105803 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Linking the Congruency Effect in Memory to Confirmation Bias in Decision-Making Across the Lifespan – Common Roles of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Guo, D., & Shing, Y. L. (2024) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000536 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Metacognitive training facilitates optimal cognitive offloading

Ngai, C., & Gilbert, S. J. (2026) · Cognitive Research Principles and Implications · doi:10.1186/s41235-026-00714-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Revisiting verbal recognition memory in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A computational approach

Solway, A., Lin, Z., & Kaplan, C. M. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.04.015 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Negative Global Metacognitive Biases are Associated with Greater Depressive Symptoms and Covary with Symptom Changes over TimePreprint

Agnoli, S., Zuberer, A., Nanni‐Zepeda, M., Milberg, W., McGlinchey, R. E., Esterman, M. S., & Degutis, J. M. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/2agtw · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Estimating self-performance when making complex decisionsPreprint

Lu, X., Murawski, C., Bossaerts, P. L., & Suzuki, S. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/7xatc · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Computational mechanisms underlying the dynamics of physical and cognitive fatiguePreprint

Matthews, J., Pisauro, M. A., Jurgelis, M., Mueller, T., Vassena, E., Chong, T. T. ‐., & Apps, M. A. J. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/n3mj2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Learning about Self-Performance in the Absence of Feedback

Rouault, M., Dayan, P., & Fleming, S. M. (2018) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)

Isolating domain-specific and domain-general contributions to global confidencePreprint

Bavard, S., McWilliams, A., Chartier, F., N’Diaye, K., Fleming, S. M., & Rouault, M. (2025) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/6t9qg_v2

From local to global estimations of confidence in perceptual decisions.

Cavalan, Q., Vergnaud, J., & de Gardelle, V. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0001411 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Estimating self-performance when making complex decisionsPreprint

Lu, X., Murawski, C., Bossaerts, P. L., & Suzuki, S. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/7xatc · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Distorted learning from local metacognition supports transdiagnostic underconfidence

Katyal, S., Huys, Q. J. M., Dolan, R., & Fleming, S. M. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-57040-0 · Cited by 23 · see citing works