Nitric oxide acts as a cotransmitter in a subset of dopaminergic neurons to diversify memory dynamics
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Animals employ diverse learning rules and synaptic plasticity dynamics to record temporal and statistical information about the world. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this diversity are poorly understood. The anatomically defined compartments of the insect mushroom body function as parallel units of associative learning, with different learning rates, memory decay dynamics and flexibility (Aso and Rubin, 2016). Here, we show that nitric oxide (NO) acts as a neurotransmitter in a subset of dopaminergic neurons in Drosophila . NO’s effects develop more slowly than those of dopamine and depend on soluble guanylate cyclase in postsynaptic Kenyon cells. NO acts antagonistically to dopamine; it shortens memory retention and facilitates the rapid updating of memories. The interplay of NO and dopamine enables memories stored in local domains along Kenyon cell axons to be specialized for predicting the value of odors based only on recent events. Our results provide key mechanistic insights into how diverse memory dynamics are established in parallel memory systems.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Co-transmission of a fast-acting transmitter and a neuropeptide was more common.
“Co-transmission of a fast-acting transmitter and a neuropeptide was more common, e.g., Kenyon cells (at least acetylcholine, sparkly and short neuropeptide F),21,25,55,164 the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neuron (GABA, serotonin, sparkly, nplp1, proctolin, orcokinin, eclosion hormone, CG34136)25,56,60 and most central complex, mushroom body output and mushroom body dopaminergic neurons.25,157”
From Neurotransmitter classification from electron microscopy images at synaptic sites in Drosophila melanogaster (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports neuropeptide expression in dopaminergic neurons, and the Results identify neuropeptide transcripts in particular mushroom-body dopaminergic neuron types. These passages support the dopaminergic-neuron example, but they do not establish that fast-acting transmitter–neuropeptide co-transmission was more common or occurred in most such neurons. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNitric oxide is used as a co-transmitter.
“Nitric oxide is used as a co-transmitter,25 we did not include it in our dataset.”
From Neurotransmitter classification from electron microscopy images at synaptic sites in Drosophila melanogaster (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
DPM has been found to express the fast-acting transmitter GABA, the monoamine serotonin and several neuropeptides (sparkly, nplp1, proctolin, orcokinin, eclosion hormone, CG34136).
“DPM has been found to express the fast-acting transmitter GABA the monoamine serotonin and several neuropeptides (sparkly, nplp1, proctolin, orcokinin, eclosion hormone, CG34136).25,56,60”
From Neurotransmitter classification from electron microscopy images at synaptic sites in Drosophila melanogaster (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
The Results section on transcript profiling says DPM cells were examined, but the passages found do not report whether DPM expresses GABA, serotonin, or the listed neuropeptides. Searches for DPM with those transmitters and for the named peptides found Nplp1 expression reported in other cell types, not DPM; the claim cannot be verified from our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredKenyon cells may also express the neuropeptide sparkly.
“Kenyon cells may also express the neuropeptide sparkly.25,174”
From Neurotransmitter classification from electron microscopy images at synaptic sites in Drosophila melanogaster (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
The Results section on transcript profiling reports neuropeptide-gene transcripts in dopaminergic neurons, not expression of sparkly in Kenyon cells. Searches for “sparkly” and “sparkly neuropeptide Kenyon cells” found no passage in our copy addressing that claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2
Love, M. I., Huber, W., & Anders, S. (2014) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8 · Cited by 95,106 · see citing works
Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis
Schindelin, J., Arganda-Carreras, I., Frise, E., Kaynig, V., Longair, M., Pietzsch, T., Preibisch, S., Rueden, C., Saalfeld, S., Schmid, B., et al. (2012) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2019 · Cited by 66,890 · see citing works
STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner
Dobin, A., Davis, C. A., Schlesinger, F., Drenkow, J., Zaleski, C., Jha, S., Batut, P., Chaisson, M., & Gingeras, T. R. (2013) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635 · Cited by 51,709 · see citing works
Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads
Martin, M. (2011) · EMBnet.journal · doi:10.14806/ej.17.1.200 · Cited by 33,889 · see citing works
RSEM: accurate transcript quantification from RNA-Seq data with or without a reference genome
Li, B., & Dewey, C. N. (2011) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-12-323 · Cited by 22,179 · see citing works
Marr, D. (1969) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008820 · Cited by 3,253 · see citing works
Localization of nitric oxide synthase indicating a neural role for nitric oxide
Bredt, D. S., Hwang, P. M., & Snyder, S. H. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/347768a0 · Cited by 2,981 · see citing works
A genome-wide transgenic RNAi library for conditional gene inactivation in Drosophila
Dietzl, G., Chen, D., Schnorrer, F., Su, K.-C., Barinova, Y., Fellner, M., Gasser, B., Kinsey, K., Oppel, S., Scheiblauer, S., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05954 · Cited by 2,644 · see citing works
Lattice light-sheet microscopy: Imaging molecules to embryos at high spatiotemporal resolution
Chen, B., Legant, W. R., Wang, K., Shao, L., Milkie, D. E., Davidson, M. W., Janetopoulos, C., Wu, X., Hammer, J. A., Liu, Z. J., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1257998 · Cited by 1,932 · see citing works
Chen, F., Tillberg, P. W., & Boyden, E. S. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1260088 · Cited by 1,531 · see citing works
Self-citationA GAL4-Driver Line Resource for Drosophila Neurobiology
Jenett, A., Rubin, G. M., Ngo, T.-T. B., Shepherd, D., Murphy, C., Dionne, H., Pfeiffer, B. D., Cavallaro, A., Hall, D., Jeter, J., et al. (2012) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2012.09.011 · Cited by 1,449 · see citing works
Self-citationSpatiotemporal Rescue of Memory Dysfunction in Drosophila
McGuire, S. E., Le, P. T., Osborn, A. J., Matsumoto, K., & Davis, R. L. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1089035 · Cited by 1,318 · see citing works
Mushroom body memoir: from maps to models
Heisenberg, M. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1074 · Cited by 1,286 · see citing works
Classical conditioning and retention in normal and mutantDrosophila melanogaster
Tully, T., & Quinn, W. G. (1985) · Journal of Comparative Physiology A · doi:10.1007/bf01350033 · Cited by 1,189 · see citing works
The neuronal architecture of the mushroom body provides a logic for associative learning
Aso, Y., Hattori, D., Yu, Y., Johnston, R. M., Iyer, N. A., Ngo, T.-T., Dionne, H., Abbott, L., Axel, R., Tanimoto, H., et al. (2014) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.04577 · Cited by 1,051 · see citing works
Self-citationUltrafast neuronal imaging of dopamine dynamics with designed genetically encoded sensors
Patriarchi, T., Cho, J. R., Merten, K., Howe, M. W., Marley, A., Xiong, W.-H., Folk, R. W., Broussard, G. J., Liang, R., Jang, M. J., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aat4422 · Cited by 1,045 · see citing works
Genetic dissection of consolidated memory in Drosophila
Tully, T., Preat, T., Boynton, S. C., & Del Vecchio, M. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90398-0 · Cited by 924 · see citing works
Multiple Parallel Memory Systems in the Brain of the Rat
White, N. M., & McDonald, R. J. (2002) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.2001.4008 · Cited by 888 · see citing works
Endogenous nitric oxide release required for long-term synaptic depression in the cerebellum
Shibuki, K., & Okada, D. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/349326a0 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
Schwaerzel, M., Monastirioti, M., Scholz, H., Friggi-Grelin, F., Birman, S., & Heisenberg, M. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-33-10495.2003 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
Sun, F., Zeng, J., Jing, M., Zhou, J., Feng, J., Owen, S. F., Luo, Y., Li, F., Wang, H., Yamaguchi, T., et al. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.042 · Cited by 837 · see citing works
Associative Odor Learning in Drosophila Abolished by Chemical Ablation of Mushroom Bodies
de Belle, J. S., & Heisenberg, M. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8303280 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
A genome-scale shRNA resource for transgenic RNAi in Drosophila
Ni, J.-Q., Zhou, R., Czech, B., Liu, L., Holderbaum, L., Yang‐Zhou, D., Shim, H.-S., Tao, R., Handler, D., Karpowicz, P. A., et al. (2011) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1592 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
FlyBase 2.0: the next generation
Thurmond, J., Goodman, J. L., Strelets, V. B., Attrill, H. L., Gramates, L. S., Marygold, S. J., Matthews, B. B., Millburn, G., Antonazzo, G., Trovisco, V., et al. (2018) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gky1003 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
Mushroom body output neurons encode valence and guide memory-based action selection in Drosophila
Aso, Y., Sitaraman, D., Ichinose, T., Kaun, K. R., Vogt, K., Belliart-Guérin, G., Plaçais, P.-Y., Robie, A. A., Yamagata, N., Schnaitmann, C., et al. (2014) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.04580 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Self-citationVenken, K. J. T., Schulze, K. L., Haelterman, N. A. T., Pan, H., He, Y., Evans-Holm, M. E., Carlson, J. W., Levis, R. W., Spradling, A. C., Hoskins, R. A., et al. (2011) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1662 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Tillberg, P. W., Chen, F., Piatkevich, K. D., Zhao, Y., Yu, C.-C., English, B. P., Gao, L. A., Martorell, A. J., Suk, H., Yoshida, F., et al. (2016) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3625 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Self-citationConditioned Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster
Quinn, W. G., Harris, W. A., & Benzer, S. (1974) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.71.3.708 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
A subset of dopamine neurons signals reward for odour memory in Drosophila
Liu, C., Plaçais, P.-Y., Yamagata, N., Pfeiffer, B. D., Aso, Y., Friedrich, A. B., Siwanowicz, I., Rubin, G. M., Préat, T., & Tanimoto, H. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11304 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Self-citationLayered reward signalling through octopamine and dopamine in Drosophila
Burke, C. J., Huetteroth, W., Owald, D., Perisse, E., Krashes, M. J., Das, G., Gohl, D., Silies, M., Certel, S., & Waddell, S. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11614 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Localization of a Short-Term Memory in Drosophila
Zars, T. D., Fischer, M., Schulz, R. A., & Heisenberg, M. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5466.672 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
A Neural Circuit Mechanism Integrating Motivational State with Memory Expression in Drosophila
Krashes, M. J., DasGupta, S., Vreede, A., White, B., Armstrong, J. D., & Waddell, S. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.08.035 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Schroll, C., Riemensperger, T. D., Bucher, D. B., Ehmer, J., Völler, T., Erbguth, K., Gerber, B., Hendel, T., Nagel, G., Buchner, E., et al. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.023 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Dopaminergic neurons inhibit striatal output through non-canonical release of GABA
Tritsch, N. X., Ding, J. B., & Sabatini, B. L. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11466 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Cascade Models of Synaptically Stored Memories
Fusi, S., Drew, P. J., & Abbott, L. F. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.001 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
Mao, Z. (2009) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/neuro.04.005.2009 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Dopaminergic terminals in the nucleus accumbens but not the dorsal striatum corelease glutamate
Stuber, G. D., Hnasko, T. S., Britt, J. P., Edwards, R. H., & Bonci, A. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1754-10.2010 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
The complete connectome of a learning and memory centre in an insect brain
Eichler, K., Li, F., Litwin-Kumar, A., Park, Y., Andrade, I. V., Schneider-Mizell, C. M., Saumweber, T., Huser, A., Eschbach, C., Gerber, B., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature23455 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Self-citationWriting Memories with Light-Addressable Reinforcement Circuitry
Claridge-Chang, A., Roorda, R. D., Vrontou, E., Sjulson, L., Li, H., Hirsh, J., & Miesenböck, G. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.08.034 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Self-citationEncoding of fear learning and memory in distributed neuronal circuits
Herry, C., & Johansen, J. P. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3869 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Neuronal assemblies of the <i>Drosophila</i> mushroom body
Tanaka, N. K., Tanimoto, H., & Ito, K. (2008) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21692 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
The Role of Drosophila Mushroom Body Signaling in Olfactory Memory
McGuire, S. E., Le, P. T., & Davis, R. L. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1062622 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Dubnau, J., Grady, L., Kitamoto, T., & Tully, T. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35078077 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Coordinated and compartmentalized neuromodulation shapes sensory processing in Drosophila
Cohn, R., Morantte, I., & Ruta, V. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.019 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Localization of short‐term memory in the brain of the bee, Apis mellifera
Erber, J., Masuhr, T., & Menzel, R. (1980) · Physiological Entomology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1980.tb00244.x · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Nitric oxide synthases reveal a role for calmodulin in controlling electron transfer.
Abu‐Soud, H. M., & Stuehr, D. J. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.22.10769 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Reward learning in normal and mutant Drosophila
Tempel, B. L., Bonini, N. M., Dawson, D. R., & Quinn, W. G. (1983) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.80.5.1482 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Drosophila olfactory memory: single genes to complex neural circuits
Keene, A. C., & Waddell, S. (2007) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2098 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Cortical column and whole-brain imaging with molecular contrast and nanoscale resolution
Gao, R., Asano, S. M., Upadhyayula, S., Pisarev, I., Milkie, D. E., Liu, T., Singh, V. P., Graves, A. R., Huynh, G. H., Zhao, Y., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau8302 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Self-citationA connectome of a learning and memory center in the adult Drosophila brain
Takemura, S.-Y., Aso, Y., Hige, T., Wong, A., Lu, Z., Xu, C. S., Rivlin, P. K., Hess, H., Zhao, T., Parag, T., et al. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.26975 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Self-citationActivity of Defined Mushroom Body Output Neurons Underlies Learned Olfactory Behavior in Drosophila
Owald, D., Felsenberg, J., Talbot, C. B., Das, G., Perisse, E., Huetteroth, W., & Waddell, S. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.025 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Kim, Y.-C., Lee, H.-G., & Han, K. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1167-07.2007 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Heterosynaptic plasticity underlies aversive olfactory learning in Drosophila
Hige, T., Aso, Y., Modi, M. N., Rubin, G. M., & Turner, G. C. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.003 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Self-citationDefining midbrain dopaminergic neuron diversity by single-cell gene expression profiling
Poulin, J.-F., Zou, J., Drouin-Ouellet, J., Kim, K.-Y. A., Cicchetti, F., & Awatramani, R. B. (2014) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.008 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Punishment Prediction by Dopaminergic Neurons in Drosophila
Riemensperger, T. D., Völler, T., Stock, P., Buchner, E., & Fiala, A. (2005) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.09.042 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Vet, L. E. M., LENTEREN, J. C. V., Heymans, M., & Meelis, E. (1983) · Physiological Entomology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1983.tb00338.x · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Specific Dopaminergic Neurons for the Formation of Labile Aversive Memory
Aso, Y., Siwanowicz, I., Bräcker, L. B., Ito, K., Kitamoto, T., & Tanimoto, H. (2010) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.048 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Self-citationLev‐Ram, V., Wong, S. T., Storm, D. R., & Tsien, R. Y. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.122206399 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Dopamine neurons make glutamatergic synapses in vitro
Sulzer, D. L., Joyce, M. P., Lin, L., Geldwert, D., Haber, S. N., Hattori, T., & Rayport, S. (1998) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7916/d8-snm4-r132 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Glutamatergic signaling by mesolimbic dopamine neurons in the nucleus accumbens
Tecuapetla, F., Patel, J. C., Xenias, H., English, D., Tadros, I., Shah, F., Berlin, J., Deisseroth, K., Rice, M. E., Tepper, J. M., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0265-10.2010 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Three Dopamine Pathways Induce Aversive Odor Memories with Different Stability
Aso, Y., Herb, A., Ogueta, M., Siwanowicz, I., Templier, T., Friedrich, A. B., Ito, K., Scholz, H., & Tanimoto, H. (2012) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002768 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Self-citationDopaminergic neurons write and update memories with cell-type-specific rules
Aso, Y., & Rubin, G. M. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.16135 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional consequences of neuropeptide and small-molecule co-transmission
Nusbaum, M. P., Blitz, D. M., & Marder, E. E. (2017) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.56 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Dopamine Neurons Make Glutamatergic SynapsesIn Vitro
Sulzer, D. L., Joyce, M. P., Lin, L., Geldwert, D., Haber, S. N., Hattori, T., & Rayport, S. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-12-04588.1998 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Learning in Neural Networks with Material Synapses
Amit, D., & Fusi, S. (1994) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1994.6.5.957 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Cellular diversity in the Drosophila midbrain revealed by single-cell transcriptomics
Croset, V., Treiber, C. D., & Waddell, S. (2018) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.34550 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Dopamine Is Required for Learning and Forgetting in Drosophila
Berry, J. A., Cervantes-Sandoval, I., Nicholas, E. P., & Davis, R. L. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.007 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Skoulakis, E. M. C., Kalderon, D., & Davis, R. L. (1993) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(93)90178-t · Cited by 293 · see citing works
DAMB, a Novel Dopamine Receptor Expressed Specifically in Drosophila Mushroom Bodies
Han, K., Millar, N. S., Grotewiel, M. S., & Davis, R. L. (1996) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80139-7 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Distinct dopamine neurons mediate reward signals for short- and long-term memories
Yamagata, N., Ichinose, T., Aso, Y., Plaçais, P.-Y., Friedrich, A. B., Sima, R., Préat, T., Rubin, G. M., & Tanimoto, H. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1421930112 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Self-citationExclusive Consolidated Memory Phases in Drosophila
Isabel, G., Pascual, A., & Préat, T. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1094932 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
A genetic, genomic, and computational resource for exploring neural circuit function
Davis, F. P., Nern, A., Picard, S., Reiser, M. B., Rubin, G. M., Eddy, S. R., & Henry, G. L. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.50901 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Self-citationBehavioral consequences of dopamine deficiency in the Drosophila central nervous system
Riemensperger, T. D., Isabel, G., Coulom, H., Neuser, K., Seugnet, L., Kume, K., Torres, M., Cassar, M., Strauß, R., Préat, T., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1010930108 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Self-citationSweet Taste and Nutrient Value Subdivide Rewarding Dopaminergic Neurons in Drosophila
Huetteroth, W., Perisse, E., Lin, S., Klappenbach, M., Burke, C., & Waddell, S. (2015) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.036 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Parallels between cerebellum- and amygdala-dependent conditioning
Medina, J. F., Repa, J. C., Mauk, M. D., & LeDoux, J. E. (2002) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn728 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Mushroom body efferent neurons responsible for aversive olfactory memory retrieval in Drosophila
Séjourné, J., Plaçais, P.-Y., Aso, Y., Siwanowicz, I., Trannoy, S., Thoma, V., Tedjakumala, S. R., Rubin, G. M., Tchénio, P., Ito, K., et al. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2846 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Self-citationPettersson, J. (1970) · Insect Systematics & Evolution · doi:10.1163/187631270x00357 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Forgetting Is Regulated through Rac Activity in Drosophila
Shuai, Y., Lu, B., Hu, Y., Wang, L., Sun, K., & Zhong, Y. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.044 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Regulski, M., & Tully, T. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.20.9072 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Vanover, K. E., Davis, R. E., Zhou, Y., Ye, W., Brašić, J. R., Gapasin, L., Saillard, J., Weingart, M., Litman, R. E., Mates, S. L., et al. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0251-1 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Computational principles of synaptic memory consolidation
Benna, M. K., & Fusi, S. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4401 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Gervasi, N., Tchénio, P., & Préat, T. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.01.014 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Distinct Dopamine Receptor Pathways Underlie the Temporal Sensitivity of Associative Learning
Handler, A., Graham, T. G. W., Cohn, R., Morantte, I. G., Siliciano, A. F., Zeng, J., Li, Y., & Ruta, V. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.040 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Thirty years of olfactory learning and memory research in Drosophila melanogaster
McGuire, S. E., Deshazer, M., & Davis, R. L. (2005) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.09.003 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Tomchik, S. M., & Davis, R. L. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.029 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
A genetic, genomic, and computational resource for exploring neural circuit functionPreprint
Davis, F., Nern, A., Picard, S., Reiser, M. B., Rubin, G., Eddy, S., & Henry, G. L. (2018) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/385476 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationConditional modulation of spike-timing-dependent plasticity for olfactory learning
Cassenaer, S., & Laurent, G. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10776 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Neural correlates of water reward in thirsty Drosophila
Lin, S., Owald, D., Chandra, V., Talbot, C. B., Huetteroth, W., & Waddell, S. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3827 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Gamma Neurons Mediate Dopaminergic Input during Aversive Olfactory Memory Formation in Drosophila
Qin, H., Cressy, M., Li, W., Coravos, J. S., Izzi, S. A., & Dubnau, J. (2012) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.02.014 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Short- and Long-Term Memory in Drosophila Require cAMP Signaling in Distinct Neuron Types
Blum, A. L., Li, W., Cressy, M., & Dubnau, J. (2009) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.016 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Event timing turns punishment to reward
Tanimoto, H., Heisenberg, M., & Gerber, B. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/430983a · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Slow oscillations in two pairs of dopaminergic neurons gate long-term memory formation in Drosophila
Plaçais, P.-Y., Trannoy, S., Isabel, G., Aso, Y., Siwanowicz, I., Belliart-Guérin, G., Vernier, P., Birman, S., Tanimoto, H., & Préat, T. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3055 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationBouzaiane, E., Trannoy, S., Scheunemann, L., Plaçais, P.-Y., & Préat, T. (2015) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.044 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Reward signal in a recurrent circuit drives appetitive long-term memory formation
Ichinose, T., Aso, Y., Yamagata, N., Abe, A., Rubin, G. M., & Tanimoto, H. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.10719 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Phosphatase SHP2 Regulates the Spacing Effect for Long-Term Memory Induction
Pagani, M. R., Oishi, K., Gelb, B. D., & Zhong, Y. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.08.033 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Learning-Related Plasticity in PE1 and Other Mushroom Body-Extrinsic Neurons in the Honeybee Brain
Okada, R., Rybak, J., Manz, G., & Menzel, R. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2216-07.2007 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Pharmacogenetic rescue in time and space of the rutabaga memory impairment by using Gene-Switch
Mao, Z., Roman, G., Zong, L., & Davis, R. L. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0306128101 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Jordan, A. T., Jones, T. H., & Conner, W. E. (2005) · Journal of Insect Science · doi:10.1673/031.005.0101 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Gustatory Learning and Processing in the Drosophila Mushroom Bodies
Kirkhart, C. R., & Scott, K. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3930-14.2015 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Sitaraman, D., Aso, Y., Jin, X. K., Chen, N., Felix, M., Rubin, G. M., & Nitabach, M. N. (2015) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.017 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationParallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long-Term Memories In Drosophila
Trannoy, S., Redt‐Clouet, C., Dura, J., & Préat, T. (2011) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.08.032 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Li, Y., & van den Pol, A. N. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3380-06.2006 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Dopamine Neurons Mediate Learning and Forgetting through Bidirectional Modulation of a Memory Trace
Berry, J. A., Phan, A., & Davis, R. L. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.051 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Roles for Drosophila mushroom body neurons in olfactory learning and memoryPreprint
Akalal, D.-B. G., Wilson, C. F., Zong, L., Tanaka, N. K., Ito, K., & Davis, R. L. (2006) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.221206 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Representations of Novelty and Familiarity in a Mushroom Body Compartment
Hattori, D., Aso, Y., Swartz, K. J., Rubin, G. M., Abbott, L. F., & Axel, R. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.028 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationThe cyclic AMP system andDrosophila learning
Davis, R. L., Cherry, J., Dauwalder, B., Han, P., & Skoulakis, E. M. C. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/bf01076588 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Plaçais, P.-Y., Trannoy, S., Friedrich, A. B., Tanimoto, H., & Préat, T. (2013) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.032 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
The cyclic AMP system and Drosophila learning
Davis, R. L., Cherry, J., Dauwalder, B., Han, P., & Skoulakis, E. M. C. (1995) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2015-3_31 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Wan, Y., Otsuna, H., Chien, C.-B., & Hansen, C. D. (2012) · IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium · doi:10.1109/pacificvis.2012.6183592 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Pai, T.-P., Chen, C.-C., Lin, H., Chin, A., Lai, J. S.-Y., Lee, P.-T., Tully, T., & Chiang, A. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1216336110 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Development of novel FP-based probes for live-cell imaging of nitric oxide dynamics
Eroğlu, E., Gottschalk, B., Charoensin, S., Blaß, S., Bischof, H., Rost, R., Madreiter‐Sokolowski, C. T., Pelzmann, B., Bernhart, E. M., Sattler, W., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10623 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Imaging ERK and PKA Activation in Single Dendritic Spines during Structural Plasticity
Tang, S., & Yasuda, R. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.032 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Long-Term Memory Engram Cells Are Established by c-Fos/CREB Transcriptional Cycling
Miyashita, T., Kikuchi, E., Horiuchi, J., & Saitoe, M. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.022 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Boto, T., Louis, T., Jindachomthong, K., Jalink, K., & Tomchik, S. M. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.021 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Are mushroom bodies cerebellum-like structures?
Farris, S. M. (2011) · Arthropod Structure & Development · doi:10.1016/j.asd.2011.02.004 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Drosophila Learn Opposing Components of a Compound Food Stimulus
Das, G., Klappenbach, M., Vrontou, E., Perisse, E., Clark, C. M., Burke, C. J., & Waddell, S. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.05.078 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Co-Transmission of Dopamine and GABA in Periglomerular Cells
Maher, B. J., & Westbrook, G. L. (2008) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00636.2007 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Scribble Scaffolds a Signalosome for Active Forgetting
Cervantes-Sandoval, I., Chakraborty, M., MacMullen, C., & Davis, R. L. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.010 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Saulnier, J. L., Yellen, G., & Sabatini, B. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2014.00056 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Converging Circuits Mediate Temperature and Shock Aversive Olfactory Conditioning in Drosophila
Galili, D. S., Dylla, K. V., Lüdke, A., Friedrich, A. B., Yamagata, N., Wong, J. Y. H., Ho, C. H., Szyszka, P., & Tanimoto, H. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.062 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
System-Like Consolidation of Olfactory Memories in Drosophila
Cervantes-Sandoval, I., Martín‐Peña, A., Berry, J. A., & Davis, R. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0451-13.2013 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Quantitative mRNA imaging throughout the entire Drosophila brain
Long, X., Colonell, J. I., Wong, A. M., Singer, R. H., & Lionnet, T. (2017) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.4309 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationStasiv, Y., Regulski, M., Ba, K., Tully, T., & Enikolopov, G. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m105066200 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Synaptic Orb2A Bridges Memory Acquisition and Late Memory Consolidation in Drosophila
Krüttner, S., Traunmüller, L., Dag, U., Jandrasits, K., Stepien, B. K., Iyer, N., Fradkin, L. G., Noordermeer, J. N., Mensh, B. D., & Keleman, K. (2015) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.037 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Identification of Genes That Promote or Inhibit Olfactory Memory Formation in Drosophila
Walkinshaw, E., Gai, Y., Farkas, C., Richter, D., Nicholas, E. P., Keleman, K., & Davis, R. L. (2015) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.114.173575 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Neural and Molecular Bases of Nonassociative and Associative Learning in Aplysiaa
Byrne, J. H., Baxter, D. A., Buonomano, D. V., Cleary, L. J., Eskin, A., Goldsmith, J. R., McClendon, E., Nazif, F. A., Noël, F., & Scholz, K. P. (1991) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb25918.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Two Drosophila Genes That Encode the α and β Subunits of the Brain Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase
Shah, S., & Hyde, D. R. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.25.15368 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Efficient Partitioning of Memory Systems and Its Importance for Memory Consolidation
Roxin, A., & Fusi, S. (2013) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003146 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Rabinovich, D., Yaniv, S. P., Alyagor, I., & Schuldiner, O. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.047 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
A Permissive Role of Mushroom Body α/β Core Neurons in Long-Term Memory Consolidation in Drosophila
Huang, C., Zheng, X., Zhao, H., Li, M., Wang, P., Xie, Z., Wang, L., & Zhong, Y. (2012) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.08.048 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Scheunemann, L., Plaçais, P.-Y., Dromard, Y., Schwärzel, M., & Préat, T. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.032 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Bruchpilot, A Synaptic Active Zone Protein for Anesthesia-Resistant Memory
Knapek, S., Sigrist, S. J., & Tanimoto, H. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2585-10.2011 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Akalal, D.-B. G., Yu, D., & Davis, R. L. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3190-10.2011 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Wu, J.-K., Tai, C., Feng, K.-L., Chen, S., Chen, C., & Chiang, A. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07600-2 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Dopaminergic Neurons Encode a Distributed, Asymmetric Representation of Temperature in Drosophila
Tomchik, S. M. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3933-12.2013 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
A new brain dopamine‐deficientDrosophilaand its pharmacological and genetic rescue
Cichewicz, K., Garren, E. J., Adiele, C., Aso, Y., Wang, Z., Wu, M., Birman, S., Rubin, G. M., & Hirsh, J. (2016) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12353 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationKuntz, S., Poeck, B., & Strauß, R. (2017) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.056 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
A memory frontier for complex synapses
Lahiri, S., & Ganguli, S. (2013) · neural information processing systems · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Meissner, G. W., Nern, A., Singer, R. H., Wong, A. M., Malkesman, O., & Long, X. (2018) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.118.301749 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationAbrams, T. W., Yovell, Y., Onyike, C. U., Cohen, J. E., & Jarrard, H. E. (1998) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.4.6.496 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Awata, H., Takakura, M., Kimura, Y., Iwata, I., Masuda, T., & Hirano, Y. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1901292116 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Dopamine Modulates Serotonin Innervation in the Drosophila Brain
Niens, J., Reh, F., Çoban, B., Cichewicz, K., Eckardt, J., Liu, Y.-T., Hirsh, J., & Riemensperger, T. D. (2017) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2017.00076 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationNitric oxide synthase is not essential for Drosophila development
Yakubovich, N., Silva, E. A., & O’Farrell, P. H. (2010) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.12.011 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Synapsin Determines Memory Strength after Punishment- and Relief-Learning
Niewalda, T., Michels, B., Jungnickel, R., Diegelmann, S., Kleber, J., Kähne, T., & Gerber, B. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4454-14.2015 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Kanao, T., Sawada, T., Davies, S.-A., Ichinose, H., Hasegawa, K., Takahashi, R., Hattori, N., & Imai, Y. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030958 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Pavot, P., Carbognin, E., & Martin, J. (2015) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0054-14.2015 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Morton, D. B., Langlais, K. K., Stewart, J. A., & Vermehren‐Schmaedick, A. (2005) · Journal of Insect Science · doi:10.1093/jis/5.1.12 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Morton, D. B., Langlais, K. K., Stewart, J. A., & Vermehren‐Schmaedick, A. (2005) · Journal of Insect Science · doi:10.1673/031.005.1201 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kosakai, K., Tsujiuchi, Y., & Yoshino, M. (2015) · Journal of Insect Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.04.009 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hulse, B. K., Haberkern, H., Franconville, R., Turner-Evans, D., Takemura, S.-Y., Wolff, T., Noorman, M., Dreher, M., Dan, C., Parekh, R., et al. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.66039 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Self-citationThe connectome of the adult Drosophila mushroom body provides insights into function
Li, F., Lindsey, J. W., Marin, E. C., Otto, N., Dreher, M., Dempsey, G., Stark, I., Bates, A. S., Pleijzier, M. W., Schlegel, P., et al. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.62576 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Self-citationEckstein, N., Bates, A. S., Champion, A., Du, M., Yin, Y., Schlegel, P., Lu, A. K.-Y., Rymer, T., Finley-May, S., Paterson, T., et al. (2024) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.016 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
The Drosophila Mushroom Body: From Architecture to Algorithm in a Learning Circuit
Modi, M. N., Shuai, Y., & Turner, G. C. (2020) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-0621333 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
An open-access volume electron microscopy atlas of whole cells and tissues
Xu, C. S., Pang, S., Shtengel, G. E., Müller, A., Ritter, A. T., Hoffman, H. K., Takemura, S.-Y., Lu, Z., Pasolli, H. A., Iyer, N., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03992-4 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
The Neuroanatomical Ultrastructure and Function of a Biological Ring Attractor
Turner-Evans, D. B., Jensen, K. T., Ali, S., Paterson, T., Sheridan, A., Ray, R. P., Wolff, T., Lauritzen, J. S., Rubin, G. M., Bock, D. D., et al. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.08.006 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationThe neuroanatomical ultrastructure and function of a biological ring attractor
Turner-Evans, D. B., Jensen, K. T., Ali, S., Paterson, T., Sheridan, A., Ray, R. P., Wolff, T., Lauritzen, S., Rubin, G. M., Bock, D., et al. (2019) · doi:10.1101/847152 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationA gut-secreted peptide suppresses arousability from sleep
Titos, I., Juginović, A., Vaccaro, A., Nambara, K., Gorelik, P., Mazor, O., & Rogulja, D. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.022 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Davis, R. L. (2023) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/iyad085 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Multisensory learning binds neurons into a cross-modal memory engram
Okray, Z., Jacob, P. F., Stern, C., Desmond, K., Otto, N., Talbot, C. B., Vargas-Gutierrez, P., & Waddell, S. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06013-8 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
RetractedLocal 5-HT signaling bi-directionally regulates the coincidence time window for associative learning
Zeng, J., Li, X., Zhang, R., Lv, M., Wang, Y., Tan, K., Xia, X., Wan, J., Jing, M., Zhang, X., et al. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.12.034 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Localized inhibition in the Drosophila mushroom body
Amin, H., Apostolopoulou, A. A., Suárez-Grimalt, R., Vrontou, E., & Lin, A. C. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.56954 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Neural Circuits Underlying Behavioral Flexibility: Insights From Drosophila
Devineni, A. V., & Scaplen, K. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.821680 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The Role of Dopamine in Associative Learning in Drosophila: An Updated Unified Model
Adel, M., & Griffith, L. C. (2021) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-021-00665-0 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Hierarchical architecture of dopaminergic circuits enables second-order conditioning in Drosophila
Yamada, D., Bushey, D., Li, F., Hibbard, K. L., Sammons, M., Funke, J., Litwin-Kumar, A., Hige, T., & Aso, Y. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.79042 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationSaxon, E., & Peng, X. (2021) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.202100366 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Hulse, B. K., Haberkern, H., Franconville, R., Turner-Evans, D. B., Takemura, S., Wolff, T., Noorman, M., Dreher, M., Dan, C., Parekh, R., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.12.08.413955 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Self-citationMemory suppressor genes: Modulating acquisition, consolidation, and forgetting
Noyes, N. C., Phan, A., & Davis, R. L. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.001 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Lateral Axonal Modulation Is Required for Stimulus-Specific Olfactory Conditioning in Drosophila
Manoim, J. E., Davidson, A. M., Weiss, S., Hige, T., & Parnas, M. (2022) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.007 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Schleyer, M. H., Weiglein, A., Thoener, J., Strauch, M., Hartenstein, V., Weigelt, M. K., Schuller, S., Saumweber, T., Eichler, K., Rohwedder, A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0290-20.2020 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Compartment specific regulation of sleep by mushroom body requires GABA and dopaminergic signaling
Driscoll, M., Buchert, S. N., Coleman, V., McLaughlin, M., Nguyen, A., & Sitaraman, D. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99531-2 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Sanfilippo, P., Kim, A. J., Bhukel, A., Yoo, J., Mirshahidi, P. S., Pandey, V., Bevir, H., Yuen, A., Mirshahidi, P. S., Guo, P., et al. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.12.014 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationPribbenow, C., Chen, Y., Heim, M. ‐., Laber, D., Reubold, S., Reynolds, E., Balles, I. S., Alquicira, T. F.-D. V., Suárez-Grimalt, R., Scheunemann, L., et al. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.80445 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Stahl, A., Noyes, N. C., Boto, T., Botero, V., Broyles, C. N., Jing, M., Zeng, J., King, L. B., Li, Y., Davis, R. L., et al. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.76712 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Xia, X., & Li, Y. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56129-w · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Bornstein, B., Meltzer, H., Adler, R., Alyagor, I., Berkun, V., Cummings, G., Reh, F., Keren‐Shaul, H., David, E., Riemensperger, T. D., et al. (2021) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.2020105763 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Models of heterogeneous dopamine signaling in an insect learning and memory center
Jiang, L., & Litwin-Kumar, A. (2021) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009205 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial state alters vision using three circuit mechanisms in Drosophila
Schretter, C. E., Hindmarsh Sten, T., Klapoetke, N., Shao, M., Nern, A., Dreher, M., Bushey, D., Robie, A. A., Taylor, A. L., Branson, K., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08255-6 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationDistributed control circuits across a brain-and-cord connectome
Bates, A. S., Phelps, J. S., Kim, M., Yang, H. H., Matsliah, A., Ajabi, Z., Perlman, E., Delgado, K. M., Osman, M. A. M., Salmon, C. K., et al. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10735-w · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Presynaptic inhibition of dopamine neurons controls optimistic bias
Yamagata, N., Ezaki, T., Takahashi, T., Wu, H., & Tanimoto, H. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.64907 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
New genetic tools for mushroom body output neurons in Drosophila
Rubin, G. M., & Aso, Y. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90523 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuropeptide F inhibits dopamine neuron interference of long-term memory consolidation in Drosophila
Feng, K.-L., Weng, J., Chen, C.-C., Abubaker, M. B., Lin, H.-W., Charng, C.-C., Lo, C., de Belle, J. S., Tully, T., Lien, C., et al. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103506 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Nitric oxide mediates neuro-glial interaction that shapes Drosophila circadian behavior
Kozlov, A., Koch, R., & Nagoshi, E. (2020) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008312 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Wolff, T., Eddison, M., Chen, N., Nern, A., Sundaramurthi, P., Sitaraman, D., & Rubin, G. M. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.1101/2024.10.21.619448 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationChanging memories on the fly: the neural circuits of memory re-evaluation in Drosophila melanogaster
Felsenberg, J. (2020) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2020.12.003 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ma, D., Herndon, N., Le, J. Q., Abruzzi, K. C., Zinn, K., & Rosbash, M. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ade8500 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
An incentive circuit for memory dynamics in the mushroom body of Drosophila melanogaster
Gkanias, E., McCurdy, L. Y., Nitabach, M. N., & Webb, B. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.75611 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Drosophila reward system - A summary of current knowledge
Dvořáček, J., & Kodrı́k, D. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.032 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Driver lines for studying associative learning in Drosophila
Shuai, Y., Sammons, M., Sterne, G. R., Hibbard, K. L., Yang, H., Yang, C.-P., Managan, C., Siwanowicz, I., Lee, T., Rubin, G. M., et al. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.1101/2023.09.15.557808 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationSuárez-Grimalt, R., Kadow, I. C. G., & Scheunemann, L. (2024) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.053918.124 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Lyu, S., Terao, N., Nakashima, H., Itoh, M., & Tonoki, A. (2023) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2023.02.003 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Dopaminergic neurons dynamically update sensory values during olfactory maneuver
Kato, A., Ohta, K., Okanoya, K., & Kazama, H. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113122 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Octopamine in the mushroom body circuitry for learning and memoryPreprint
Selcho, M. (2024) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.053839.123 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A crabs' high‐order brain center resolved as a mushroom body‐like structure
Maza, F. J., Sztarker, J., Cozzarin, M. E., Lepore, M. G., & Delorenzi, A. (2020) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.24960 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Nitrergic modulation of ion channel function in regulating neuronal excitability
Spiers, J. G., & Steinert, J. R. (2021) · Channels · doi:10.1080/19336950.2021.2002594 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Toward nanoscale localization of memory engrams inDrosophila
Aso, Y., & Rubin, G. M. (2020) · Journal of Neurogenetics · doi:10.1080/01677063.2020.1715973 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationWeiglein, A., Thoener, J., Feldbruegge, I., Warzog, L., Mancini, N., Schleyer, M. H., & Gerber, B. (2020) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.25037 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Active forgetting and neuropsychiatric diseases
Berry, J. A., Guhle, D. C., & Davis, R. L. (2024) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02521-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Jones, T. B., Mackey, T., Juba, A. N., Amin, K., Atyam, A., McDole, M., Yancy, J., Thomas, T. C., & Buhlman, L. M. (2023) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114621 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mohammad, F., Mai, Y., Ho, J., Zhang, X., Ott, S., Stewart, J. C., & Claridge‐Chang, A. (2024) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002843 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Constitutive and Conditional Epitope Tagging of Endogenous G-Protein–Coupled Receptors in Drosophila
Bonanno, S. L., Sanfilippo, P., Eamani, A., Sampson, M. M., Kandagedon, B., Li, K., Burns, G. D., Makar, M. E., Zipursky, S. L., & Krantz, D. E. (2024) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2377-23.2024 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
An open-access volume electron microscopy atlas of whole cells and tissues
Xu, C. S., Pang, S., Shtengel, G. E., Müller, A., Ritter, A. T., Hoffman, H. K., Takemura, S.-Y., Lu, Z., Pasolli, H. A., Iyer, N., et al. (2021) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wolff, T., Eddison, M., Chen, N., Nern, A., Sundaramurthi, P., Sitaraman, D., & Rubin, G. M. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.104764 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationThe connectome of the adult Drosophila mushroom body: implications for functionPreprint
Li, F., Lindsey, J. W., Marin, E. C., Otto, N., Dreher, M., Dempsey, G., Stark, I., Bates, A. S., Pleijzier, M. W., Schlegel, P., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.08.29.273276 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationYamazaki, D., Maeyama, Y., & Tabata, T. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2152-22.2023 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Abdelrahman, N. Y., Vasilaki, E., & Lin, A. C. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2102158118 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cyclic nucleotide‐induced bidirectional long‐term synaptic plasticity in Drosophila mushroom body
Yamada, D., Davidson, A. M., & Hige, T. (2024) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp285745 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Roy, A. P., Chakravorty, A., Mini, A. A., Das, S., Mangaiyarkarasi, R., & Raghavan, V. (2024) · Results in Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101489 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Nitric Oxide Signaling in the Auditory Pathway
Kopp‐Scheinpflug, C., & Forsythe, I. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2021.759342 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Driver lines for studying associative learning in DrosophilaPreprint
Shuai, Y., Sammons, M., Sterne, G. R., Hibbard, K. L., Yang, H., Yang, C.-P., Managan, C., Siwanowicz, I., Lee, T., Rubin, G. M., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.94168 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial state gates vision using three circuit mechanisms in DrosophilaPreprint
Schretter, C. E., Sten, T. H., Klapoetke, N. C., Shao, M., Nern, A., Dreher, M., Bushey, D., Robie, A. A., Taylor, A. L., Branson, K. M., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.03.15.585289 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationZhai, S., Otsuka, S., Xu, J., Clarke, V. R. J., Tkatch, T., Wokosin, D. L., Xie, Z., Tanimura, A., Agarwal, H. K., Ellis‐Davies, G. C. R., et al. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114540 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Female fruit flies copy the acceptance, but not the rejection, of a mate
Nöbel, S., Monier, M., Fargeot, L., Lespagnol, G., Danchin, É., & Isabel, G. (2022) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/arac071 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mechanisms underlying homeostatic plasticity in the Drosophila mushroom body in vivo
Apostolopoulou, A. A., & Lin, A. C. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1921294117 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lin, S. (2023) · Current Opinion in Insect Science · doi:10.1016/j.cois.2023.101104 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Function and regulation of nitric oxide signaling in Drosophila
Jeong, S. (2023) · Molecules and Cells · doi:10.1016/j.mocell.2023.12.004 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Nitroxidative stress in pain and opioid-induced adverse effects: therapeutic opportunities
Squillace, S., & Salvemini, D. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002347 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Enhancing mask activity in dopaminergic neurons extends lifespan in flies
Tian, X. (2021) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13493 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“NO” Time in Fear Response: Possible Implication of Nitric-Oxide-Related Mechanisms in PTSD
Fronza, M. G., Ferreira, B. F., Pavan-Silva, I., Guimarães, F. S., & Lisboa, S. F. D. S. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29010089 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Francés, R., Rabah, Y., Préat, T., & Plaçais, P.-Y. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54778-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal Control of Neuronal Remodeling by Cell Adhesion Molecules: Insights From Drosophila
Meltzer, H., & Schuldiner, O. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.897706 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Foka, K., Georganta, E., Σεμελίδου, Ο., & Skoulakis, E. M. C. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1055-22.2022 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A gut-secreted peptide controls arousability through modulation of dopaminergic neurons in the brainPreprint
Titos, I., & Rogulja, D. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.08.31.275552 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sharma, B., Koren, D. T., & Ghosh, S. (2023) · Biophysical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107114 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hiramatsu, S., Saito, K., Kondo, S., Katow, H., Yamagata, N., Wu, C., & Tanimoto, H. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.98358 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nitric oxide feedback to ciliary photoreceptor cells gates a UV avoidance circuitPreprint
Jokura, K., Słowiński, P., Ueda, N., Gühmann, M., Yáñez-Guerra, L. A., Savage, E., Wedgwood, K. C. A., & Jékely, G. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.08.02.551600 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A systematic study of molecular targets of cannabidiol in Alzheimer's disease
Patil, N., Patil, K., Jain, M., Mohammed, A., Yadav, A., Dhanda, P. S., Kole, C., Dave, K., Kaushik, P., Razab, M. K. A. A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.1177/25424823241284464 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flexible specificity of memory in Drosophila depends on a comparison between choices
Modi, M. N., Rajagopalan, A. E., Rouault, H., Aso, Y., & Turner, G. C. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.80923 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationTonoki, A., Nagai, S., Yu, Z., Tong, Y. A., Lyu, S., Hou, X., Onuki, K., Yabana, K., Takahashi, H., & Itoh, M. (2022) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13691 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Woitkuhn, J., Ender, A., Beuschel, C. B., Maglione, M., Matkovic, T., Huang, S., Lehmann, M., Geiger, J. R. P., & Sigrist, S. J. (2020) · Journal of Neurogenetics · doi:10.1080/01677063.2019.1710146 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sensory encoding and memory in the mushroom body: signals, noise, and variabilityPreprint
Parnas, M., Manoim, J. E., & Lin, A. C. (2024) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.053825.123 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Optogenetically induced reward and ‘frustration’ memory in larval Drosophila melanogaster
Thoener, J., Weiglein, A., Gerber, B., & Schleyer, M. H. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.244565 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Takakura, M., Lam, Y. H., Nakagawa, R., Ng, M. Y., Hu, X., Bhargava, P., Alia, A. G. M., Gu, Y., Wang, Z., Ota, T., et al. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2304851120 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Response of nitrergic system in the brain of rat conditioned to intracranial self‐stimulation
Choudhary, A. G., Awathale, S. N., Dudhabhate, B. B., Pawar, N., Jadhav, G., Upadhya, M. A., Khedkar, T., Gadhikar, Y. A., Sakharkar, A. J., Subhedar, N. K., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.16090 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Nitric oxide feedback to ciliary photoreceptor cells gates a UV avoidance circuitPreprint
Jokura, K., Ueda, N., Gühmann, M., Yáñez-Guerra, L. A., Słowiński, P., Wedgwood, K. C. A., & Jékely, G. (2023) · doi:10.7554/elife.91258.1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kang, A., Choi, H. J., Lee, W. J., Kang, M.-G., Seo, E., Lee, D. J., Choi, Y., Son, S.-H., Kwak, M., Jeong, K. C., et al. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138902 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
An open-access volume electron microscopy atlas of whole cells and tissuesPreprint
Xu, C. S., Pang, S., Shtengel, G. E., Müller, A., Ritter, A. T., Hoffman, H. K., Takemura, S.-Y., Lu, Z., Pasolli, H. A., Iyer, N., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.11.13.382457 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Towards a functional connectome in Drosophila
Vogt, K. (2020) · Journal of Neurogenetics · doi:10.1080/01677063.2020.1712598 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bonanno, S. L., & Krantz, D. E. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02521-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wolff, T., Eddison, M., Chen, N., Nern, A., Sundaramurthi, P., Sitaraman, D., & Rubin, G. M. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.104764.2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuronal Actin Remodeling and Its Role in Higher Nervous Activity
Zhuravlev, A. V. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262211215 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Functional dissection of a neuronal brain circuit mediating higher-order associative learning
Rachad, E. Y., Deimel, S. H., Epple, L., Gadgil, Y. V., Jürgensen, A.-M., Springer, M., Lin, C.-H., Nawrot, M. P., Lin, S., & Fiala, A. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115593 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
New genetic tools for mushroom body output neurons in Drosophila
Rubin, G. M., & Aso, Y. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90523.3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Neural Correlations of Olfactory Associative Reward Memories in Drosophila
Lin, Y.-C., Wu, T., & Wu, C. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13201716 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Molecular Underpinnings of Memory Persistence and Forgetting
Dalto, J. F., Medina, J. H., & Pastor, V. E. (2025) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.70089 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dopamine neurons promotes wakefulness via the DopR receptor in the Drosophila mushroom bodyPreprint
Driscoll, M., Buchert, S. N., Coleman, V., McLaughlin, M., Nguyen, A., & Sitaraman, D. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.04.29.069229 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Driver lines for studying associative learning in DrosophilaPreprint
Shuai, Y., Sammons, M., Sterne, G. R., Hibbard, K. L., Yang, H., Yang, C.-P., Managan, C., Siwanowicz, I., Lee, T., Rubin, G. M., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.94168.1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationRoles of feedback and feed-forward networks of dopamine subsystems: insights fromDrosophilastudiesPreprint
Davidson, A. M., & Hige, T. (2024) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.053807.123 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mancini, N., Thoener, J., Tafani, E., Pauls, D., Mayseless, O., Strauch, M., Eichler, K., Champion, A. S., Kobler, O., Weber, D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2310-22.2023 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
How nitric oxide helps update memories
Green, D. J., & Lin, A. C. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.53832 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Aso, Y., Ray, R. P., Long, X., Bushey, D., Cichewicz, K., Ngo, T.-T., Sharp, B., Christoforou, C., Hu, A., Lemire, A. L., Tillberg, P., Hirsh, J., Litwin-Kumar, A., & Rubin, G. M.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aso, Yoshinori
- Rubin, Gerald M
- ORCID
- Venue
- eLife
- Publisher
- eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
- Published
- 2019-11-14
- Volume
- 8
- ISSN
- 2050-084X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6948953
- OpenAlex
- W2987761357
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 148
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 19
- FWCI
- 6.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2020-10-22)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- eLife (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health (R01 GM84128)
- Simons Foundation (Global Brain)
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- Gatsby Charitable Foundation
- National Science Foundation (DBI-1707398)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- nitric oxide, co-transmitter, dopaminergic neurons, mushroom body, Kenyon cells, soluble guanylate cyclase, dopamine, memory dynamics, associative learning, memory updating, memory decay, parallel memory systems, Drosophila, odor prediction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dopamine, Drosophila melanogaster, Learning, Memory, Nitric Oxide, Odorants, Smell, Neurotransmitter Agents, Mushroom Bodies, Drosophila Proteins, Dopaminergic Neurons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
