Reliability and validity of an equanimity questionnaire: the two-factor equanimity scale (EQUA-S)
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BACKGROUND: Many studies have revealed the positive impact of mindfulness training on mental health and proposed equanimity as a general outcome in contemplative research. Despite recent interest, relatively few studies have empirically examined equanimity and measurement instruments are still lacking. The main goal of this study was to develop an Equanimity Scale (the EQUA-S) in a Western population with or without meditation experience, based on previous definitions of equanimity, in order to investigate its relations with the relevant psychological constructs and health outcomes. METHODS: = 34.81) completed various measures: the EQUA-S, mindfulness, hyper-sensitivity, avoidance and fusion, impulsivity, personality, alexithymia, sensitivity to punishment and reward and frequency of problematic addictive behaviors. The dimensionality of the EQUA-S was examined using Factor Analyses. The convergent validity of this new scale was investigated using Pearson's Correlations. RESULTS: The results of a factor analysis revealed two dimensions of equanimity: an even-minded state of mind (E-MSM) and a hedonic independence (HI) component. While the E-MSM was positively related to emotional stability, adaptive emotional regulation and several mindfulness-related abilities, HI was found to correlate negatively with addictive issues. DISCUSSION: The relations with personality constructs and possible related cognitive processes are discussed.
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NRE has shown the highest magnitude of correlation with the even-mindedness subscale of the EQUA-S equanimity scale (.54; P<.001) among other FFMQ facets (AAW: .22; P<.001, NJU: .30; P<.001).
“Indeed, NRE has shown the highest magnitude of correlation with the even-mindedness subscale of the EQUA-S equanimity scale (.54; P<.001), among other FFMQ facets (AAW: .22; P<.001, NJU: .30; P<.001) [68].”
From Mindful Nonreactivity, Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stress as Mediators of the Mindfulness Virtual Community Intervention—Pathways to Enhance Mental Health in University Students: Secondary Evaluation of Two Randomized Controlled Trials With Student Participants (2025) · cites this paper as [68]
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Візнюк, І. М. (2020) · Теоретичні і прикладні проблеми психології · doi:10.33216/2219-2654-2020-53-3-3-19-30
Development of the Equanimity Barriers Scale (EBS)
Weber, J., & Carson, J. F. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_60-1
Connecting in the Age of Disconnection: The Missing Link
Joshi, R., & Peiris, I. K. (2023) · Scope Contemporary Research Topics (Health and Wellbeing) · doi:10.34074/scop.3008022
Assessment of tranquility and soundscapes in urban open green spaces, case study: Shiraz, IranPreprint
Hassani, M., & Rakhshandehroo, M. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3696260/v1
Equanimity Barriers Scale (EBS)
Weber, J., & Carson, J. F. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_60-2
Juneau, C., Bedi-Padda, T., Smyth, A. P. J., & Knaüper, B. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_59-1
Cayoun, B. A., Elphinstone, B., & Shires, A. G. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_57-2
Bowles, N., Burger, A., Davies, J. N., Simpson, J. A., Galante, J., Dennis, S., Stone, B., & Van Dam, N. T. (2025) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/72786
Li, H., Cheng, G., Wu, Y., Hou, Y., & Yang, D. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02618-4
Li, H., Liu, H., Hou, Y., & Yang, D. (2026) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.70099
Prevalence of alexithymia in allergy and hypersensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Garg, A., Sutar, R. F., Agrawal, A., & Yadav, V. (2026) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_432_24
Smyth, A. P. J., Hughes, S., Thapar, S., & Knaüper, B. (2026) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100992
Weber, J. (2026) · Mental Health and Social Inclusion · doi:10.1108/mhsi-01-2026-0006
Juneau, C. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/c8becf9fzcd49z4708z9b23z6fc71bc2b0e9
Singh, A. N. A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90465-4_189-1
- Authors
- Juneau, C., Pellerin, N., Trives, E., Ricard, M., Shankland, R., & Dambrun, M.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie et de Psychologie Cognitives et Sociales (FR)
- Mind and Life Institute, Shechen Monastery, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Université Grenoble Alpes (FR)
- LAPSCO CNRS UMR 6024, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Venue
- PeerJ
- Publisher
- PeerJ
- Published
- 2020-07-07
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- e9405
- ISSN
- 2167-8359 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7350915
- OpenAlex
- W3039605350
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 2.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PeerJ (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- MindRxiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- MindRxiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- equanimity, mindfulness, emotional stability, emotion regulation, impulsivity, alexithymia, addiction, avoidance, fusion, scale development, reliability and validity
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