Cross-cultural validity of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire: Adaptation and validation in a French-speaking sample
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L'évitement expérientiel est un phénomène commun aux troubles psychopathologiques.
“Parmi les mécanismes ciblés par l'ACT, il existerait un phénomène commun aux troubles psychopathologiques [6,7,18,19,24,25,28] : l'évitement expérientiel.”
From Adaptation française et analyse des qualités psychométriques du questionnaire d’évitement et de fusion (AFQ) dans une population adulte (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
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The Italian five facet mindfulness questionnaire: A contribution to its validity and reliability
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“Additionally, the five-factor conceptualization of mindfulness has demonstrated cross-cultural validity in French (Heeren et al., 2011), Dutch (de Bruin et al., 2012), and Chinese (Deng, Liu, Rodriguez, & Xia, 2011) samples.”
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“Heeren et al. (2011) reported a good internal consistency, with a value of Cronbach’s alpha higher than .75 for all factors (between .76 and .89).”
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“The five main components of mindfulness skills were assessed with the French validated version of the FFMQ (Baer et al., 2006; French translation and validation in Heeren et al., 2011).”
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“This study is conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the French Institute for Health and Medical Research (IRB Inserm n° 0000388FWA00005831) and the Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL n° 908450 and n° 909…”
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Mindfulness skills are associated with female orgasm?
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Mindfulness Practice and Its Relationship to the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
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A network approach to the five-facet model of mindfulness
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Self-citationDispositional Mindfulness and Subjective Time in Healthy Individuals
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“The French version of the scale has been validated (Baylé et al., 2000).”
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Self-citationMindfulness training, cognitive performance and stress reduction
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Mindfulness and Young Adult Dating Relationship Stability: a Longitudinal Path Analysis
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La dimension interpersonnelle de la pleine conscience
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Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
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“For instance, Heeren et al. (2011b) translated the FFMQ into French and found support for the five-factor structure using confirmatory factor analyses.”
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Mindfulness and Emotional Distress: the Mediating Role of Psychological well-Being
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Cumulative Childhood Trauma and Couple Satisfaction: Examining the Mediating Role of Mindfulness
Godbout, N., Harvey, F. M., Cyr, G., & Bélanger, C. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01390-x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“The French version of the FFMQ presents good psychometric properties (Heeren et al. 2011), and a confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor structure of the construct in several populations (e.g., Bohlmeijer et al. 2011; Gu et al. 2016).”
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“The French version of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire-short form (FFMQSF; [40,41]) was administered to participants to assess mindfulness skills in everyday life.”
MethodInteroceptive reliance as a major determinant of emotional eating in adult obesity
Willem, C., Nandrino, J., Doba, K., Roussel, M., Triquet, C., Verkindt, H., Pattou, F. N., & Gandolphe, M. (2020) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105320903093 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“The Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) (Baer et al., 2008; French validation by Heeren et al., 2011) was used to assess interoceptive sensibility through the filter of the mindfulness concept.”
MethodImpact of couple conflict and mediation on how romantic partners are seen: An fMRI study
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A Mindfulness-Based Intervention: Differential Effects on Affective and Processual Evolution
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Inter-individual predictors of pain inhibition during performance of a competing cognitive task
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A French validation of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)
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Self-citationThe impact of state and dispositional mindfulness on prospective memory: A virtual reality study
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Psychometric properties of Persian version of five facets of mindfulness questionnaire
Khanjani, S., Foroughi, A., Bazani, M., Rafiee, S., Tamannaeifar, S., & Habibi, M. (2022) · Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/jrms.jrms_10_20 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
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“Additionally, the state of mindfulness and emotional regulation capabilities were assessed using the French translation of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al., 2006; Heeren et al., 2011) and a shortened and validated French version of the Affective Style Questionnaire (Hofmann and Kashdan, 2010; Mako…”
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“1) through multiple indices (including Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness of Fit (AGFI), Parsimony Goodness of Fit Index (PGFI, see [34], in [35]), Parsimony Ratio (PRATIO, see [36]) and”
Eeckhout, C., Francaux, M., Heeren, A., & Philippot, P. (2013) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2013.01.001 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluation of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to treat chronic insomnia
Larouche, M., Lorrain, D., Côté, G., & Bélisle, D. (2015) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2015.03.002 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Mindfulness: the Mediating Roles of Adaptive and Maladaptive Cognitive Factors
Maltais, M., Bouchard, G., & Saint‐Aubin, J. (2017) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-017-9665-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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Self-citationPsychometric properties of the transaddiction craving triggers questionnaire in alcohol use disorder
von Hammerstein, C., Cornil, A., Rothen, S., Romo, L., Khazaal, Y., Benyamina, A., Billieux, J., & Luquiens, A. (2019) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1815 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Training emotion regulation processes in alcohol-abstinent individuals: A pilot study
Nandrino, J., Claisse, C., Duprez, C., Defrance, L., Brunelle, E., Naassïla, M., & Gandolphe, M. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106652 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
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A Randomized Controlled Study of a French Compassionate Mind Training
Leboeuf, I., Andreotti, E., Irons, C., Beaumont, E., & Antoine, P. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01987-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Validation of the Polish adaptation of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
Radoń, S. (2017) · Roczniki Psychologiczne · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Danielson, C. M., & Jones, S. M. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781119102991.ch26 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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“The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form (FFMQ-SF) (Bohlmeijer et al., 2011) is a 24-item questionnaire that is a shorter version of the full-length FFMQ and is validated in English and French (Bohlmeijer et al., 2011; Heeren et al., 2011).”
Bourgault, M., & Dionne, F. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1015-z · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Brief mindfulness training can mitigate the influence of prior expectations on pain perception
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“The FFMQ is a useful and widespread instrument for measuring mindfulness that has been translated into several languages, including French [24].”
MethodInfluentialVerger, N. B., Shankland, R., Strub, L., Kotsou, I., Leys, C., & Steiler, D. (2021) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2021.100709 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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“Since the data did not justify the assumption of multivariate normality (Lubke and Muthén 2004), the estimation method of unweighted least squares (ULS) was employed as suggested by Browne (1982, as cited in Heeren et al. 2011).”
BackgroundMethodDispositional Mindfulness Profiles and Cannabis Use in Young Adults
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Development and validation of the Vicarious Distress Questionnaire.
Grynberg, D., Heeren, A., & Luminet, O. (2012) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/a0027509 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationBarillot, L., Chauvet, C., Besnier, M., Jaafari, N., Solinas, M., & Chatard, A. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069249 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Darses, F., Bernier, M., Berthelot, V., Fornette, M.-P., Launay, Y., Dozias, B., Chastres, V., & Fournier, J. (2023) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106204 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Vancappel, A., Hingray, C., Réveillère, C., & El‐Hage, W. (2023) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2023.2231907 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“The French version has been shown to have good psychometric properties (Heeren et al., 2011).”
BackgroundBronchain, J., & Chabrol, H. (2020) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001169 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Brophy, K., Emery, M., MacDonald, C., Côté, C. I., & Körner, A. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0305776 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ragot-Court, I., Rodon, C., Elslande, P. V., & Zhuo, J. (2021) · European Transport Research Review · doi:10.1186/s12544-021-00508-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using the unweighted least squares (ULS) estimation method (Browne, 1982, cited in [22, 31].”
MethodBronchain, J., Monié, B., Becquié, S., Chabrol, H., & Raynal, P. (2019) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000499663 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Relationship between Mindfulness and Burnout among Master of Social Work Students
Piatkowska, J. (2000) · doi:10.15760/etd.1961 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Evaluating the Use of Mindfulness and Yoga Training on Forensic Inpatients: A Pilot Study
Spinelli, C., Paradis-Gagné, É., Per, M., Fleischmann, M. H., Manova, V., Wallace, A., & Khoury, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.614409 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Mindfulness The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire [FFMQ; (35, 36)] is a 39-item measure of dispositional mindfulness that assesses five facets, specifically: (1) observing, (2) describing, (3) acting with awareness, (4) non-judging of, and (5) non-reactivity to inner experience.”
BackgroundMorin, L., Laurin, J. C., Doucerain, M. M., & Grégoire, S. (2023) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075231156404 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Mindfulness was measured using the French-validated Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form (FFMQ; Bohlmeijer et al., 2011; Heeren et al., 2011).”
MethodBaeza‐Velasco, C., Genty, C., Jaussent, I., Benramdane, M., Courtet, P., & Olié, É. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02529-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Vancappel, A., Chavigny, C., Chami, L., Kazour, F., & El‐Hage, W. (2024) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2024.2407779 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The French version has been shown to have good psychometric properties (Heeren et al., 2011).”
Renault, R., Laurin, J. C., Khoury, B., & Spinelli, C. (2022) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070.2022.2121684 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Finally, a French version of the questionnaire was used (Heeren, Douilliez, Peschard, Debrauwere, & Philippot, 2011), which showed good validity and reliability across multiple French-speaking samples.”
Hamonnière, T., & Billieux, J. (2023) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2827 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Electroencephalography microstates highlight specific mindfulness traits
Zarka, D., Cevallos, C., Ruiz, P., Petieau, M., Cebolla, A. M., Bengoetxea, A., & Cheron, G. A. (2024) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16247 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…and after (T2) the 8 weeks, all participants were asked to complete the French version of the FFMQ (39 items, 1 – 5 range scale, Baer et al., 2006; Heeren et al., 2011), as well as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD, 14 items, 0 – 3 range scale, Zigmond & Snaith, 1983), the…”
BackgroundMethodHeeren, A., Dethier, V., Galanti, L. M., Billieux, J., & Philippot (2014) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s63090 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationAyache, J., Abichou, K., la Corte, V., Piolino, P., & Sperduti, M. (2021) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-021-01504-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The psychometric properties of the Vietnamese Version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
Nguyen, H. T. M., Nguyen, H. V., & Bui, T. T. H. (2022) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-022-01003-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mange, J., Mauny, N., Montcharmont, C., Legrand, E., Lemercier-Dugarin, M., Mortier, A., Duvivier, M., Leveneur, J., Lacherez, C., Cabé, N., et al. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07887-9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ [39, 40]) is a 39-item measure of a person’s level of dispositional mindfulness (i.e., personality trait).”
BackgroundRaman, K., Siegert, R. J., Saha, P. K., & Krägeloh, C. U. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01757-8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Suc, A., Cayzac, D., Iannuzzi, S., Garnier, C., Bonneau, B., & Sommet, A. (2022) · Archives de Pédiatrie · doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2022.06.006 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Rodon, C., & Congard, A. (2019) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1093/iwc/iwz031 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Trichotillomania: A Bayesian Case-Control Study
Heeren, A., Busana, C., Coussement, C., & Philippot, P. (2015) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb.bj · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationFrench validation of the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire
Nardelli, C., Montreuil, T. C., Naoufal, M., Berking, M., Baeyens, C., & Bortolon, C. (2024) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2023.100877 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Baer, R. A., Gu, J., & Strauss, C. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47219-0_15 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Heeren, A., Douilliez, C., Peschard, V., Debrauwere, L., & Philippot, P.
- Affiliations
- Fund for Scientific Research (BE)
- Université Lille Nord de France (FR)
- UCLouvain (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Heeren, A.
- Venue
- European Review of Applied Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 147-151
- ISSN
- 1162-9088 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2113082205
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Review of Applied Psychology (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- mindfulness, French adaptation, cross-cultural adaptation, psychometric validation, structural validity, mindfulness measurement
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