All-Cause Mortality Associated With Physical Activity During Leisure Time, Work, Sports, and Cycling to Work
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Physical activity is associated with low mortality in men, but little is known about the association in women, different age groups, and everyday activity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between levels of physical activity during work, leisure time, cycling to work, and sports participation and all-cause mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study to assess different types of physical activity associated with risk of mortality during follow-up after the subsequent examination. Mean follow-up from examination was 14.5 years. SETTING: Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 13,375 women and 17,265 men, 20 to 93 years of age, who were randomly selected. Physical activity was assessed by self-report, and health status, including blood pressure, total cholesterol level, triglyceride levels, body mass index, smoking, and educational level, was evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 2,881 women and 5,668 men died. Compared with the sedentary, age- and sex-adjusted mortality rates in leisure time physical activity groups 2 to 4 were 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.71), 0.61 (95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.66), and 0.53 (95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.68), respectively, with no difference between sexes and age groups. Within the moderately and highly active persons, sports participants experienced only half the mortality of nonparticipants. Bicycling to work decreased risk of mortality in approximately 40% after multivariate adjustment, including leisure time physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Leisure time physical activity was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in both men and women in all age groups. Benefit was found from moderate leisure time physical activity, with further benefit from sports activity and bicycling as transportation.
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With an expected 10% mortality rate after five years, 600 participants would be needed in the combined MICT and HIIT group and control group to detect a 50% reduction in mortality (from 10% to 5%), with power 90%.
“With an expected 10% mortality rate after five years, we determined that 600 participants would be needed in the combined MICT and HIIT group and control group to detect a 50% reduction in mortality (from 10% to 5%),5 18 with power 90%.”
From Effect of exercise training for five years on all cause mortality in older adults—the Generation 100 study: randomised controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Andersen, L. B., Schnohr, P., Schroll, M., & Hein, H. O.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Andersen, Lars Bo
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2000-06-12
- Volume
- 160
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1621
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2143492556
- Cited by
- 1,035
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 73
- FWCI
- 9.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Sports and Physical Education Studies
- Keywords
- physical activity, all-cause mortality, leisure-time physical activity, occupational physical activity, sports participation, bicycle commuting, cycling, sedentary behavior, sex differences, age groups
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bicycling, Cause of Death, Denmark, Physical Exertion, Female, Humans, Leisure Activities, Male, Middle Aged, Random Allocation, Risk, Sports, Urban Population, Work, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution
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