Cited by 2,499Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsPsychological Testing and Assessment

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Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Khachaturian, Z. S.·1985·Archives of Neurology

DOI 10.1001/archneur.1985.04060100083029

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Abstract

Early and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a major impact on the progress of research on dementia. To address the problems involved in diagnosing AD in its earliest stages, the National Institute on Aging, the American Association of Retired Persons, the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, and the National Institute of Mental Health jointly sponsored a workshop for planning research. The purpose of the meeting was to identify the most important scientific research opportunities and the crucial clinical and technical issues that influence the progress of research on the diagnosis of AD. The 37 participants included some of the most knowledgeable and eminent scientists and physicians actively involved in the study of AD. The participants were divided among six panels representing the disciplines of neurochemistry, neuropathology, neuroradiology, neurology, neuropsychology, and psychiatry. Within each of the panels, participants discussed specific areas of research requiring further

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Russo, A., Palumbo, M., Aliano, C., Lempereur, L., Scoto, G. M., & Renis, M. (2003) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00123-1 · Cited by 60
Expression of presenilin-1 and -2 mRNAs in rat and Alzheimer's disease brains
Takami, K., Terai, K., Matsuo, A., Walker, D. G., & McGeer, P. L. (1997) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(96)01274-7 · Cited by 59
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphisms in two genetically and diagnostically distinct cohort of Alzheimer patients.
Seripa, D., Forno, G. D., Matera, M. G., Gravina, C., Margaglione, M., Palermo, M., Wekstein, D., Antuono, P., Davis, D., Daniele, A., et al. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(03)00040-x · Cited by 61
“All cases included in our study had a neuropathological diagnosis of definite AD [24].”
Background
JKK1, an upstream activator of JNK/SAPK, is activated in Alzheimer's disease
Zhu, X.-W., Ogawa, O., Wang, Y., Perry, G., & Smith, M. A. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01645.x · Cited by 61
“…¼ 14; ages ¼ 54–91, mean ¼ 69 ± 10.5 (± SEM); postmortem interval ¼ 3–25 HR, mean ¼ 7.4 ± 2 h (± SEM)] patients from the CWRU Brain Bank, as assessed on clinical and pathological criteria established by CERAD and an NIA consensus panel (Khachaturian 1985; Braak and Braak 1991; Mirra et al. 1991).”
MethodInfluential
Apolipoprotein E-immunoreactivity in aged rhesus monkey cortex: Colocalization with amyloid plaques
Mufson, E. J., Benzing, W. C., Cole, G. M., Wang, H., Emerich, D. F., Sladek, J. R., Morrison, J. H., & Kordower, J. H. (1994) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(94)00064-6 · Cited by 58
Criteria for the neuropathological diagnosis of dementing disorders: routes out of the swamp?
Jellinger, K. A. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-008-0466-z · Cited by 60
Two novel presenilin-1 mutations (Y256S and Q222H) are associated with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease
Miklossy, J., Taddei, K., Suvà, D., Verdile, G., Fonte, J., Fisher, C., Gnjec, A., Ghika, J. A., Suard, F., Mehta, P. D., et al. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00192-6 · Cited by 56
Distribution, levels, and activation of MEK1 in Alzheimer's disease
Zhu, X.-W., Sun, Z., Lee, H.-G., Siedlak, S., Perry, G., & Smith, M. A. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01820.x · Cited by 60
“All cases were assessed on clinical and pathological criteria established by CERAD and an NIA consensus panel (Khachaturian 1985; Braak and Braak 1991; Mirra et al. 1991).”
Method
The Frequency of Point Mutations in Mitochondrial DNA Is Elevated in the Alzheimer's Brain
Chang, S.-W., Zhang, D., Chung, H. D., & Zassenhaus, H. P. (2000) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.2885 · Cited by 58
Loss of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor sites and decreased PKC levels correlate with staging of Alzheimer's disease neurofibrillary pathology.
Kurumatani, T., Fastbom, J., Bonkale, W., Bogdanovic, N., Winblad, B., Ohm, T., & Cowburn, R. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00347-3 · Cited by 60
Eyeblink Classical Conditioning in Alzheimer's Disease and Cerebrovascular Dementia
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Galanin‐Like Immunoreactivity Is Increased in the Postmortem Cerebral Cortex from Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
Gabriel, S., Bierer, L., Davidson, M., Purohit, D., Perl, D., & Harotunian, V. (1994) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62041516.x · Cited by 60
NMDA, AMPA, and benzodiazepine binding site changes in Alzheimer's disease visual cortex
Carlson, M. D., Penney, J. B., & Young, A. B. (1993) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(93)90120-z · Cited by 58
“AD pathology was defined according to previous neuropathologic criteria (29).”
BackgroundMethod
Alterations in cholesterol metabolism–related genes in sporadic Alzheimer's disease
Picard, C., Julien, C., Frappier, J., Miron, J., Théroux, L., Dea, D., Breitner, J. C. S., & Poirier, J. (2018) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.01.018 · Cited by 60
Sensitivity–Specificity of Tau and Amyloid β Positron Emission Tomography in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Ghirelli, A., Tosakulwong, N., Weigand, S. D., Clark, H. M., Ali, F., Botha, H., Duffy, J. R., Utianski, R. L., Buciuc, M., Murray, M. E., et al. (2020) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25893 · Cited by 59
Amyloid Imaging with PET in Early Alzheimer Disease Diagnosis
Rowe, C. C., & Villemagne, V. L. (2013) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2012.12.017 · Cited by 62
Statin use and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: The MIRAGE Study
Green, R. C., McNagny, S. E., Jayakumar, P., Cupples, L. A., Benke, K. S., Farrer, L. A., & MIRAGE Study Group (2006) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2006.02.003 · Cited by 55
“The diagnosis in these three participants was verified by review of medical records as having probable or definite AD by research criteria [26, 29 ,30], so these were classified with the probands as having AD. Therefore, this analysis includes 895 subjects with AD and 1,483 nondemented relatives of AD patients.”
Method
Free D-amino acids in human cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, and healthy control subjects.
Fisher, G., Petrucelli, L., Gardner, C., Emory, C., Frey, W. H., II, Amaducci, L., Sorbi, S., Sorrentino, G., Borghi, M., & D'Aniello, A. (1994) · Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology · doi:10.1007/bf02815405 · Cited by 59
Dopamine D2 receptors in the hippocampus and amygdala in Alzheimer's disease
Joyce, J. N., Kaeger, C., Ryoo, H., & Goldsmith, S. K. (1993) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90199-u · Cited by 53
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in Alzheimer’s disease: a genetic and proteomic multi-cohort study
Picard, C., Poirier, A., Bélanger, S., Labonté, A., Auld, D., Poirier, J., & on behalf of the PREVENT-AD Research Group (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220254 · Cited by 59
Imaginem oblivionis: the prospects of neuroimaging for early detection of Alzheimer's disease
Villemagne, V. L., Rowe, C. C., Macfarlane, S., Novakovic, K. E., & Masters, C. L. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2004.03.011 · Cited by 50
beta-amyloid load is not influenced by the severity of cardiovascular disease in aged and demented patients.
Irina, A., Seppo, H., Arto, M., Paavo, R., & Hilkka, S. (1999) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.30.3.613 · Cited by 58
Apolipoprotein E genotype, Alzheimer's pathologies and related gene expression in the aged population.
Oyama, F., Shimada, H., Oyama, R., & Ihara, Y. (1995) · Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(94)00233-5 · Cited by 58
Sparse shared structure based multi-task learning for MRI based cognitive performance prediction of Alzheimer’s disease
Cao, P., Shan, X., Zhao, D., Huang, M., & Zai͏̈ane, O. R. (2017) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2017.07.018 · Cited by 55
Nonlinearity-aware based dimensionality reduction and over-sampling for AD/MCI classification from MRI measures
Cao, P., Liu, X.-L., Yang, J.-Z., Zhao, D.-Z., Huang, M.-X., Zhang, J., & Zaiane, O. R. (2017) · Comput. Biol. Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.10.002 · Cited by 57
Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: An Introduction
Daffner, K., & Scinto, L. (2000) · doi:10.1385/1-59259-005-5:1 · Cited by 57
Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor (CRF), CRF‐Binding Protein (CRF‐BP), and CRF/CRF‐BP Complex in Alzheimer's Disease and Control Postmortem Human Brain
Behan, D., Khongsaly, O., Owens, M. J., Chung, H., Nemeroff, C., & de Souza, E. D. (1997) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68052053.x · Cited by 57
On the metabolism of apolipoprotein E and the Alzheimer diseases
Roses, A. D. (1995) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(95)90019-5 · Cited by 52
Phosphorylation of Neuronal Cytoskeletal Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease and Lewy Body Dementiasa
Trojanowski, J. Q., & LEE, V. M. ‐. (1994) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44403.x · Cited by 54
Apolipoprotein E gene in diffuse Lewy body disease with or without co-existing Alzheimer's disease.
Arai, H., Higuchi, S., Muramatsu, T., Iwatsubo, T., Sasaki, H., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90799-4 · Cited by 57
Greater Abnormalities of Brain Cerebrospinal Fluid Volumes in Younger Than in Older Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
Sullivan, E. V., Shear, P. K., Mathalon, D. H., Lim, K. O., Yesavage, J. A., Tinklenberg, J. R., & Adolf Pfefferbaum, A. (1993) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1993.00540040021009 · Cited by 54
Alzheimer's disease-like dystrophic neurites characteristically associated with senile plaques are not found within other neurodegenerative disease unless amyloid β-protein deposition is present
Benzing, W. C., Mufson, E. J., & Armstrong, D. M. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91563-8 · Cited by 56
A subset of senile dementia with high incidence of the apolipoprotein E ϵ2 allele
Ikeda, K., Akiyama, H., Arai, T., Sahara, N., Mori, H., Usami, M., Sakata, M., Mizutani, T., Wakabayashi, K., & Takahashi, H. (1997) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410410522 · Cited by 55
Selective loss of NMDA receptor NR1 subunit isoforms in Alzheimer's disease
Hynd, M., Scott, H., & Dodd, P. R. (2004) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2003.02330.x · Cited by 56
“To confirm a diagnosis of AD, a combined CERAD/Khachaturian schema was employed, with the presence of neocortical neurofibrillary tangles considered obligatory (Khachaturian 1985).”
Method
NEUROPATHOLOGY OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS
Perl, D. P. (2000) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70229-2 · Cited by 60
Activation barriers to structural transition determine deposition rates of Alzheimer's disease a beta amyloid.
Esler, W., Felix, A., Stimson, E. R., Lachenmann, M., Ghilardi, J. R., Lu, Y.-A., Vinters, H., Mantyh, P., Lee, J. P., & Maggio, J. (2000) · Journal of Structural Biology · doi:10.1006/jsbi.2000.4276 · Cited by 56
Challenging the cholinergic hypothesis in Alzheimer disease.
Davies, P. (1999) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.1001/jama.281.15.1433 · Cited by 56
Non-plaque dystrophic dendrites in Alzheimer hippocampus: a new pathological structure revealed by glutamate receptor immunocytochemistry.
Aronica, E., Dickson, D., Kress, Y., Morrison, J. H., & Zukin, R. (1997) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00260-1 · Cited by 56
Apolipoprotein E immunoreactivity within neurofibrillary tangles: relationship to tau and PHF in Alzheimer's disease
Benzing, W. C., & Mufson, E. J. (1995) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(95)90021-7 · Cited by 53
A decade from discovery to therapy: Lingo-1, the dark horse in neurological and psychiatric disorders
Andrews, J. L., & Fernandez, F. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.009 · Cited by 58
“…is the most prevalent cause of dementia in humans and is typically characterized by the early loss of neocortical synapses, the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and the accumulation of neuritic plaques within the hippocampus and temporal cortical regions of the brain (Khachaturian, 1985).”
Excitotoxic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of dementia
Dodd, P. R., Scott, H. L., & Westphalen, R. I. (1994) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/0197-0186(94)90064-7 · Cited by 50
Synaptic loss reflected by secretoneurin‐like immunoreactivity in the human hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease
Kaufmann, W. A., Barnas, U., Humpel, C., Nowakowski, K., Decool, C., Gurka, P., Ransmayr, G. N., Hinterhuber, H., Winkler, H. J. S., & Marksteiner, J. (1998) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00121.x · Cited by 53
“In each Alzheimer’s disease case, neuropathological examination using the National Institute on Ageing criteria confirmed the original clinical diagnosis (Khachaturian, 1985).”
Method
Decreased expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 messenger RNA in select regions of Alzheimer brain
Ułas, J., & Cotman, C. W. (1997) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00023-7 · Cited by 51
THE CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Keefover, R. W. (1996) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70260-7 · Cited by 47
Are the associations between Alzheimer's disease and polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E and the apolipoprotein CII genes due to linkage disequilibrium?
Tsuda, T., Lopez, R., Rogaeva, E. A., Freedman, M., Rogaev, E. I., Drachman, D. A., Pollen, D. A., Haines, J. L., Liang, Y., McLachlan, D. R. C., et al. (1994) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410360118 · Cited by 54
Receptor-mediated activation of G proteins is reduced in postmortem brains from Alzheimer's disease patients.
Wang, H.-Y., & Friedman, E. (1994) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(94)90144-9 · Cited by 54
Lewy bodies in the brain of two members of a family with the 717 (Val to Ile) mutation of the amyloid precursor protein gene.
Lantos, P., Ovenstone, I. M. K., Johnson, J., Clelland, C., Roques, P., & Rossor, M. (1994) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(94)90666-1 · Cited by 54
A topographical study of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampi of patients with Alzheimer's disease and cognitively impaired patients with schizophrenia
Casanova, M. F., Carosella, N. W., Gold, J. M., Kleinman, J. E., Weinberger, D. R., & Powers, R. E. (1993) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(93)90029-g · Cited by 45
Amyloid imaging: Past, present and future perspectives
Villemagne, V. L. (2016) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.01.005 · Cited by 68
“Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia in the elderly, is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline (Khachaturian, 1985), leading invariably to death, usually within 7–10 years after diagnosis.”
Background
Amyloid-β imaging with PET in Alzheimer’s disease: is it feasible with current radiotracers and technologies?
Moghbel, M. C., Saboury, B., Basu, S. K., Metzler, S. D., Torigian, D. A., Långström, B., & Alavi, A. A. (2011) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-011-1960-4 · Cited by 53
“For decades, the most widely accepted definite diagnosis of AD has been the histological observation of senile plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles comprising tau [2–4].”
Background
Synaptic vesicle transport and synaptic membrane transporter sites in excitatory amino acid nerve terminals in Alzheimer disease
Westphalen, R., Scott, H., & Dodd, P. (2003) · Journal of neural transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-003-0012-z · Cited by 53
“Confirmation of diagnosis used the quantitative criteria of Khachaturian (1985) as an absolute minimum requirement.”
Method
Interpretation variability of 18FDG-positron emission tomography studies in dementia.
Hoffman, J. M., Hanson, M., Welsh, K. A., Earl, N., Paine, S., DeLong, D., & Coleman, R. (1996) · Investigative Radiology · doi:10.1097/00004424-199606000-00002 · Cited by 53
The brain in older persons with and without dementia: findings on MR, PET, and SPECT images.
Davis, P. C., Mirra, S., & Alazraki, N. (1994) · AJR. American journal of roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.162.6.8191980 · Cited by 53
An extensive network of PHFτ‐rich dystrophic neurites permeates neocortex and nearly all neuritic and diffuse amyloid plaques in Alzheimer disease
Schmidt, M. L., Didario, A. G., Lee, V. M. ‐., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (1994) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)00259-2 · Cited by 47
CD45 isoform alteration in CD4+ T cells as a potential diagnostic marker of Alzheimer's disease
Tan, J., Town, T., Abdullah, L. I., Wu, Y., Placzek, A. N., Small, B. J., Kroeger, J. L., Crawford, F., Richards, D., & MULLAN, M. J. (2002) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(02)00309-0 · Cited by 49
“For patients presenting with AD, a definitive diagnosis of the disease can only be obtained through pathological observation of both senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (McKhann et al., 1984; Khachaturian, 1985).”
Background
Absence of association between Alzheimer disease and the -491 regulatory region polymorphism of APOE.
Song, Y.-Q., Rogaeva, E., Premkumar, S., Brindle, N., Kawarai, T., Orlacchio, A., Yu, G., Lévesque, G., Nishimura, M., Ikeda, M., et al. (1998) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00470-4 · Cited by 52
Metabolic brain mapping in Alzheimer's disease using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Lazeyras, F., Charles, H., Tupler, L., Erickson, R., Boyko, O., & Krishnan, K. (1998) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(98)00010-9 · Cited by 52
Increased density of senile plaques (SP), but not neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), in non-demented individuals with the apolipoprotein E4 allele: comparison to confirmed Alzheimer's disease patients
Sparks, D. L., Scheff, S. W., Liu, H., Landers, T. M., Danner, F., Coyne, C. M., & Hunsaker, J. C. (1996) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(96)00008-1 · Cited by 48
“Tissues from neuropathologically confirmed (Khachaturian, 1985) AD patients were provided by the Tissue Core of the AD Research Center at the University of Kentucky.”
Method
PET molecular imaging for pathophysiological visualization in Alzheimer’s disease
Wang, J., Jin, C., Zhou, J., Zhou, R., Tian, M., Lee, H. J., & Zhang, H. (2022) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-022-05999-z · Cited by 71
“Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual memory loss and cognitive decline [1].”
Background
Gene expression data analysis using Hellinger correlation in weighted gene co-expression networks (WGCNA)
Zhang, T., & Wong, G. (2022) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.018 · Cited by 64
“Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that is pathologically characterized by b -amyloid (A b )-containing extracellular plaques and tau-containing intracellular neuroﬁbrillary tangles, and clinically characterized by gradual cognitive decline and dementia [11–13].”
Background
Comparative platelet proteome analysis reveals an increase of monoamine oxidase-B protein expression in Alzheimer's disease but not in non-demented Parkinson's disease patients
Zellner, M., Baureder, M., Rappold, E., Bugert, P., Kotzailias, N., Babeluk, R., Baumgartner, R., Attems, J., Gerner, C., Jellinger, K. A., et al. (2012) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2012.01.014 · Cited by 52
Neuroprotective properties of Bcl‐w in Alzheimer disease
Zhu, X., Wang, Y., Ogawa, O., Lee, H., Raina, A. K., Siedlak, S. L., Harris, P. L. R., Fujioka, H., Shimohama, S., Tabaton, M., et al. (2004) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02416.x · Cited by 51
“…younger control (n ¼ 5; ages ¼ 3–56 years; post-mortem interval ¼ 2–23 h) and age-matched control (n ¼ 16; ages ¼ 65–91 years; post-mortem interval ¼ 3–24 h) cases [based on clinical and pathological criteria established by CERAD and an NIA consensus panel (Khachaturian 1985; Mirra et al. 1991)].”
Method
Alzheimer's disease with asymmetric parietal lobe atrophy: a case report.
Kaida, K., Takeda, K., Nagata, N., & Kamakura, K. (1998) · Journal of Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(98)00221-4 · Cited by 51
Dopamine D2 receptor bands in normal human temporal cortex are absent in Alzheimer's disease
Joyce, J. N., Myers, A., & Gurevich, E. V. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01005-6 · Cited by 46
Increased number of NADPH-d-positive neurons within the substantia innominata in Alzheimer's disease.
Benzing, W. C., & Mufson, E. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)01362-l · Cited by 51
Content and fatty acid composition of cardiolipin in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Guan, Z.-Z., Söderberg, M., Sindelar, P., & Edlund, C. (1994) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/0197-0186(94)90073-6 · Cited by 51
Role of Neuron and Glia in Alzheimer’s Disease and Associated Vascular Dysfunction
Bandyopadhyay, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.653334 · Cited by 64
“Although the ‘‘amyloid hypothesis’’ appears most prominent in AD, NFT generation even seems common for diverse cerebral stress conditions (Khachaturian, 1985; Mirra et al., 1991; Felician and Sandson, 1999).”
Background
Pharmacological evidences for antiamnesic potentials of Phyllanthus amarus in mice
Joshi, H., & Parle, M. (2010) · African Journal of Biomedical Research · doi:10.4314/ajbr.v10i2.50622 · Cited by 50
“AD patients exhibit marked decline in cognitive functions and severe behavioral abnormalities such as irritability, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia and restlessness (Parle et al., 2004a; Khachaturian, 1985).”
Background
White matter mapping in Alzheimer's disease: A neuropathological study.
Sjöbeck, M., Haglund, M., & Englund, E. (2006) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.03.007 · Cited by 50
Changes in synaptic expression of clathrin assembly protein AP180 in Alzheimer's disease analysed by immunohistochemistry
Yao, P. J., Morsch, R., Callahan, L. M., & Coleman, P. D. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00360-7 · Cited by 48
Human striatum: the distribution of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease
Selden, N. R. W., Mesulam, M. M., & Geula, C. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91136-3 · Cited by 47
A fibril-specific, conformation-dependent antibody recognizes a subset of Aβ plaques in Alzheimer disease, Down syndrome and Tg2576 transgenic mouse brain
Sarsoza, F. M., Saing, T., Kayed, R., Dahlin, R., Dick, M. B., Broadwater-Hollifield, C., Mobley, S., Lott, I. T., Doran, E. W., Gillen, D. L., et al. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0530-3 · Cited by 44
“Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with the progressive development of cognitive dysfunction and neuropathological accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques (SP) [ 37 , 53, 55, 67].”
Background
Amyloid β Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease and Schizophrenia
Religa, D., Laudon, H., Styczyńska, M., Winblad, B. G., Näslund, J., & Haroutunian, V. H. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.5.867 · Cited by 52
Metabolic alterations in postmortem Alzheimer's disease brain are exaggerated by Apo-E4.
Klunk, W., Panchalingam, K., Mcclure, R., Stanley, J. A., & Pettegrew, J. (1998) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(98)00105-5 · Cited by 49
Analysis of the butyrylcholinesterase gene and nearby chromosome 3 markers in Alzheimer disease
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“AD was confirmed based on Khachaturian criteria (Khachaturian, 1985), following neuropathological examination of paraffin sections from neocortex, basal forebrain, amygdala, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus and mid-brain using HE and Bielschowsky silver stain, and…”
Method

Authors: Khachaturian, Z. S.
Corresponding author: Khachaturian, Z. S.
Venue: Archives of Neurology
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1985-11-01
Volume: 42
Issue: 11
Pages: 1097-1105
ISSN: 0003-9942 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1985.04060100083029
OpenAlex: W2171405125
Cited by: 2,499
References: 10
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 41
FWCI: 40.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, early diagnosis, dementia, neurochemistry, neuropathology, neuroradiology, neuropsychology
MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease, Humans

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