Cited by 2,499Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsPsychological Testing and Assessment

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Khachaturian, Z. S.·1985·Archives of Neurology

DOI 10.1001/archneur.1985.04060100083029

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Early and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a major impact on the progress of research on dementia. To address the problems involved in diagnosing AD in its earliest stages, the National Institute on Aging, the American Association of Retired Persons, the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, and the National Institute of Mental Health jointly sponsored a workshop for planning research. The purpose of the meeting was to identify the most important scientific research opportunities and the crucial clinical and technical issues that influence the progress of research on the diagnosis of AD. The 37 participants included some of the most knowledgeable and eminent scientists and physicians actively involved in the study of AD. The participants were divided among six panels representing the disciplines of neurochemistry, neuropathology, neuroradiology, neurology, neuropsychology, and psychiatry. Within each of the panels, participants discussed specific areas of research requiring further

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/archneur.1985.04060100083029

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 1,068

Abnormally phosphorylated tau protein in Alzheimer's disease: Heterogeneity of individual regional distribution and relationship to clinical severity
Holzer, M., Holzapfel, H.-P., Zedlick, D., Brückner, M. K., & Arendt, T. (1994) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90546-0 · Cited by 83
Rivastigmine is a potent inhibitor of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's plaques and tangles
Eskander, M. F., Nagykery, N. G., Leung, E. Y., Khelghati, B., & Geula, C. (2005) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.08.039 · Cited by 83
Association of the apolipoprotein E ϵ4 allele with clinical subtypes of autopsy‐confirmed Alzheimer's disease
Zubenko, G. S., Stiffler, S., Stabler, S. M., Kopp, U., Hughes, H. B., Cohen, B. M., & Moossy, J. J. (1994) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320540306 · Cited by 88
Speech- and language-based classification of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review
Vigo, I., Coelho, L., & Reis, S. (2022) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering9010027 · Cited by 83
“Early and accurate diagnosis of AD has a major impact on its progress and follow-up, and although memory loss and behavioral changes are relevant indicators for its detection, these only become evident in more advanced stages of the disease, often leading to the late diagnosis of dementia [3,4].”
Background
A novel presenilin‐1 mutation: Increased β‐amyloid and neurofibrillary changes
Gómez‐Isla, T., Wasco, W., Pettingell, W. P., Gurubhagavatula, S., Schmidt, S. D., Jondro, P. D., McNamara, M. J., Rodes, L., Di-Blasi, T., Growdon, W. B., et al. (1997) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410410618 · Cited by 77
Head injury as a risk factor in Alzheimer's disease.
Rasmusson, D., Brandt, J., Martin, D. B., & Folstein, M. (1995) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699059509008194 · Cited by 83
The synaptic organization of the neocortex in Alzheimer's disease
Masliah, E., Miller, A., & Terry, R. D. (1993) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/0306-9877(93)90078-5 · Cited by 89
Interleukin-6-associated inflammatory processes in Alzheimer's disease: new therapeutic options
Hüll, M., Fiebich, B. L., Lieb, K., Strauss, S., Berger, M., Volk, B., & Bauer, J. (1996) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(96)00107-8 · Cited by 82
Quantitative neurohistological features of frontotemporal degeneration
Arnold, S. E., Han, L.-Y., Clark, C. M., Grossman, M., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2000) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00173-1 · Cited by 82
Capsaicin, The Vanilloid Receptor TRPV1 Agonist in Neuroprotection: Mechanisms Involved and Significance
Abdel-Salam, O., & Mózsik, G. (2023) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-023-03983-z · Cited by 82
“3 Protective mechanisms of small dose capsaicin in experimental Parkinson’s disease even the most basic daily activities [112, 113].”
Background
Protein kinase C anchoring deficit in postmortem brains of Alzheimer's disease patients.
Battaini, F., Pascale, A., Lucchi, L., Pasinetti, G., & Govoni, S. (1999) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7151 · Cited by 82
New Neuropathological Criteria for Alzheimer Disease
Hyman, B. T. (1998) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.55.9.1174 · Cited by 73
Two‐Dimensional Characterization of Paired Helical Filament‐Tau from Alzheimer's Disease: Demonstration of an Additional 74‐kDa Component and Age‐Related Biochemical Modifications
Sergeant, N., David, J. ‐., Goedert, M., Jakes, R., Vermersch, P., Buée, L., Lefranc, D., Wattez, A., & Delacourte, A. (1997) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69020834.x · Cited by 79
“The cerebral cortex in AD shows numerous histopathological features consisting of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) (McKhann et al., 1984; Khachaturian, 1985 ).”
Background
Quantitative 1H and 31P MRS of PCA extracts of postmortem Alzheimer's disease brain
Klunk, W. E., Xu, C., Panchalingram, K., Mcclure, R. J., & Pettegrew, J. W. (1996) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(96)00035-8 · Cited by 84
Advancements in the development of multi-target directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Kumar, N., Kumar, V., Anand, P., Kumar, V., Dwivedi, A. R., & Kumar, V. (2022) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116742 · Cited by 98
Cathepsin D-mediated proteolysis of apolipoprotein E: Possible role in Alzheimer’s disease
Zhou, W., Scott, S. A., Shelton, S. B., & Crutcher, K. A. (2006) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.08.019 · Cited by 84
Oxidative damage to nucleic acids in human prion disease.
Guentchev, M., Siedlak, S., Jarius, C., Tagliavini, F., Castellani, R., Perry, G., Smith, M. A., & Budka, H. (2002) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1006/nbdi.2002.0477 · Cited by 80
HSV-1 in brain and risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Beffert, U., Bertrand, P., Champagne, D. L., Gauthier, S., & Poirier, J. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)79057-7 · Cited by 80
Functional, Global and Cognitive Decline Correlates to Accumulation of Alzheimers Pathology in MCI and AD
Sabbagh, M. N., Cooper, K., DeLange, J., Stoehr, J. D., Thind, K., Lahti, T., Reisberg, B., Sue, L., Vedders, L., Fleming, S. R., et al. (2010) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/156720510791162340 · Cited by 79
Iron Dysregulation in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease
Onukwufor, J. O., Dirksen, R. T., & Wojtovich, A. P. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11040692 · Cited by 85
Screening for Memory Disorders, Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
Ashford, J. W. (2008) · Aging Health · doi:10.2217/1745509x.4.4.399 · Cited by 76
Immunohistochemistry with antibodies to hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor protein (c-MET) in human brain tissues.
Yamada, T., Tsubouchi, H., Daikuhara, Y., Prat, M., Comoglio, P., McGeer, P., & Mcgeer, E. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91250-5 · Cited by 79
Cycles of Aberrant Synaptic Sprouting and Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's and Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Hashimoto, M., & Masliah, E. (2003) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1026073324672 · Cited by 78
5-HIAA as a Potential Biological Marker for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
Jayamohananan, H., Kumar, M. K. M., & Aneesh, T. P. (2019) · Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.15171/apb.2019.044 · Cited by 88
Is Dementia with Lewy Bodies the Second Most Common Cause of Dementia?
Heidebrink, J. (2002) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/089198870201500402 · Cited by 77
Longitudinal volumetric computed tomographic analysis of regional brain changes in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease.
Shear, P., Sullivan, E., Mathalon, D., Lim, K. O., Davis, L. F., Yesavage, J., Tinklenberg, J., & Pfefferbaum, A. (1995) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1995.00540280078021 · Cited by 77
BrainN-acetyl-l-aspartic acid in Alzheimer's disease: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Kwo-On-Yuen, P. F., Newmark, R. D., Budinger, T. F., Kaye, J. A., Ball, M. J., & Jagust, W. J. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91494-x · Cited by 73
Ultrastructural Localization of Intraneuronal Aβ-Peptide in Alzheimer Disease Brains
Gómez-Ramos, P., & Asunción Morán, M. (2007) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2007-11109 · Cited by 76
The relation of education and gender on the attention items of the Mini-Mental State Examination in Spanish speaking Hispanic elders.
Rosselli, M., Tappen, R., Williams, C. L., & Salvatierra, J. (2006) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/j.acn.2006.08.001 · Cited by 76
Accuracy of clinical criteria for AD in the Honolulu–Asia Aging Study, a population-based study
Petrovitch, H., White, L. R., Ross, G. W., Steinhorn, S. C., Li, C. Y., Masaki, K., Davis, D. G., Nelson, J., Hardman, J. M., Curb, J. D., et al. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.2.226 · Cited by 136
'Lewy body disease': clinico-pathological correlations in 18 consecutive cases of Parkinson's disease with and without dementia.
de Vos, R. A., Jansen, E., Stam, F., Ravid, R., & Swaab, D. (1995) · Clinical neurology and neurosurgery (Dutch-Flemish ed. Print) · doi:10.1016/0303-8467(94)00060-j · Cited by 76
Norepinephrine transporter sites are decreased in the locus coeruleus in Alzheimer's disease.
Tejani-butt, S., Yang, J., & Zaffar, H. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91201-3 · Cited by 76
Oxidation of Aβ and Plaque Biogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease and Down Syndrome
Head, E., Garzon-Rodriguez, W., Johnson, J. K., Lott, I. T., Cotman, C. W., & Glabe, C. (2001) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1006/nbdi.2001.0431 · Cited by 75
“…with the progressive development of cognitive dysfunction and neuropathological accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques (SP) (Khachaturian, 1985; Morris et al., 1988; Mirra et al. 1991; The National Institute on Aging and the Reagan Institute Working Group on Diagnostic…”
Background
Neural substrates of cognitive and behavioral deficits in atypical Alzheimer's disease
von Gunten, A., Bouras, C., Kövari, E., Giannakopoulos, P., & Hof, P. R. (2006) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.11.003 · Cited by 75
Potential role of diffusion tensor MRI in the differential diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
Parente, D., Gasparetto, E., da Cruz, L. C. H., Domingues, R. C., Baptista, A. C., Carvalho, A. C., & Domingues, R. (2008) · AJR. American journal of roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.07.2617 · Cited by 75
Regional Distribution of Neurofibrillary Tangles and Senile Plaques in the Cerebral Cortex of Very Old Patients
Giannakopoulos, P., Hof, P. R., Giannakopoulos, A.-S., Herrmann, F. R., Michel, J.-P., & Bouras, C. (1995) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1995.00540360028012 · Cited by 78
Dendritic reorganisation in the basal forebrain under degenerative conditions and its defects in Alzheimer's disease. III. The basal forebrain compared with other subcortical areas
Arendt, T., Brückner, M. K., Bigl, V., & Marcova, L. (1995) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903510204 · Cited by 72
Brain [F-18]FDG PET for Clinical Dementia Workup: Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Types of Dementing Disorders
Minoshima, S., Mosci, K., Cross, D. J., & Thientunyakit, T. (2021) · Seminars in Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.01.002 · Cited by 93
Oculo‐visual changes and clinical considerations affecting older patients with dementia
Armstrong, R. A., & Kergoat, H. (2015) · Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics · doi:10.1111/opo.12220 · Cited by 73
Interactions of oxidative stress with cellular calcium dynamics and glucose metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease
Gibson, G. E. (2002) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(02)00802-x · Cited by 65
Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis from multi-modal data via feature inductive learning and dual multilevel graph neural network
Lei, B., Li, Y., Fu, W., Yang, P., Chen, S., Wang, T., Xiao, X., Niu, T., Fu, Y., Wang, S., et al. (2024) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2024.103213 · Cited by 73
“It is the leading cause of dementia (Khachaturian, 1985; Kucmanski et al., 2016).”
Transcriptional vulnerability of brain regions in Alzheimer's disease and dementia
Haroutunian, V. H., Katsel, P., & Schmeidler, J. (2007) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.07.021 · Cited by 113
99mTc-MAMA-chrysamine G, a probe for beta-amyloid protein of Alzheimer’s disease
Dezutter, N. A., Dom, R., de Groot, T., Bormans, G., & Verbruggen, A. (1999) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1007/s002590050470 · Cited by 73
“These β-amyloid deposits are visualised using the histological dye Congo red (Fig. 1). Unfortunately, assessment of senile plaque counts must be delayed until after death [ 8 ].”
Method
Localization of transglutaminase in hippocampal neurons: implications for Alzheimer's disease.
Appelt, D., Kopen, G., Boyne, L., & Balin, B. (1996) · Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry · doi:10.1177/44.12.8985134 · Cited by 73
Priming in perceptual identification of pseudowords is normal in Alzheimer's disease
Keane, M. M., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Growdon, J. H., & Corkin, S. (1994) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(94)90136-8 · Cited by 69
Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: Pleiotropic roles for cytokines and neuronal pentraxins
Swanson, A., Wolf, T., Sitzmann, A., & Willette, A. A. (2018) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.015 · Cited by 72
N-acetylaspartylglutamate,N-acetylaspartate, andN-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase in human brain and their alterations in Huntington and Alzheimer diseases
Passani, L. A., Vonsattel, J. P., Carter, R. E., & Coyle, J. T. (1997) · Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology · doi:10.1007/bf02815236 · Cited by 67
“The neuropathological diagnosis of AD was assigned using the criteria recommended by Khachaturian (1985) , Mirra et al. (1993), and the plaque-based criteria by tile Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD) (Mirra et al., 1991).”
Method
Broad-band visual capacities are not selectively impaired in Alzheimer's disease
Kurylo, D. D., Corkin, S., Dolan, R. P., Rizzo, J. F., Parker, S. W., & Growdon, J. H. (1994) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(94)90025-6 · Cited by 65
Cortical cholinergic markers in schizophrenia
Haroutunian, V. H., Davidson, M., Kanof, P. D., Perl, D. P., Powchik, P., LOSONCZY, M. F., McCrystal, J., Purohit, D. P., Bierer, L. M., & Davis, K. L. (1994) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/0920-9964(94)90071-x · Cited by 67
Preclinical AD Workgroup staging: Pathological correlates and potential challenges
Jicha, G. A., Abner, E. L., Schmitt, F. A., Kryscio, R. J., Riley, K. P., Cooper, G. E., Stiles, N., Mendiondo, M. S., Smith, C. D., Van Eldik, L. J., et al. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.02.018 · Cited by 71
“The “Khachaturian criteria” for AD diagnosis (Khachaturian, 1985), based on DP, has been removed from AD diagnostic relevance for over a decade, and our data provide no fresh impetus to revive DP-based neuropathological diagnoses for the detection of clinically evident AD.”
BackgroundInfluential
Reduced Density of Cholinergic Interneurons in the Ventral Striatum in Schizophrenia: An In Situ Hybridization Study
Holt, D. J., Bachus, S. E., Hyde, T. M., Wittie, M., Herman, M. M., Vangel, M. G., Saper, C. B., & Kleinman, J. E. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.007 · Cited by 74
Hierarchical Phosphorylation of Recombinant Tau by the Paired‐Helical Filament‐Associated Protein Kinase Is Dependent on Cyclic AMP‐Dependent Protein Kinase
Jicha, G. A., Donnell, A. O., Weaver, C., Angeletti, R., & Davies, P. (1999) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0720214.x · Cited by 71
“Ten microliters of PKA-reacted TauW, PKA-reacted TauW 1 PHFs, or PKA-reacted TauW1 PHFs1 Mg21 1 ATP was applied to Formvar carbon-coated, glow-discharged grids.”
BackgroundInfluential
Diagnostic opportunities based on skin biomarkers
Paliwal, S., Hwang, B. H., Tsai, K. Y., & Mitragotri, S. (2012) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2012.10.009 · Cited by 82
“When symptoms are detected in patients, it is often too late to intervene (Chetelat and Baron, 2003; Khachaturian, 1985), making the early diagnosis of AZ of high significance (Chetelat and Baron, 2003).”
Background
Neuronal CDK7 in hippocampus is related to aging and Alzheimer disease.
Zhu, X.-W., Rottkamp, C., Raina, A., Brewer, G., Ghanbari, H., Boux, H., & Smith, M. A. (2000) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00217-7 · Cited by 70
The Neurobiology and Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's Disease
Félician, O., & Sandson, T. A. (1999) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.11.1.19 · Cited by 61
Amyloid probes based on Congo Red distinguish between fibrils comprising different peptides.
Ashburn, T. T., Han, H., Mcguinness, B., & Lansbury, P. (1996) · Chemistry and Biology · doi:10.1016/s1074-5521(96)90118-0 · Cited by 70
Elevated expression of a regulator of the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, neuronal CIP‐1‐associated regulator of cyclin B, in Alzheimer's disease
Zhu, X.-W., Mcshea, A., Harris, P. L. R., Raina, A., Castellani, R., Funk, J., Shah, S. N., Atwood, C., Bowen, R., Bowser, R., et al. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.20028 · Cited by 69
“AD cases that met CERAD criteria for AD ( Khachaturian, 1985; Mirra et al., 1991) were further assessed post-mortem and confirmed to be corresponding to Braak stages V–VI (Braak and Braak, 1991).”
Background
Age at onset is associated with disease severity in Lewy body variant and Alzheimer's disease
Ho, G., Hansen, L., Alford, M., Foster, K., Salmon, D., Galasko, D., Thal, L., & Masliah, E. (2002) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200210070-00028 · Cited by 69
Cerebrovascular muscle atrophy is a feature of Alzheimer's disease.
Perry, G., Smith, M. A., McCann, C., Siedlak, S., Jones, P. K., & Friedland, R. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00006-7 · Cited by 69
Immunocytochemistry of tau phosphoserine 413 and tau protein kinase I in Alzheimer pathology.
Shiurba, R., Ishiguro, K., Takahashi, M., Sato, K., Spooner, E. T., Mercken, M., Yoshida, R., Wheelock, T. R., Yanagawa, H., Imahori, K., et al. (1996) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00717-2 · Cited by 69
A case of REM sleep behavior disorder with autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease: postmortem brain stem histochemical analyses.
Schenck, C., Garcia-Rill, E., Skinner, R., Anderson, M. L., & Mahowald, M. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(96)00070-4 · Cited by 69
Neuropathologic criteria for diagnosing Alzheimer Disease in persons with pure dementia of Alzheimer type
McKeel, D. W., Price, J. L., Miller, J. P., Grant, E. A., Xiong, C., Berg, L., & Morris, J. C. (2004) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/63.10.1028 · Cited by 68
Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis Using Machine Learning: A Survey
Dara, O. A., López-Guede, J. M., Raheem, H. I., Rahebi, J., Zulueta, E., & Fernández‐Gámiz, U. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13148298 · Cited by 80
Inactivation of the human brain muscarinic acetylcholine receptor by oxidative damage catalyzed by a low molecular weight endogenous inhibitor from Alzheimer’s brain is prevented by pyrophosphate analogs, bioflavonoids and other antioxidants
Fawcett, J. R., Bordayo, E. Z., Jackson, K., Liu, H., Peterson, J., Svitak, A. L., & Frey, W. H. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02981-5 · Cited by 66
Downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation in Alzheimer disease: loss of cytochrome oxidase subunit mRNA in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex
Chandrasekaran, K., Hatanpaa, K. J., Brady, D. R., Stoll, J., & Rapoport, S. I. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00248-0 · Cited by 54
Diagnosis and Staging of Alzheimer Disease
Duyckaerts, C. J., & Hauw, J. J. (1997) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(97)00067-5 · Cited by 65
Pathological changes in frontal cortex from biopsy to autopsy in Alzheimer's disease
Bennett, D. A., Cochran, E. J., Saper, C. B., Leverenz, J. B., Gilley, D. W., & Wilson, R. S. (1993) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(93)90043-b · Cited by 67
Cognitive decline in AD and mild cognitive impairment is associated with global brain damage
van der Flier, W. M., van den Heuvel, D. M. J., Weverling‐Rijnsburger, A. W. E., Spilt, A., Bollen, E. L. E. M., Westendorp, R. G. J., Middelkoop, H. A. M., & van Buchem, M. A. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.59.6.874 · Cited by 61
Senile Degeneration and Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Schizophrenia
Dwork, A. J., Susser, E., Keilp, J. G., Waniek, C., Liu, D., Kaufman, M. A., Zemishlany, Z., & Prohovnik, I. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.11.1536 · Cited by 68
Microtubule-associated protein MAP1B showing a fetal phosphorylation pattern is present in sites of neurofibrillary degeneration in brains of Alzheimer's disease patients
Ulloa, L., de Garcini, E. M., Gómez‐Ramos, P., Morán, M. A., & Ávila, J. (1994) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(94)90081-7 · Cited by 69
Coupling of muscarinic receptors to GTP proteins in postmortem human brain--alterations in Alzheimer's disease.
Warpman, U., Alafuzoff, I., & Nordberg, A. (1993) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90103-r · Cited by 67
GlutamateNMDA receptor NR1 subunit mRNA expression in Alzheimer's disease
Hynd, M. R., Scott, H. L., & Dodd, P. R. (2001) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00409.x · Cited by 66
“To con®rm a diagnosis of AD a combined CERAD/Khachaturian schema was employed, with the presence of neocortical neuro®brillary tangles considered obligatory (Khachaturian 1985).”
Method
Expression of the kallikrein gene family in normal and Alzheimer's disease brain
Shimizu-Okabe, C., Yousef, G., Diamandis, E., Yoshida, S., Shiosaka, S., & Fahnestock, M. (2001) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200108280-00031 · Cited by 66
Characterization of muscarinic receptor subtypes in Alzheimer and control brain cortices by selective muscarinic antagonists.
Svensson, A., Alafuzoff, I., & Nordberg, A. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)91541-l · Cited by 66
Design and development of molecular hybrids of 2-pyridylpiperazine and 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles as potential multifunctional agents to treat Alzheimer's disease
Tripathi, A., Choubey, P. K., Sharma, P. A., Seth, A., Tripathi, P. N., Tripathi, M. K., Prajapati, S. K., Krishnamurthy, S., & Shrivastava, S. K. (2019) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111707 · Cited by 81
Apolipoprotein C-I expression in the brain in Alzheimer's disease.
Petit-Turcotte, C., Stohl, S. M., Beffert, U., Cohn, J. S., Aumont, N., Tremblay, M., Dea, D., Yang, L., Poirier, J., & Shachter, N. S. (2001) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1006/nbdi.2001.0441 · Cited by 50
“All cases were of postmortem tissue, with neuropathological evaluation and were chosen based on their neuropathological status following criteria established by Khachaturian (Khachaturian, 1985).”
Method
A frontal variant of Alzheimer’s disease exhibits decreased calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity in the prefrontal cortex
Talbot, K., Young, R., Jolly-Tornetta, C., Lee, V. M. ‐., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Wolf, B. A. (2000) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(00)00006-1 · Cited by 69
“The remaining 12 individuals were clinically con®rmed dementia cases which (a) met pathological criteria for AD published by the National Institute of Aging (Khachaturian, 1985) and CERAD (Mirra et al.”
MethodResult
Oxidative posttranslational modifications in Alzheimer disease
Smith, M. A., Sayre, L. M., Monnier, V. M., & Perry, G. L. (1996) · Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology · doi:10.1007/bf02815203 · Cited by 60
Multivariate Analysis of Laminar Patterns of Neurodegeneration in Posterior Cingulate Cortex in Alzheimer's Disease
Vogt, B. A., Vogt, L. J., Vrana, K. E., Gioia, L., Meadows, R. S., Challa, V. R., Hof, P. R., & Van Hoesen, G. W. (1998) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1998.6852 · Cited by 64
Increased senile plaques without microglia in Alzheimer's disease
Ohgami, T., Kitamoto, T., Shin, R. W., Kaneko, Y., Ogomori, K., & Tateishi, J. (1991) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00305864 · Cited by 64
A Review of the Current Mammalian Models of Alzheimer’s Disease and Challenges That Need to Be Overcome
Mckean, N. E., Handley, R. R., & Snell, R. G. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222313168 · Cited by 81
“Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease, behaviourally characterised by memory loss and cognitive decline, generally in later life, which is ultimately fatal [1].”
Background
A dependency model for patients with Alzheimer's disease: its validation and relationship to the costs of care – the LASER-AD Study
Livingston, G., Katona, C., Roch, B., Guilhaume, C., & Rive, B. (2004) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079904125003980 · Cited by 64
Types of Cerebrovascular Lesions Associated with Severe Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Alzheimer's Diseasea
Olichney, J., Ellis, R. J., Katzman, R., Sabbagh, M. N., & Hansen, L. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48511.x · Cited by 57
Diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease.
Price, J. (1997) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(97)00072-9 · Cited by 64
Selective Loss of Cerebral Keratan Sulfate in Alzheimer's Disease*
Lindahl, B., Eriksson, L., Spillmann, D., Caterson, B., & Lindahl, U. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.29.16991 · Cited by 64
Awareness of memory deficit in alzheimer's disease patients and memory-impaired older adults
Correa, D., Graves, R., & Costa, L. (1996) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825589608256625 · Cited by 64
Non-adrenoceptor [3H]idazoxan binding sites (I2-imidazoline sites) are increased in postmortem brain from patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Ruiz, J., Martin, I., Callado, L., Meana, J., Barturen, F., & García-Sevilla, J. (1993) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90925-b · Cited by 64
NMR spectroscopy of human post mortem cerebrospinal fluid: Distinction of Alzheimer's disease from control using pattern recognition and statistics
Ghauri, F. Y. K., Nicholson, J. K., Sweatman, B., Wood, J., Beddell, C., Lindon, J., & Cairns, N. (1993) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.1940060210 · Cited by 64
Using meta-analysis to explain the diversity of results in genetic studies of late-onset Alzheimer's disease and to identify high-risk subgroups.
Lehmann, D., Williams, J., McBroom, J., & Smith, A. (2001) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00464-x · Cited by 63
Agrin in Alzheimer’s disease: Altered solubility and abnormal distribution within microvasculature and brain parenchyma
Donahue, J. E., Berzin, T. M., Rafii, M. S., Glass, D. J., Yancopoulos, G. D., Fallon, J. R., & Stopa, E. G. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.11.6468 · Cited by 103
Elderly patients with schizophrenia exhibit infrequent neurodegenerative lesions
Arnold, S. E., Franz, B. R., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (1994) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(94)90024-8 · Cited by 58
Axonal loss from the olfactory tracts in Alzheimer's disease.
Davies, D., Brooks, J., & Lewis, D. (1993) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(93)90121-q · Cited by 63
Brain Aging in the Oldest-Old
von Gunten, A., Ebbing, K., Imhof, A., Giannakopoulos, P., & Kövari, E. (2010) · Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research · doi:10.1155/2010/358531 · Cited by 62
A Multilevel View of the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease
Ávila, J., & Perry, G. L. (2020) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.015 · Cited by 69
“Indeed, some time ago Khachaturian indicated that a true diagnosis can be achieved after pathological analysis in the post-mortem autopsy (Khachaturian, 1985) by examining the presence of senile plaques (Thal stages) (Thal et al., 2002) and neurofibrillary tangles (Braak stages) (Braak and Braak,…”
Modelling neurodegenerative diseases with 3D brain organoids
Chang, Y., Kim, J., Park, H., Choi, H. G., & Kim, J. (2020) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12626 · Cited by 69
“(1) Modelling AD with brain organoids AD is a common NDD characterized by the deposition of misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (Khachaturian, 1985; Selkoe, 1991; Goedert & Spillantini, 2006).”
Background
TLR4 Gene Expression and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Alzheimer’s Disease and in Response to Hippocampal Deafferentation in Rodents
Miron, J., Picard, C., Frappier, J., Dea, D., Théroux, L., & Poirier, J. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-171160 · Cited by 65
“The diagnosis of autopsied brains was based on the histopathological NINCDS-ADRDA (National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association) criteria for a deﬁ-nite diagnosis of AD [14].”
Centenarian Studies: Important Contributors to Our Understanding of the Aging Process and Longevity
Willcox, D. C., Willcox, B. J., & Poon, L. W. (2010) · Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research · doi:10.1155/2010/484529 · Cited by 70
A novel membrane protein, encoded by the gene covering KIAA0233, is transcriptionally induced in senile plaque-associated astrocytes
Satoh, K., Hata, M., Takahara, S., Tsuzaki, H., Yokota, H., Akatsu, H., Yamamoto, T., Kosaka, K., & Yamada, T. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.050 · Cited by 65
Amino acids and transaminases activity in ventricular CSF and in brain of normal and Alzheimer patients.
D'Aniello, A., Fisher, G., Migliaccio, N., Cammisa, G., D'Aniello, E., & Spinelli, P. (2005) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.06.030 · Cited by 62
Decreased estrogen receptor-α expression in hippocampal neurons in relation to hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimer patients
Hu, X.-Y., Qin, S., Lu, Y.-P., Ravid, R., Swaab, D., & Zhou, J.-N. (2003) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-003-0720-3 · Cited by 62
“The gross pathology of the brain in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by diffuse atrophy, especially of the temporal cortex and hippocampus [ 18 ].”

Authors: Khachaturian, Z. S.
Corresponding author: Khachaturian, Z. S.
Venue: Archives of Neurology
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1985-11-01
Volume: 42
Issue: 11
Pages: 1097-1105
ISSN: 0003-9942 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1985.04060100083029
OpenAlex: W2171405125
Cited by: 2,499
References: 10
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 41
FWCI: 40.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, early diagnosis, dementia, neurochemistry, neuropathology, neuroradiology, neuropsychology
MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease, Humans

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Metadata

Record

About these checks