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Cited by 255Retinal Diseases and TreatmentsRetinal Imaging and AnalysisSmoking Behavior and Cessation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Smoking and Age-Related Maculopathy: The Blue Mountains Eye Study

Smith, Wayne·1996·Archives of Ophthalmology
DOI 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100140716016
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess the associations between stage of age-related maculopathy (ARM) and current, past, and passive smoking. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 3654 subjects from a defined geographic area west of Sydney, Australia, identified subjects with late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and early ARM by ocular examination and detailed grading of retinal photographs. Interviewer-administered questionnaires provided data about smoking history for subjects and spouses. Logistic regression, adjusting for age and sex, and 2-way analysis of variance were used to assess associations. RESULTS: Current tobacco smoking was significantly associated with late AMD (odds ratio [OR], 3.92), including neovascular AMD (OR, 3.20) and geographic atrophy (OR, 4.54), and early ARM (OR, 1.75). Having ever smoked was significantly associated with late AMD (OR, 1.83) but not early ARM. Passive smoking was associated with increased but insignificant odds for late AMD. The risk was slightly higher among women compared with men for most exposure categories. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide convincing evidence that smoking may be causally associated with ARM. The strongest risk was found for current smokers, suggesting potential benefits of targeting education to older people who are current smokers and have signs of early ARM.

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Crossref · 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100140716016

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Metadata

Authors
Smith, W.
Affiliations
Australian National University (AU)
Corresponding author
Smith, Wayne
ORCID
Smith, Wayne
Venue
Archives of Ophthalmology
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1996-12-01
Volume
114
Issue
12
Pages
1518
ISSN
0003-9950 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archopht.1996.01100140716016
OpenAlex
W2075115814
Cited by
255
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 11
FWCI
8.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Keywords
smoking, age-related maculopathy, age-related macular degeneration, neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy, passive smoking, tobacco use, fundus images, sex differences, risk factors
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Australia, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Macular Degeneration, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Smoking, Odds Ratio

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