The DOI matches its Crossref record; 123 of the 125 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 63 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Corticostriatal-Limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents With Self-reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between self-reported exposure to childhood maltreatment (CM) and cerebral gray matter (GM) morphology in adolescents without psychiatric diagnoses. DESIGN: Associations were examined between regional GM morphology and exposure to CM (measured using a childhood trauma self-report questionnaire for physical, emotional, and sexual abuse and for physical and emotional neglect). SETTING: University hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two adolescents without psychiatric diagnoses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlations between childhood trauma self-report questionnaire scores and regional GM volume were assessed in voxel-based analyses of structural magnetic resonance images. Relationships among GM volume, subtypes of exposure to CM, and sex were explored. RESULTS: Childhood trauma self-report questionnaire total scores correlated negatively (P < .005) with GM volume in prefrontal cortex, striatum, amygdala, sensory association cortices, and cerebellum. Physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect were associated with rostral prefrontal reductions. Decreases in dorsolateral and orbitofrontal cortices, insula, and ventral striatum were associated with physical abuse. Decreases in cerebellum were associated with physical neglect. Decreases in dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, and subgenual prefrontal cortices, striatum, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum were associated with emotional neglect. Decreases in the latter emotion regulation regions were also associated with childhood trauma self-report questionnaire scores in girls, while caudate reductions (which may relate to impulse dyscontrol) were seen in boys. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to CM was associated with corticostriatal-limbic GM reductions in adolescents. Even if adolescents reporting exposure to CM do not present with symptoms that meet full criteria for psychiatric disorders, they may have corticostriatal-limbic GM morphologic alterations that place them at risk for behavioral difficulties. Vulnerabilities may be moderated by sex and by subtypes of exposure to CM.
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“These latter emotion regulation regions were also associated with childhood trauma questionnaire scores in females”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“In females, CTQ total scores were inversely correlated with volume in right RPFC (BA10), bilateral OFC (BA11/47), bilateral sgPFC (BA25/32), bilateral amygdala and hippocampus, right insula, bilateral temporal association cortex (BA20/21/38), bilateral fusiform gyrus (BA20)”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“In males, CTQ total scores were inversely correlated with volume in bilateral caudate, bilateral temporoparietal cortex (BA37/40) and left temporo-occipital association cortex (BA37/19)”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
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“All but six participants reported some form of CM, defined as a score of five or more on any of the five CM subtype scores.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > METHODS
plainn = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“Additionally, decreases in dorsolateral and orbitofrontal cortices, insula, and ventral striatum were associated with physical abuse”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“physical abuse with left DLPFC (BA46/9), left RPFC (BA10), right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (BA47), and right ventral striatum, right insula and right temporal association cortex (BA20/21)”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > Abstract > Results
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“Total childhood trauma questionnaire scores correlated negatively (p<0.005) with gray matter volumes in prefrontal cortex, striatum, amygdala, sensory association cortices and cerebellum.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“Total CTQ scores showed a significant inverse correlation with GM volume in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) [Brodmann's Area (BA) 46/9], bilateral rostral prefrontal cortex (RPFC) (BA10), left subgenual PFC (sgPFC) (BA25), bilateral striatum and right amygdala”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > Abstract > Results
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“in cerebellum with physical neglect”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“physical neglect with left RPFC (BA10), right parietal association cortex (BA40/39) and bilateral cerebellum”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > Abstract > Results
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
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In the paper
“physical abuse with left DLPFC (BA46/9), left RPFC (BA10), right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (BA47), and right ventral striatum, right insula and right temporal association cortex (BA20/21)”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“physical neglect with left RPFC (BA10), right parietal association cortex (BA40/39) and bilateral cerebellum”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“These findings were present in a sample of adolescents without psychiatric disorders.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“in dorsolateral, orbitofrontal and subgenual prefrontal cortices, striatum, amygdala, hippocampus and cerebellum with emotional neglect”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“emotional neglect with bilateral DLPFC (BA46/9), bilateral RPFC (BA10), bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (BA24/32), right superior frontal gyrus (BA8), right OFC (BA47), bilateral sgPFC (BA25), bilateral striatum, bilateral amygdala and hippocampus”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > Abstract > Results
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 23
- The quote only partly states this claim. 3
- Probably not a substantial claim. 14
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In the paper
“There was a trend towards an inverse association with left RPFC (BA10); the cluster size was beneath the study threshold at 44 voxels.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In females, CTQ total scores were inversely correlated with volume in right RPFC (BA10), bilateral OFC (BA11/47), bilateral sgPFC (BA25/32), bilateral amygdala and hippocampus, right insula, bilateral temporal association cortex (BA20/21/38), bilateral fusiform gyrus (BA20)”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“emotional neglect with bilateral DLPFC (BA46/9), bilateral RPFC (BA10), bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (BA24/32), right superior frontal gyrus (BA8), right OFC (BA47), bilateral sgPFC (BA25), bilateral striatum, bilateral amygdala and hippocampus”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Total CTQ scores showed a significant inverse correlation with GM volume in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) [Brodmann's Area (BA) 46/9], bilateral rostral prefrontal cortex (RPFC) (BA10), left subgenual PFC (sgPFC) (BA25), bilateral striatum and right amygdala”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Physical abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect were associated with rostral prefrontal reductions.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Females and males did not differ significantly in age, CTQ total or CTQ subscale scores.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These morphological changes are associated with behavioral changes, including increased impulsive, anxious and depressive behaviors.49,55–57”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [49] Sciolino NR Bortolato M Eisenstein SA Social isolation and chronic handling alter endocannabinoid signaling and behavioral reactivity to context in adult rats Neuroscience 2010 168 371 386 20394803 PMC2882942
- Not checked yetcites [55] Schwandt ML Lindell SG Sjoberg RL Gene-environment interactions and response to social intrusion in male and female rhesus macaques Biol Psychiatry 2010 67 323 330 20015482 PMC2885700
- Not checked yetcites [56] Rosenblum LA Forger C Noland S Trost RC Coplan JD Response of adolescent bonnet macaques to an acute fear stimulus as a function of early rearing conditions Dev Psychobiol 2001 39 40 45 11507708
- Not checked yetcites [57] Kikusui T Mori Y Behavioural and neurochemical consequences of early weaning in rodents J Neuroendocrinol 2009 21 427 431 19207810
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Findings in females were in regions associated with emotional regulation, whereas in males with regions subserving impulse control.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The RPFC is associated with behavioral control functions including directing attention, decision-making, response inhibition and emotional regulation.60–63”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [60] Christoff K Prabhakaran V Dorfman J Rostrolateral prefrontal cortex involvement in relational integration during reasoning NeuroImage 2001 14 1136 1149 11697945
- Not checked yetcites [61] Burgess PW Gilbert SJ Dumontheil I Function and localization within rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2007 362 887 899 17403644 PMC2430004
- Not checked yetcites [62] Miller EK Cohen JD An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function Annu Rev Neurosci 2001 24 167 202 11283309
- Not checked yetcites [63] Wager TD Davidson ML Hughes BL Lindquist MA Ochsner KN Prefrontal-subcortical pathways mediating successful emotion regulation Neuron 2008 59 1037 1050 18817740 PMC2742320
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“DLPFC functions overlap RPFC functions, and include working memory, cognitive reappraisal of affective experience and behavioral planning.64–68”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [64] Levy R Goldman-Rakic PS Segregation of working memory functions within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Exp Brain Res 2000 133 23 32 10933207
- Not checked yetcites [65] Goldin PR McRae K Ramel W Gross JJ The neural bases of emotion regulation: reappraisal and suppression of negative emotion Biol Psychiatry 2008 63 577 586 17888411 PMC2483789
- Not checked yetcites [66] Koechlin E Corrado G Pietrini P Grafman J Dissociating the role of the medial and lateral anterior prefrontal cortex in human planning Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000 97 7651 7656 10852964 PMC16600
- Not checked yetcites [67] Mansouri FA Tanaka K Buckley MJ Conflict-induced behavioural adjustment: a clue to the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex Nat Rev Neurosci 2009 10 141 152 19153577
- Not checked yetcites [68] Ochsner KN Bunge SA Gross JJ Gabrieli JD Rethinking feelings: an FMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion J Cogn Neurosci 2002 14 1215 1229 12495527
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results of exploratory analyses, while preliminary, support prominent reductions in RPFC volume common across physical abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect CM subtypes, as well as patterns of additional regional volume decreases in the CM subtypes.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The PFC is one of the brain regions most vulnerable to stress in animal models, showing stress-related decreases in dendritic length, branching and spine densities.3, 48,50.59”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites 3, 48,50.59
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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In the paper
“acute effects of stress on corticostriatal-limbic morphology demonstrated in the basic models include epigenetic effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, dysregulated functioning of neurotransmitter and intracellular signaling pathways, as well as reductions in neurotrophic factors and neurogenesis.3,50–54”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3] Monroy E Hernandez-Torres E Flores G Maternal separation disrupts dendritic morphology of neurons in prefronal cortex, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens in male rat offspring J Chem Neuroanat 2010 In Press 20553852
- Not checked yetcites [50] Arnsten AF Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function Nat Rev Neurosci 2009 10 410 422 19455173 PMC2907136
- Not checked yetcites [51] Plotsky PM Thrivikraman KV Nemeroff CB Caldji C Sharma S Meaney MJ Long-term consequences of neonatal rearing on central corticotropin-releasing factor systems in adult male rat offspring Neuropsychopharmacology 2005 30 2192 2204 15920504
- Not checked yetcites [52] Liu D Diorio J Day JC Francis DD Meaney MJ Maternal care, hippocampal synaptogenesis and cognitive development in rats Nat Neuroscience 2000 3 799 806 10903573
- Not checked yetcites [53] Gould E McEwen BS Tanapat P Galea LA Fuchs E Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the adult tree shrew is regulated by psychosocial stress and NMDA receptor activation J Neurosci 1997 17 2492 2498 9065509 PMC6573503
- Not checked yetcites [54] Gould E Tanapat P McEwen BS Flugge G Fuchs E Proliferation of granule cell precursors in the dentate gyrus of adult monkeys is diminished by stress Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998 95 3168 3171 9501234 PMC19713
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Timing and duration of CM exposure may influence GM differences.110”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [110] Tottenham N Sheridan MA A review of adversity, the amygdala and the hippocampus: a consideration of developmental timing Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2010 3 1 18 PMC2813726 20161700
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time for the development of mood, anxiety and addictive disorders and CM has been linked to increased vulnerability to these disorders.25,69,117–119”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25] Spinhoven P Elzinga BM Hovens JG The specificity of childhood adversities and negative life events across the life span to anxiety and depressive disorders J Affect Disord 2010 In Press 20304501
- Not checked yetcites [69] Ferry AT Ongur D An X Price JL Prefrontal cortical projections to the striatum in macaque monkeys: evidence for an organization related to prefrontal networks J Comp Neurol 2000 425 447 470 10972944
- Not checked yetcites [117] Parker G Hadzi-Pavlovic D Greenwald S Weissman M Low parental care as a risk factor to lifetime depression in a community sample J Affect Disorders 1995 33 173 180 7790669
- Not checked yetcites [118] Galler JR Bryce CP Waber D Early childhood malnutrition predicts depressive symptoms at ages 11–17 J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2010 51 789 798 20331492 PMC2906663
- Not checked yetcites [119] Colvert E Rutter M Beckett C Emotional difficulties in early adolescence following severe early deprivation: findings from the English and Romanian adoptees study Dev Psycopathol 2008 20 547 567 18423094
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“it has been theorized that an individual's perception of the neglect and/or maltreatment may be especially relevant in the psychological and neuropsychological development of the child.116”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [116] Browne C Winkelman C The effect of childhood trauma on later psychological adjustment J Interpers Violence 2007 22 684 697 17515430
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“self-reports have been shown previously to be reliable and may be sensitive to CM that may not reach clinical awareness.41,42,114,115”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [41] Bernstein DP Stein JA Newcomb MD Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Child Abuse Negl 2003 27 169 190 12615092
- Not checked yetcites [42] Scher CD Stein MB Asmundson GJ McCreary DR Forde DR The childhood trauma questionnaire in a community sample: psychometric properties and normative data J Trauma Stress 2001 14 843 857 11776429
- Not checked yetcites [114] Fink LA Bernstein D Handelsman L Foote J Lovejoy M Initial reliability and validity of the childhood trauma interview: a new multidimensional measure of childhood interpersonal trauma Am J Psychiatry 1995 152 1329 1335 7653689
- Not checked yetcites [115] Bernstein DP Fink L Handelsman L Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect Am J Psychiatry 1994 151 1132 1136 8037246
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“emotional neglect was the most frequently reported subtype; findings seen only within this subgroup may have resulted from greater power to detect differences.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Pubertal hormones have organizing effects on the development of this system, and its development has been shown to be sexually dimorphic.31,32,102”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] Lenroot RK Gogtay N Greenstein DK Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence NeuroImage 2007 36 1065 1073 17513132 PMC2040300
- Not checked yetcites [32] McEwen BS Permanence of brain sex differences and structural plasticity of the adult brain Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999 96 7128 7130 10377379 PMC33584
- Not checked yetcites [102] McCormick CM Mathews IZ HPA function in adolescence: role of sex hormones in its regulation and the enduring consequences of exposure to stressors Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007 86 220 233 16901532
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CTQ ratings are limited by the use of retrospective self-reports and do not assess ages at which maltreatment occurred, making exploration of possible differential effects of the timing of maltreatment on brain development difficult.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Findings in these sensory association regions are consistent with parietal alterations found in adults reporting CM exposure and borderline personality disorder86 and parietal and occipital alterations in PTSD,87 suggesting CM may alter perceptual integration through adulthood via GM changes.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [86] Irle E Lange C Sachsse U Reduced size and abnormal asymmetry of parietal cortex in women with borderline personality disorder Biol Psychiatry 2005 57 173 182 15652877
- Not checked yetcites [87] Bremner JD Vermetten E Vythilingam M Neural correlates of the classic color and emotional stroop in women with abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder Biol Psychiatry 2004 55 612 620 15013830
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Animal models suggest that estrogen may mediate stress sensitivity in PFC103 and hippocampus.104”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [103] Shansky RM Glavis-Bloom C Lerman D Estrogen mediates sex differences in stress-induced prefrontal cortex dysfunction Mol Psychiatry 2004 9 531 538 14569273
- Not checked yetcites [104] Dalla C Whetstone AS Hodes GE Shors TJ Stressful experience has opposite effects on dendritic spines in the hippocampus of cycling versus masculinized females Neurosci Lett 2009 449 52 56 18952150 PMC3289544
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings suggest that early emotional neglect may alter the development of this emotional regulation system, conferring increased risk for the development of mood disorders.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“these regions are key components in the neural circuitry that underlies impulse control.69,70”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [69] Ferry AT Ongur D An X Price JL Prefrontal cortical projections to the striatum in macaque monkeys: evidence for an organization related to prefrontal networks J Comp Neurol 2000 425 447 470 10972944
- Not checked yetcites [70] Sinha R Chronic stress, drug use, and vulnerability to addiction Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008 1141 105 130 18991954 PMC2732004
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Development of this circuitry is also sexually dimorphic;31,105 estrogen has been demonstrated to have a neuroprotective effect in the striatum, suggesting reduced vulnerability in this region in females.106”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] Lenroot RK Gogtay N Greenstein DK Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence NeuroImage 2007 36 1065 1073 17513132 PMC2040300
- Not checked yetcites [105] Filipek PA Richelme C Kennedy DN Caviness VS Jr The young adult human brain: an MRI-based morphometric analysis Cereb Cortex 1994 4 344 360 7950308
- Not checked yetcites [106] Dluzen DE Neuroprotective effects of estrogen upon the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system J Neurocytol 2000 29 387 399 11424955
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As the regional distribution of the volume decreases with CM are similar to those found in psychiatric and behavioral difficulties, we interpreted the volume decreases to represent vulnerability factors.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Subjects were without history of neurological illness, head trauma with loss of consciousness or major medical disorder.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > METHODS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results were considered significant at p<0.005 (uncorrected) and clusters >50voxels.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > METHODS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Subjects were recruited from a sample of children identified at birth to be at high risk for CM and followed longitudinally (by LCM). Participants were also recruited from the greater New Haven Connecticut community, allowing for a sample of adolescents reporting a spectrum of CM severity.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > METHODS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Written informed consent was obtained from parents/guardians, and assent from minors, in accordance with the institutional review board of the Yale School of Medicine.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > METHODS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Childhood maltreatment exposure precedes and contributes to the observed gray matter volume differences rather than being a consequence of them or sharing a common cause.
“suggesting that in the absence of known psychiatric disorders CM may alter corticostriatal-limbic GM”
“This study suggests that corticostriatal-limbic brain changes may mediate increased risk for these disorders in association with self-reported CM.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The observed regional gray matter volume reductions are not attributable to unmeasured confounding beyond age.
“Whole-brain linear regression analysis was performed in SPM5, covarying for age, to investigate the relationship between total CTQ scores and GM volume.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“With respect to structural correlates, ELS/CT is associated with disruptive development and reduced volume of corpus callosum, insula, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior cingulate gyrus, and caudate, as well as decreased cortical thickness of medial and lateral prefrontal and temporal lobe regions, and reduced overall brain volume in humans (416, 417, 425, 4”
From Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation (2019) · cites this paper as [432]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“With respect to amygdala, the results from human studies regarding the volumetric effect of ELS/CT are inconclusive, with some studies reporting reduced volume (416, 428, 430, 444), some differential effects according to specific type of ELS/CT (432, 445), and some even greater amygdala volume (in non-human primates) (446).”
From Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation (2019) · cites this paper as [432]
In the citing paper
“threat exposure in childhood is associated with reduced volume and/or thickness of the vmPFC”
From Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience (2014) · cites this paper as Edmiston et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“To exclude the effects of age, gender, intellectual ability and depression,31–33 we included these measures as regressors.”
From Ventral striatum dysfunction in children and adolescents with reactive attachment disorder: functional MRI study (2015) · cites this paper as [31]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > METHODS
“All but six participants reported some form of CM, defined as a score of five or more on any of the five CM subtype scores.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > METHODS
“Each CTQ subscale has five items so that subscale scores range from five (no maltreatment) to twenty-five (severe maltreatment).”
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity
Teicher, M. H., Samson, J. A., Anderson, C. M., & Ohashi, K. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.111 · Cited by 1,856
Annual research review: enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect
Teicher, M. H., & Samson, J. A. (2016) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12507 · Cited by 1,473
“Typically, the CTQ was used as a quantitative measure of severity of exposure (regardless of type) within mixed samples (with and without psychopathology) (Malykhin, Carter, Hegadoren, Seres, & Coupland, 2012), community samples (Teicher, Anderson, & Polcari, 2012) or samples without discernible psychopathology (Dannl…”
InfluentialMcLaughlin, K. A., Sheridan, M. A., & Lambert, H. K. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.012 · Cited by 1,389
The Brain on Stress: Vulnerability and Plasticity of the Prefrontal Cortex over the Life Course
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“In particular, physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect were associated with rostral prefrontal graymatter reductions and decreases in dorsolateral and orbitofrontal cortices, insula, and ventral striatum were associated with physical abuse, while decreases in cerebellum were associated with physical ne…”
InfluentialChildhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review
McLaughlin, K. A., Weissman, D., & Bitrán, D. (2019) · Annual Review of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084950 · Cited by 892
Paradise lost: the neurobiological and clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect
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“Several additional studies of adolescents and adults without psychopathology (Edmiston et al., 2011), as well as those with substance use disorders (Van Dam et al., 2014) and psychotic disorders (Sheffield et al., 2013) and a recent meta-analysis reported widespread reductions in gray matter…”
BackgroundNusslock, R., & Miller, G. E. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.017 · Cited by 672
“Consistent with the notion that adversity influences how this circuitry develops, morphometric studies have documented smaller amygdala volumes in maltreated (25) and disadvantaged (26,27) youth.”
BackgroundBehavioral problems after early life stress: contributions of the hippocampus and amygdala
Hanson, J. L., Nacewicz, B. M., Sutterer, M. J., Cayo, A. A., Schaefer, S. M., Rudolph, K. D., Shirtcliff, E. A., Pollak, S. D., & Davidson, R. J. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.020 · Cited by 627
“more recent results in a similar-age sample of children who experienced this ELS (62).”
BackgroundResultEarly Adverse Experiences and the Developing Brain
Bick, J., & Nelson, C. A. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.252 · Cited by 559
“In one study, the severity of retrospective reports of emotional neglect (but not other types of maltreatment) was inversely inversely associated with hippocampal volumes (Edmiston et al, 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialLippard, E. T. C., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2020) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19010020 · Cited by 527
Colich, N. L., Rosen, M. L., Williams, E. S., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2020) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000270 · Cited by 433
Teicher, M. H., & Parigger, A. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117423 · Cited by 421
“ACE and CTQ scores have proven useful as research tools as high levels of exposure to childhood adversity, as indicated by these scales, is associated with increased risk for psychopathology [5,9,10,11,12,13,55,56,57,58,59,60,61] and with discernible differences in brain structure and function [62,63,64,65,66].”
MethodAgorastos, A., Pervanidou, P., Chrousos, G. P., & Baker, D. G. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00118 · Cited by 385
“With respect to amygdala, the results from human studies regarding the volumetric effect of ELS/CT are inconclusive, with some studies reporting reduced volume (416, 428, 430, 444), some differential effects according to specific type of ELS/CT (432, 445), and some even greater amygdala volume (in non-human primates)…”
ResultGray matter abnormalities in childhood maltreatment: a voxel-wise meta-analysis
Lim, L., Radua, J., & Rubia, K. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13101427 · Cited by 336
Teicher, M. H., Gordon, J. B., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01367-9 · Cited by 325
“CM is also associated with attenuated development of the anterior cingulate [41–43], orbitofrontal [39, 44, 45], M.”
BackgroundDannlowski, U., Kugel, H., Huber, F., Stuhrmann, A., Redlich, R., Grotegerd, D., Dohm, K., Sehlmeyer, C., Konrad, C., Baune, B. T., et al. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22112 · Cited by 249
“Furthermore, childhood maltreatment was al- ready repeatedly associated with reduced hippocampal volumes (Bremner et al., 1997; Edmiston et al., 2011; Frodl et al., 2010; Teicher et al., 2012; Vythilingam et al., 2002), which is also a frequent finding in major depression (MacQueen and Frodl, 2010).”
BackgroundWang, L., Dai, Z., Peng, H., Tan, L., Ding, Y., He, Z., Zhang, Y., Xia, M., Li, Z., Li, W., et al. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22241 · Cited by 236
“Volume decreases in ACC, caudate, amygdala and insula have also been shown in studies of adults reporting childhood maltreatment with and without psychiatric diagnosis [Cohen et al., 2006; Dannlowski et al., 2012; Driessen et al., 2000; Edmiston et al., 2011].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMoffitt, T. E., & Tank, T. K.-G. 2. T. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579413000801 · Cited by 263
“Structural abnormalities in this region have been reported for maltreated juveniles (Andersen & Tomada, 2008; De Bellis & Keshavan, 2002; Edmiston et al., 2011; Hanson et al., 2010), as have a few functional findings.”
BackgroundHippocampal atrophy in major depression: a function of childhood maltreatment rather than diagnosis?
Opel, N., Redlich, R., Zwanzger, P., Grotegerd, D., Arolt, V., Heindel, W., Konrad, C., Kugel, H., & Dannlowski, U. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.145 · Cited by 214
“…of hippocampal volume), which is also in accordance with several previous studies reporting similar effects and effect sizes (Dannlowski et al, 2012; Edmiston et al, 2011; Teicher et al, 2012) but contradicts a study by Lenze et al (2008) that found childhood adversity to be associated with…”
BackgroundResultKelly, P. A., Viding, E. M., Wallace, G. L., Schaer, M., Brito, S. A. D., Robustelli, B. L., & McCrory, E. J. P. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.06.020 · Cited by 228
“Structural studies have identi fi ed GMV decrease in the insula in children (62) and adults (63) who have experienced physical abuse and childhood maltreatment, respectively.”
Childhood maltreatment: altered network centrality of cingulate, precuneus, temporal pole and insula
Teicher, M. H., Anderson, C. M., Ohashi, K., & Polcari, A. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.016 · Cited by 202
“These include: left anterior cinguate (39, 40, 42, 43); right occipital pole (79); left temporal pole (44); and right medial frontal gyrus (43, 45).”
BackgroundChildhood Maltreatment and Psychopathology Affect Brain Development During Adolescence
Whittle, S., Dennison, M., Vijayakumar, N., Simmons, J. G., Yücel, M., Lubman, D. I., Pantelis, C., & Allen, N. B. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.06.007 · Cited by 187
Tomoda, A., Polcari, A., Anderson, C. M., & Teicher, M. H. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052528 · Cited by 190
“Those studies have predominantly identified alterations in corpus callosum, hippocampus and frontal cortex [13,54,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71].”
Nolte, T., Guiney, J., Fonagy, P., Mayes, L. C., & Luyten, P. (2011) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00055 · Cited by 210
Frodl, T., Carballedo, A., Hughes, M. M., Saleh, K., Fagan, A., Skokauskas, N., McLoughlin, D. M., Meaney, J., O'Keane, V, & Connor, T. J. (2012) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.14 · Cited by 176
Resilience and the brain: a key role for regulatory circuits linked to social stress and support
Holz, N. E., Tost, H., & Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0551-9 · Cited by 162
Childhood abuse and reduced cortical thickness in brain regions involved in emotional processing
Gold, A. L., Sheridan, M. A., Peverill, M., Busso, D. S., Lambert, H. K., Alves, S., Pine, D. S., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2016) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12630 · Cited by 164
Child abuse, neural structure, and adolescent psychopathology: a longitudinal study
Busso, D. S., McLaughlin, K. A., Brueck, S., Peverill, M., Gold, A. L., & Sheridan, M. A. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.01.013 · Cited by 164
“Prior structural MRI studies have found associations with maltreatment exposure in the vmPFC,(12,17,22,23,48,49) lateral OFC,(17,19) anterior and posterior cingulate cortices,(17,23,49) ventrolateral PFC (including inferior frontal gyrus [IFG]),(19) dorsolateral PFC (including middle and superior frontal gyri),(17,22,…”
BackgroundMethodResultThe effects of early life adversity on children’s mental health and cognitive functioning
Wade, M., Wright, L., & Finegold, K. E. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02001-0 · Cited by 184
The Role of Stress in the Pathogenesis and Maintenance of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Adams, T. G., Kelmendi, B., Brake, C. A., Gruner, P., Badour, C. L., & Pittenger, C. (2018) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547018758043 · Cited by 154
“Some human research suggests early-life stressors (including exposure to traumatic events) are associated with gray matter loss throughout corticostriatal-limbic circuitry.(130) Other work has found that recent stressful life events, excessive adverse life events, and lifetime trauma lead more specifically to gray mat…”
BackgroundLong-term consequences of childhood maltreatment: altered amygdala functional connectivity
Jedd, K., Hunt, R. H., Cicchetti, D., Hunt, E., Cowell, R. A., Rogosch, F. A., Toth, S. L., & Thomas, K. M. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000954 · Cited by 149
“In healthy adults, greater amygdala–OFC and amygdala–dlPFC connectivity have been associated with threat-induced anxiety (Gold, Morey, & McCarthy, 2015).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGee, D. G. (2021) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.21090944 · Cited by 148
“By contrast, some evidence suggests that deprivation is more consistently associated with lower gray matter volumes and altered function in frontoparietal regions (41, 126), and with difficulties in executive functioning and language (127–131).”
BackgroundCohodes, E. M., Kitt, E. R., Baskin-sommers, A. R., & Gee, D. G. (2020) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21969 · Cited by 133
“Children exposed to stress also exhibit relatively decreased prefrontal, striatal, and hippocampal volumes compared to their non-stress exposed counterparts (Dannlowski et al., 2012; Edmiston et al., 2011).”
BackgroundRiem, M. M. E., Alink, L. R. A., Out, D., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000127 · Cited by 161
“Edmiston et al. (2011) did not find a significant effect of total CTQ score on hippocampal volume, but reported a significant negative relation between the CTQ emotional neglect subscale and hippocampal volume in a sample of adolescents.”
BackgroundThe social brain: Neurobiological basis of affiliative behaviours and psychological well-being
Walker, S. C., & McGlone, F. P. (2013) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2013.10.008 · Cited by 145
“Consistent with animal research, a number of studies have found a reduction in grey matter volume in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, striatum and hippocampus of children, adolescents and adults who have suffered childhood maltreatment (Edmiston et al., 2011; Tottenham et al., 2010).”
ResultSheth, C. S., McGlade, E., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. A. (2017) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547017715645 · Cited by 147
Agorastos, A., Pervanidou, P., Chrousos, G. P., & Kolaitis, G. A. (2018) · HORMONES · doi:10.1007/s42000-018-0065-x · Cited by 139
Early-life and pubertal stress differentially modulate grey matter development in human adolescents
Tyborowska, A., Volman, I., Niermann, H. C. M., Pouwels, J. L., Smeekens, S., Cillessen, A. H. N., Toni, I., & Roelofs, K. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27439-5 · Cited by 118
Saxbe, D., Khoddam, H., Piero, L. B. D., Stoycos, S. A., Gimbel, S. I., Margolin, G., & Kaplan, J. (2018) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12686 · Cited by 111
Aas, M., Navari, S., Gibbs, A. A., Mondelli, V., Fisher, H. L., Morgan, C., Morgan, K. D., MacCabe, J. H., Reichenberg, A., Zanelli, J., et al. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.01.035 · Cited by 114
“, 2011), and with studies on nonpsychotic adolescents exposed to trauma, adults with PTSD or with dissociative disorder, a disorder in itself characterized by a high prevalence of childhood trauma (Vermetten et al., 2006; Thomaes et al., 2010; Edmiston et al., 2011).”
BackgroundCanalization and plasticity in psychopathology
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Chandaria, S., Erritzøe, D., Gazzaley, A. H., Girn, M., Kettner, H., Mediano, P. A. M., Nutt, D. J., Rosas, F. E., Roseman, L., et al. (2022) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109398 · Cited by 107
Childhood adversity impacts on brain subcortical structures relevant to depression
Frodl, T., Janowitz, D., Schmaal, L., Tozzi, L., Dobrowolny, H., Stein, D. J., Veltman, D. J., Wittfeld, K., van Erp, T. G. M., Jahanshad, N., et al. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.11.010 · Cited by 105
“Edmiston et al. found that total CTQ scores were negatively correlated (p < 0.005) with grey matter volume of prefrontal cortex, striatum, amygdala, sensory association cortices, and cerebellum (Edmiston et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHowell, B., McCormack, K. M., Grand, A. P., Sawyer, N. T., Zhang, X., Maestripieri, D., Hu, X. P., & Sánchez, M. M. (2013) · Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1186/2045-5380-3-21 · Cited by 112
Longitudinal Outcomes for Victims of Child Abuse
Buckingham, E. T., & Daniolos, P. (2013) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0342-3 · Cited by 108
“[35] conducted an MRI study of 42 adolescents with a selfreported history of maltreatment that did not have psychiatric diagnoses.”
BackgroundDannlowski, U., Kugel, H., Grotegerd, D., Redlich, R., Opel, N., Dohm, K., Zaremba, D., Grögler, A., Schwieren, J., Suslow, T., et al. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.12.010 · Cited by 109
“Based on previous findings that 1) OXTR is strongly expressed in limbic areas, particularly in the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) and the amygdala (19); 2) OXTR rs53576 has already been shown to modulate amygdala responsiveness to aversive facial expressions (10); and 3) that childhood maltreatment has been asso…”
Tozzi, L., Garczarek, L., Janowitz, D., Stein, D. J., Wittfeld, K., Dobrowolny, H., Lagopoulos, J., Hatton, S. N., Hickie, I. B., Carballedo, A., et al. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171900093x · Cited by 99
“Supporting this theory, CM was found to be associated with reduced brain volumes in the amygdala, PFC, and cerebellum (Frodl et al., 2010; Edmiston et al., 2011; Dannlowski et al., 2012; Teicher et al., 2016) – regions also reported to be affected in MDD (Wise et al.”
Brain morphology in school-aged children with prenatal opioid exposure: A structural MRI study.
Sirnes, E., Oltedal, L., Bartsch, H., Eide, G., Elgen, I., & Aukland, S. M. (2017) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.01.009 · Cited by 84
Early life stress modulates oxytocin effects on limbic system during acute psychosocial stress
Grimm, S., Pestke, K., Feeser, M., Aust, S., Weigand, A., Wang, J., Wingenfeld, K., Pruessner, J. C., Marca, R. L., Böker, H., et al. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu020 · Cited by 106
Janiri, D., Sani, G., Rossi, P. D., Piras, F., Iorio, M., Banaj, N., Giuseppin, G., Spinazzola, E., Maggiora, M., Ambrosi, E., et al. (2017) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12516 · Cited by 99
Yildirim, B. O., & Derksen, J. J. L. (2015) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2015.05.001 · Cited by 124
General and specific effects of early-life psychosocial adversities on adolescent grey matter volume
Walsh, N., Dalgleish, T., Lombardo, M. V., Dunn, V. J., van Harmelen, A., Ban, M., & Goodyer, I. M. (2014) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2014.01.001 · Cited by 97
“…been in the frontal lobe (Dannlowski et al., 2012; De Brito et al., 2013; Hanson et al., 2010), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (Baker et al., 2013; Edmiston et al., 2011; Kelly et al., 2013; van Harmelen et al., 2010), amygdala (Hoy et al., 2012; Weniger et al., 2009; Yap et al., 2008),…”
InfluentialLuby, J. L., Tillman, R., & Barch, D. M. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11426 · Cited by 101
Peer victimization and its impact on adolescent brain development and psychopathology
Quinlan, E. B., Barker, E. D., Luo, Q., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L. W., Bromberg, U., Büchel, C., Desrivières, S., Flor, H., Frouin, V., et al. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0297-9 · Cited by 118
Lawson, G. M., Camins, J. S., Wisse, L. E. M., Wu, J., Duda, J., Cook, P. A., Gee, J. C., & Farah, M. J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175690 · Cited by 96
“Other reports have noted smaller amygdala in maltreated children [3,20], and still others have reported no differences in amygdala volume associated with childhood maltreatment [12,13,21].”
BackgroundFunctional and Structural Brain Correlates of Socioeconomic Status
Yaple, Z. A., & Yu, R. (2019) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz080 · Cited by 103
Heritability of subcortical brain measures: A perspective for future genome-wide association studies
den Braber, A., Bohlken, M. M., Brouwer, R. M., Ent, D. V. ‘., Ryota Kanai, C., Kahn, R. S., de Geus, E. J. C., Pol, H. E. H., & Boomsma, D. I. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.027 · Cited by 93
“…and supported by studies that found associations between negative life events (e.g., childhood sexual abuse, childhood stress and childhood maltreatment) and gray matter volume changes (Edmiston et al., 2011; Frodl et al., 2010; Tomoda et al., 2009) related to several psychiatric disorders.”
BackgroundIntersections of individual and neighborhood disadvantage: Implications for child maltreatment
Maguire‐Jack, K., & Font, S. A. (2016) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.10.015 · Cited by 96
“…to result in changes to biological stress systems, which may have neurological consequences, including delays in cognitive and academic skills (Edmiston et al., 2011; McCrory, De Brito, & Viding, 2011; Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000; Watts-English, Fortson, Gibler, Hooper, & De Bellis,…”
BackgroundGershoff, E. T. (2016) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12177 · Cited by 112
“Researchers have speculated that this overuse would result in smaller amygdala, and this has been found in some studies (Edmiston et al., 2011; Hanson et al., 2015; Woon & Hedges, 2008).”
ResultAdverse Childhood Events and Health Biomarkers: A Systematic Review
Soares, S., Rocha, V., Kelly‐Irving, M., Stringhini, S., & Fraga, S. J. D. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.649825 · Cited by 96
Suzuki, H., Luby, J. L., Botteron, K. N., Dietrich, R., McAvoy, M. P., & Barch, D. M. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.04.013 · Cited by 92
Corporal Punishment and Elevated Neural Response to Threat in Children
Cuartas, J. A., Weissman, D. G., Sheridan, M. A., Lengua, L. J., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2021) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13565 · Cited by 107
“Reductions in gray matter volume in the same regions of the mPFC have also been observed in children exposed to abuse (Edmiston et al., 2011; Hanson et al., 2010) and community violence (Butler et al., 2018).”
BackgroundChild Neglect: Challenges and Controversies
Proctor, L. J., & Dubowitz, H. (2013) · Child maltreatment · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7208-3_2 · Cited by 102
Ohashi, K., Anderson, C. M., Bolger, E. A., Khan, A., McGreenery, C. E., & Teicher, M. H. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.10.016 · Cited by 94
Kong, L., Chen, K., Womer, F., Jiang, W., Luo, X., Driesen, N., Liu, J., Blumberg, H., Tang, Y., Xu, K., et al. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.02.003 · Cited by 84
“…CM was associated with more robust effects in brain regions that subserve emotional regulation, including the PFC, amygdala and hippocampus, whereas in adolescent males, effects were more prominent in brain regions that subserve impulse control, including PFC and striatum (Edmiston et al., 2011).”
BackgroundA review on the relationship between testosterone and life-course persistent antisocial behavior
Yildirim, B. O., & Derksen, J. J. L. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.044 · Cited by 92
“, 2001), and reduced gray matter volumes of this structure in adolescence and adulthood (Hanson et al., 2010; Thomaes et al., 2010; Edmiston et al., 2011).”
BackgroundNeurocognitive Development of Motivated Behavior: Dynamic Changes across Childhood and Adolescence
Gee, D. G., Bath, K. G., Johnson, C. M., Meyer, H. C., Murty, V. P., van den Bos, W., & Hartley, C. A. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1674-18.2018 · Cited by 86
“These effects are mediated by altered patterns of neural structure, function, and connectivity in prefrontal-subcortical circuitry (Edmiston et al., 2011; Gee et al., 2013a; Hanson et al., 2013; Herringa et al., 2013; Bick et al., 2015; Thomason et al., 2015; Chen and Baram, 2016; Teicher et al., 2016; Fareri et al.,…”
BackgroundVanTieghem, M., Korom, M., Flannery, J., Choy, T., Caldera, C., Humphreys, K. L., Gabard-Durnam, L. J., Goff, B., Gee, D. G., Telzer, E. H., et al. (2021) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100916 · Cited by 88
“…volume is mixed, with some studies showing larger (Lupien et al., 2011; Mehta et al., 2009; Roth et al., 2018; Tot-tenham et al., 2010), smaller (Edmiston, 2011; Hanson et al., 2014; Luby, 2013; Noble et al., 2012) or no differences (Hodel et al., 2014; King et al., 2018; Noble et al., 2015;…”
ResultGrey matter volume and thickness abnormalities in young people with a history of childhood abuse
Lim, L. L., Hart, H. C., Mehta, M. A., Worker, A., Simmons, A., Mirza, K., & Rubia, K. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717002392 · Cited by 78
“2014) and other volumetric studies that found significantly reduced OFC CV in children (Hanson et al. 2010; Edmiston et al. 2011; De Brito et al. 2013; Hodel et al. 2015) and adults (Thomaes et al.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialFrodl, T., Skokauskas, N., Frey, E.-M., Morris, D. W., Gill, M., & Carballedo, A. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22584 · Cited by 81
The neurobiological effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function, and attachment
Tomoda, A., Nishitani, S., Takiguchi, S., Fujisawa, T. X., Sugiyama, T., & Teicher, M. H. (2024) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-024-01779-y · Cited by 115
Early life stress and substance use disorders: The critical role of adolescent substance use
Kirsch, D. E., & Lippard, E. (2022) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173360 · Cited by 86
Gray matter differences in patients with functional movement disorders
Maurer, C. W., LaFaver, K., Limachia, G. S., Capitan, G., Ameli, R., Sinclair, S., Epstein, S. A., Hallett, M., & Horovitz, S. G. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000006514 · Cited by 72
Rakesh, D., Allen, N. B., & Whittle, S. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721003135 · Cited by 79
Yildirim, B. O., & Derksen, J. J. L. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.009 · Cited by 81
Cohodes, E. M., Kribakaran, S., Odriozola, P., Bakirci, S., McCauley, S., Hodges, H. R., Sisk, L. M., Zacharek, S. J., & Gee, D. G. (2021) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.22158 · Cited by 85
Moreno-Rius, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100774 · Cited by 77
Howell, B. R., Grand, A. P., McCormack, K. M., Shi, Y., LaPrarie, J. L., Maestripieri, D., Styner, M. A., & Sanchez, M. M. (2014) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21237 · Cited by 72
“…more diffuse neural alterations including reductions in temporal, frontal, and parietal cortical gray matter (GM) volumes and decreased corpus callosum (CC) and white matter (WM) volumes (De Brito et al., 2013; Edmiston et al., 2011; Hanson et al., 2010; Hanson et al., 2012; Teicher et al., 2003).”
Liao, M., Yang, F., Zhang, Y., He, Z., Song, M., Jiang, T., Li, Z., Lu, S., Wu, W., Su, L., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071898 · Cited by 70
“However, recently two studies [29,30] have reported an increased amygdala volume, whereas one study [31] have found a decreased amgdala volume in healthy adolescents who had experienced childhood maltreatment.”
BackgroundMethodBartholomeusz, C. F., Cropley, V., Wannan, C., Biase, M. A. D., McGorry, P. D., & Pantelis, C. (2016) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867416670522 · Cited by 68
“Childhood trauma is (1) associated with GM volume reductions and cortical thinning in the general population (Carrion et al., 2009; Edmiston et al., 2011; Hanson et al., 2010; Kelly et al., 2013), (2) linked with increased risk of psychosis (Barrigon et al., 2015; Thompson et al., 2014) and (3) has…”
BackgroundGehred, M. Z., Knodt, A. R., Ambler, A. P., Bourassa, K. J., Danese, A., Elliott, M. L., Hogan, S., Ireland, D. R., Poulton, R., Ramrakha, S., et al. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.971 · Cited by 72
Potenza, M. N. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.05.007 · Cited by 71
Begemann, M., Schutte, M. J. L., van Dellen, E., Abramovic, L., Boks, M. P., van Haren, N. E. M., Mandl, R. C. W., Vinkers, C. H., Bohlken, M. M., & Sommer, I. E. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721002087 · Cited by 65
“Studies in maltreated children and adolescent samples have consistently shown frontal gray matter reductions, rather than hippocampal or amygdala reductions (De Brito et al., 2013; Edmiston et al., 2011; Hanson et al., 2010; Kelly et al., 2013).”
BackgroundEarly adversity, neural development, and inflammation
Chiang, J. J., Taylor, S. E., & Bower, J. E. (2015) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21329 · Cited by 72
“Similarly, irrational punishment, high levels of family conflict, and maternal depressive symptomatology (which is associated with poor maternal care), and cumulative life stress have been associated with larger amygdala and smaller PFC volume in children and adolescents (Edmiston et al., 2011; Hanson et al., 2012; Ko…”
BackgroundMaternal sensitivity and the empathic brain: Influences of early life maltreatment
Mielke, E. L., Neukel, C., Bertsch, K., Reck, C., Möhler, E., & Herpertz, S. C. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.013 · Cited by 64
“…have reported reduced gray matter volumes in the emotional empathy network in women with ELM, particularly in the anterior cingulate cortex (Carballedo et al., 2012, Frodl and O’Keane, 2013, McCrory et al., 2011) and the insula (Baker et al., 2013, Dannlowski et al., 2012, Edmiston et al., 2011).”
BackgroundHerringa, R. J., Phillips, M. L., Fournier, J. C. J., Kronhaus, D. M., & Germain, A. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712002310 · Cited by 68
“Structural brain studies of traumaexposed children (without apparent psychiatric illness) suggest reduced volume of the PFC (Hanson et al. 2010 ; Edmiston et al. 2011).”
BackgroundEveraerd, D., Klumpers, F., Zwiers, M. P., Guadalupe, T. M., Franke, B., van Oostrom, I., Schene, A. H., Fernández, G., & Tendolkar, I. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.344 · Cited by 62
“…cortex, sensory association cortices, anterior cingulate gyrus, the amygdala, hippocampus, insula, striatum, and the cerebellum have been found in healthy individuals when compared with controls with no history of adverse childhood experiences (Dannlowski et al, 2012; Edmiston et al, 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialLife Course Epidemiology of Trauma and Related Psychopathology in Civilian Populations
Fink, D. S., & Galea, S. (2015) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0566-0 · Cited by 76
Takiguchi, S., Fujisawa, T. X., Mizushima, S., Saito, D. N., Okamoto, Y., Shimada, K., Koizumi, M., Kumazaki, H., Jung, M., Kosaka, H., et al. (2015) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.001586 · Cited by 63
RetractedAnnual Research Review: Neuroimmune network model of depression: a developmental perspective
Nusslock, R., Alloy, L. B., Brody, G. H., & Miller, G. E. (2024) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13961 · Cited by 67
Lippard, E., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2023) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.19010020 · Cited by 67
Safety learning during development: Implications for development of psychopathology
Grasser, L. R., & Jovanović, T. (2021) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113297 · Cited by 57
Maguire‐Jack, K., & Negash, T. (2015) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.11.016 · Cited by 59
“Children experiencing abuse and neglect are at risk for negative consequences in virtually every domain of development (Edmiston et al., 2011; McCrory, De Brito, & Viding, 2011; Putnam, 2003; Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000;Watts-English, Fortson, Gibler, Hooper, & De Bellis, 2006;Wilson, Hansen, & Li,…”
BackgroundGupta, A., Mayer, E. A., Acosta, J. R., Hamadani, K., Torgerson, C., van Horn, J. D., Chang, L., Naliboff, B., Tillisch, K., & Labus, J. S. (2017) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.02.003 · Cited by 56
“Previous research has demonstrated decreased gyrification and volume of the anterior insula and anterior mid-cingulate cortex in both adults (Dannlowski et al., 2012) and in children who have experienced early adversity (McCrory et al., 2012; Edmiston et al., 2011).”
Effect of childhood maltreatment and brain-derived neurotrophic factor on brain morphology
van Velzen, L. S., Schmaal, L., Jansen, R., Milaneschi, Y., Opmeer, E. M., Elzinga, B. M., van der Wee, N. J. A., Veltman, D. J., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw086 · Cited by 58
“Previous studies have reported conflicting results, including increased (Pechtel et al., 2014), decreased (Edmiston et al., 2011; Hanson et al., 2014) and unaltered amygdala volume (Woon and Hedges, 2008) in maltreated subjects.”
MethodResultPoletti, S., Vai, B., Smeraldi, E., Cavallaro, R., Colombo, C., & Benedetti, F. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.049 · Cited by 58
Barfield, E. T., & Gourley, S. L. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.015 · Cited by 53
“And, decrements in OFC gray matter following childhood maltreatment may mediate vulnerability to depression (Edmiston et al., 2011).”
Hanson, J. L., Albert, D., Skinner, A. T., Shen, S., Dodge, K. A., & Lansford, J. E. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000592 · Cited by 56
“For example, there have been multiple reports of smaller volumes in the amygdala and the vmPFC in relation to childhood exposure to poverty (Edmiston et al., 2011; Hanson, Nacewicz, et al., 2015; Holz et al., 2015; Luby et al., 2013).”
BackgroundKelly, P. A., Viding, E. M., Puetz, V. B., Palmer, A. L., Mechelli, A., Pingault, J., Samuel, S., & McCrory, E. J. P. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000966 · Cited by 64
“To our knowledge, there has been one correlational study exploring sex differences and the impact of maltreatment on regional GMV in a single group of children exposed to adversity (Edmiston et al., 2011).”
BackgroundCancel, A., Comte, M., Truillet, R., Boukezzi, S. C., Rousseau, P., Zendjidjian, X. Y., Sage, T., Lazerges, P., Guedj, É., Khalfa, S., et al. (2015) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12455 · Cited by 61
“For healthy controls (HC), a relationship has been established between childhood trauma and grey matter decreases in VBM studies among adults (25, 26) and adolescents (27).”
BackgroundMorphological brain measures of cortico‐limbic inhibition related to resilience
Gupta, A., Love, A., Kilpatrick, L. A., Labus, J. S., Bhatt, R., Chang, L., Tillisch, K., Naliboff, B., & Mayer, E. A. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24007 · Cited by 54
“For example, smaller amygdalae have been observed in individuals exposed to childhood poverty (Luby et al., 2013) and in adolescents having histories of childhood maltreatment (Edmiston et al., 2011).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Edmiston, E. E.
- Venue
- Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-12-01
- Volume
- 165
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1069
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3607102
- OpenAlex
- W1977419693
- Cited by
- 341
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 18.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5rl5da024858-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH086621, R01 MH69747, R01MH069747, R01MH070902)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (RL1DA024856, RL5-DA024858, PL1-DA24859, K05DA020091, PL1DA024859)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (UL1DE019586, UL1DE19586)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- child abuse, gray matter morphology, adolescents, physical abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, sexual abuse, prefrontal cortex, striatum, amygdala, cerebellum, sex differences, emotion regulation, caudate nucleus, impulse dyscontrol
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Child Abuse, Female, Humans, Limbic System, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Disclosure, Sex Factors, Linear Models
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