The DOI matches its Crossref record; 123 of the 125 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 63 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Corticostriatal-Limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents With Self-reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between self-reported exposure to childhood maltreatment (CM) and cerebral gray matter (GM) morphology in adolescents without psychiatric diagnoses. DESIGN: Associations were examined between regional GM morphology and exposure to CM (measured using a childhood trauma self-report questionnaire for physical, emotional, and sexual abuse and for physical and emotional neglect). SETTING: University hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two adolescents without psychiatric diagnoses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlations between childhood trauma self-report questionnaire scores and regional GM volume were assessed in voxel-based analyses of structural magnetic resonance images. Relationships among GM volume, subtypes of exposure to CM, and sex were explored. RESULTS: Childhood trauma self-report questionnaire total scores correlated negatively (P < .005) with GM volume in prefrontal cortex, striatum, amygdala, sensory association cortices, and cerebellum. Physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect were associated with rostral prefrontal reductions. Decreases in dorsolateral and orbitofrontal cortices, insula, and ventral striatum were associated with physical abuse. Decreases in cerebellum were associated with physical neglect. Decreases in dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, and subgenual prefrontal cortices, striatum, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum were associated with emotional neglect. Decreases in the latter emotion regulation regions were also associated with childhood trauma self-report questionnaire scores in girls, while caudate reductions (which may relate to impulse dyscontrol) were seen in boys. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to CM was associated with corticostriatal-limbic GM reductions in adolescents. Even if adolescents reporting exposure to CM do not present with symptoms that meet full criteria for psychiatric disorders, they may have corticostriatal-limbic GM morphologic alterations that place them at risk for behavioral difficulties. Vulnerabilities may be moderated by sex and by subtypes of exposure to CM.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 of 63 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These latter emotion regulation regions were also associated with childhood trauma questionnaire scores in females”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“In females, CTQ total scores were inversely correlated with volume in right RPFC (BA10), bilateral OFC (BA11/47), bilateral sgPFC (BA25/32), bilateral amygdala and hippocampus, right insula, bilateral temporal association cortex (BA20/21/38), bilateral fusiform gyrus (BA20)”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In males, CTQ total scores were inversely correlated with volume in bilateral caudate, bilateral temporoparietal cortex (BA37/40) and left temporo-occipital association cortex (BA37/19)”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All but six participants reported some form of CM, defined as a score of five or more on any of the five CM subtype scores.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > METHODS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, decreases in dorsolateral and orbitofrontal cortices, insula, and ventral striatum were associated with physical abuse”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“physical abuse with left DLPFC (BA46/9), left RPFC (BA10), right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (BA47), and right ventral striatum, right insula and right temporal association cortex (BA20/21)”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Total childhood trauma questionnaire scores correlated negatively (p<0.005) with gray matter volumes in prefrontal cortex, striatum, amygdala, sensory association cortices and cerebellum.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“Total CTQ scores showed a significant inverse correlation with GM volume in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) [Brodmann's Area (BA) 46/9], bilateral rostral prefrontal cortex (RPFC) (BA10), left subgenual PFC (sgPFC) (BA25), bilateral striatum and right amygdala”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in cerebellum with physical neglect”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“physical neglect with left RPFC (BA10), right parietal association cortex (BA40/39) and bilateral cerebellum”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“physical abuse with left DLPFC (BA46/9), left RPFC (BA10), right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (BA47), and right ventral striatum, right insula and right temporal association cortex (BA20/21)”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“physical neglect with left RPFC (BA10), right parietal association cortex (BA40/39) and bilateral cerebellum”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings were present in a sample of adolescents without psychiatric disorders.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in dorsolateral, orbitofrontal and subgenual prefrontal cortices, striatum, amygdala, hippocampus and cerebellum with emotional neglect”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“emotional neglect with bilateral DLPFC (BA46/9), bilateral RPFC (BA10), bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (BA24/32), right superior frontal gyrus (BA8), right OFC (BA47), bilateral sgPFC (BA25), bilateral striatum, bilateral amygdala and hippocampus”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
- It may state two separate claims as one. 23
- The quote only partly states this claim. 3
- Probably not a substantial claim. 14
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was a trend towards an inverse association with left RPFC (BA10); the cluster size was beneath the study threshold at 44 voxels.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In females, CTQ total scores were inversely correlated with volume in right RPFC (BA10), bilateral OFC (BA11/47), bilateral sgPFC (BA25/32), bilateral amygdala and hippocampus, right insula, bilateral temporal association cortex (BA20/21/38), bilateral fusiform gyrus (BA20)”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“emotional neglect with bilateral DLPFC (BA46/9), bilateral RPFC (BA10), bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (BA24/32), right superior frontal gyrus (BA8), right OFC (BA47), bilateral sgPFC (BA25), bilateral striatum, bilateral amygdala and hippocampus”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Total CTQ scores showed a significant inverse correlation with GM volume in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) [Brodmann's Area (BA) 46/9], bilateral rostral prefrontal cortex (RPFC) (BA10), left subgenual PFC (sgPFC) (BA25), bilateral striatum and right amygdala”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Physical abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect were associated with rostral prefrontal reductions.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Females and males did not differ significantly in age, CTQ total or CTQ subscale scores.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > RESULTS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These morphological changes are associated with behavioral changes, including increased impulsive, anxious and depressive behaviors.49,55–57”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [49] Sciolino NR Bortolato M Eisenstein SA Social isolation and chronic handling alter endocannabinoid signaling and behavioral reactivity to context in adult rats Neuroscience 2010 168 371 386 20394803 PMC2882942
- Not checked yetcites [55] Schwandt ML Lindell SG Sjoberg RL Gene-environment interactions and response to social intrusion in male and female rhesus macaques Biol Psychiatry 2010 67 323 330 20015482 PMC2885700
- Not checked yetcites [56] Rosenblum LA Forger C Noland S Trost RC Coplan JD Response of adolescent bonnet macaques to an acute fear stimulus as a function of early rearing conditions Dev Psychobiol 2001 39 40 45 11507708
- Not checked yetcites [57] Kikusui T Mori Y Behavioural and neurochemical consequences of early weaning in rodents J Neuroendocrinol 2009 21 427 431 19207810
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Findings in females were in regions associated with emotional regulation, whereas in males with regions subserving impulse control.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The RPFC is associated with behavioral control functions including directing attention, decision-making, response inhibition and emotional regulation.60–63”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [60] Christoff K Prabhakaran V Dorfman J Rostrolateral prefrontal cortex involvement in relational integration during reasoning NeuroImage 2001 14 1136 1149 11697945
- Not checked yetcites [61] Burgess PW Gilbert SJ Dumontheil I Function and localization within rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2007 362 887 899 17403644 PMC2430004
- Not checked yetcites [62] Miller EK Cohen JD An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function Annu Rev Neurosci 2001 24 167 202 11283309
- Not checked yetcites [63] Wager TD Davidson ML Hughes BL Lindquist MA Ochsner KN Prefrontal-subcortical pathways mediating successful emotion regulation Neuron 2008 59 1037 1050 18817740 PMC2742320
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“DLPFC functions overlap RPFC functions, and include working memory, cognitive reappraisal of affective experience and behavioral planning.64–68”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [64] Levy R Goldman-Rakic PS Segregation of working memory functions within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Exp Brain Res 2000 133 23 32 10933207
- Not checked yetcites [65] Goldin PR McRae K Ramel W Gross JJ The neural bases of emotion regulation: reappraisal and suppression of negative emotion Biol Psychiatry 2008 63 577 586 17888411 PMC2483789
- Not checked yetcites [66] Koechlin E Corrado G Pietrini P Grafman J Dissociating the role of the medial and lateral anterior prefrontal cortex in human planning Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000 97 7651 7656 10852964 PMC16600
- Not checked yetcites [67] Mansouri FA Tanaka K Buckley MJ Conflict-induced behavioural adjustment: a clue to the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex Nat Rev Neurosci 2009 10 141 152 19153577
- Not checked yetcites [68] Ochsner KN Bunge SA Gross JJ Gabrieli JD Rethinking feelings: an FMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion J Cogn Neurosci 2002 14 1215 1229 12495527
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results of exploratory analyses, while preliminary, support prominent reductions in RPFC volume common across physical abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect CM subtypes, as well as patterns of additional regional volume decreases in the CM subtypes.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The PFC is one of the brain regions most vulnerable to stress in animal models, showing stress-related decreases in dendritic length, branching and spine densities.3, 48,50.59”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites 3, 48,50.59
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“acute effects of stress on corticostriatal-limbic morphology demonstrated in the basic models include epigenetic effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, dysregulated functioning of neurotransmitter and intracellular signaling pathways, as well as reductions in neurotrophic factors and neurogenesis.3,50–54”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3] Monroy E Hernandez-Torres E Flores G Maternal separation disrupts dendritic morphology of neurons in prefronal cortex, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens in male rat offspring J Chem Neuroanat 2010 In Press 20553852
- Not checked yetcites [50] Arnsten AF Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function Nat Rev Neurosci 2009 10 410 422 19455173 PMC2907136
- Not checked yetcites [51] Plotsky PM Thrivikraman KV Nemeroff CB Caldji C Sharma S Meaney MJ Long-term consequences of neonatal rearing on central corticotropin-releasing factor systems in adult male rat offspring Neuropsychopharmacology 2005 30 2192 2204 15920504
- Not checked yetcites [52] Liu D Diorio J Day JC Francis DD Meaney MJ Maternal care, hippocampal synaptogenesis and cognitive development in rats Nat Neuroscience 2000 3 799 806 10903573
- Not checked yetcites [53] Gould E McEwen BS Tanapat P Galea LA Fuchs E Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the adult tree shrew is regulated by psychosocial stress and NMDA receptor activation J Neurosci 1997 17 2492 2498 9065509 PMC6573503
- Not checked yetcites [54] Gould E Tanapat P McEwen BS Flugge G Fuchs E Proliferation of granule cell precursors in the dentate gyrus of adult monkeys is diminished by stress Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998 95 3168 3171 9501234 PMC19713
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Timing and duration of CM exposure may influence GM differences.110”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [110] Tottenham N Sheridan MA A review of adversity, the amygdala and the hippocampus: a consideration of developmental timing Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2010 3 1 18 PMC2813726 20161700
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time for the development of mood, anxiety and addictive disorders and CM has been linked to increased vulnerability to these disorders.25,69,117–119”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25] Spinhoven P Elzinga BM Hovens JG The specificity of childhood adversities and negative life events across the life span to anxiety and depressive disorders J Affect Disord 2010 In Press 20304501
- Not checked yetcites [69] Ferry AT Ongur D An X Price JL Prefrontal cortical projections to the striatum in macaque monkeys: evidence for an organization related to prefrontal networks J Comp Neurol 2000 425 447 470 10972944
- Not checked yetcites [117] Parker G Hadzi-Pavlovic D Greenwald S Weissman M Low parental care as a risk factor to lifetime depression in a community sample J Affect Disorders 1995 33 173 180 7790669
- Not checked yetcites [118] Galler JR Bryce CP Waber D Early childhood malnutrition predicts depressive symptoms at ages 11–17 J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2010 51 789 798 20331492 PMC2906663
- Not checked yetcites [119] Colvert E Rutter M Beckett C Emotional difficulties in early adolescence following severe early deprivation: findings from the English and Romanian adoptees study Dev Psycopathol 2008 20 547 567 18423094
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“it has been theorized that an individual's perception of the neglect and/or maltreatment may be especially relevant in the psychological and neuropsychological development of the child.116”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [116] Browne C Winkelman C The effect of childhood trauma on later psychological adjustment J Interpers Violence 2007 22 684 697 17515430
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“self-reports have been shown previously to be reliable and may be sensitive to CM that may not reach clinical awareness.41,42,114,115”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [41] Bernstein DP Stein JA Newcomb MD Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Child Abuse Negl 2003 27 169 190 12615092
- Not checked yetcites [42] Scher CD Stein MB Asmundson GJ McCreary DR Forde DR The childhood trauma questionnaire in a community sample: psychometric properties and normative data J Trauma Stress 2001 14 843 857 11776429
- Not checked yetcites [114] Fink LA Bernstein D Handelsman L Foote J Lovejoy M Initial reliability and validity of the childhood trauma interview: a new multidimensional measure of childhood interpersonal trauma Am J Psychiatry 1995 152 1329 1335 7653689
- Not checked yetcites [115] Bernstein DP Fink L Handelsman L Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect Am J Psychiatry 1994 151 1132 1136 8037246
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“emotional neglect was the most frequently reported subtype; findings seen only within this subgroup may have resulted from greater power to detect differences.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Pubertal hormones have organizing effects on the development of this system, and its development has been shown to be sexually dimorphic.31,32,102”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] Lenroot RK Gogtay N Greenstein DK Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence NeuroImage 2007 36 1065 1073 17513132 PMC2040300
- Not checked yetcites [32] McEwen BS Permanence of brain sex differences and structural plasticity of the adult brain Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999 96 7128 7130 10377379 PMC33584
- Not checked yetcites [102] McCormick CM Mathews IZ HPA function in adolescence: role of sex hormones in its regulation and the enduring consequences of exposure to stressors Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007 86 220 233 16901532
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CTQ ratings are limited by the use of retrospective self-reports and do not assess ages at which maltreatment occurred, making exploration of possible differential effects of the timing of maltreatment on brain development difficult.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Findings in these sensory association regions are consistent with parietal alterations found in adults reporting CM exposure and borderline personality disorder86 and parietal and occipital alterations in PTSD,87 suggesting CM may alter perceptual integration through adulthood via GM changes.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [86] Irle E Lange C Sachsse U Reduced size and abnormal asymmetry of parietal cortex in women with borderline personality disorder Biol Psychiatry 2005 57 173 182 15652877
- Not checked yetcites [87] Bremner JD Vermetten E Vythilingam M Neural correlates of the classic color and emotional stroop in women with abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder Biol Psychiatry 2004 55 612 620 15013830
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Animal models suggest that estrogen may mediate stress sensitivity in PFC103 and hippocampus.104”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [103] Shansky RM Glavis-Bloom C Lerman D Estrogen mediates sex differences in stress-induced prefrontal cortex dysfunction Mol Psychiatry 2004 9 531 538 14569273
- Not checked yetcites [104] Dalla C Whetstone AS Hodes GE Shors TJ Stressful experience has opposite effects on dendritic spines in the hippocampus of cycling versus masculinized females Neurosci Lett 2009 449 52 56 18952150 PMC3289544
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings suggest that early emotional neglect may alter the development of this emotional regulation system, conferring increased risk for the development of mood disorders.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“these regions are key components in the neural circuitry that underlies impulse control.69,70”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [69] Ferry AT Ongur D An X Price JL Prefrontal cortical projections to the striatum in macaque monkeys: evidence for an organization related to prefrontal networks J Comp Neurol 2000 425 447 470 10972944
- Not checked yetcites [70] Sinha R Chronic stress, drug use, and vulnerability to addiction Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008 1141 105 130 18991954 PMC2732004
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Development of this circuitry is also sexually dimorphic;31,105 estrogen has been demonstrated to have a neuroprotective effect in the striatum, suggesting reduced vulnerability in this region in females.106”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] Lenroot RK Gogtay N Greenstein DK Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence NeuroImage 2007 36 1065 1073 17513132 PMC2040300
- Not checked yetcites [105] Filipek PA Richelme C Kennedy DN Caviness VS Jr The young adult human brain: an MRI-based morphometric analysis Cereb Cortex 1994 4 344 360 7950308
- Not checked yetcites [106] Dluzen DE Neuroprotective effects of estrogen upon the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system J Neurocytol 2000 29 387 399 11424955
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As the regional distribution of the volume decreases with CM are similar to those found in psychiatric and behavioral difficulties, we interpreted the volume decreases to represent vulnerability factors.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > COMMENT
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Subjects were without history of neurological illness, head trauma with loss of consciousness or major medical disorder.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > METHODS
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results were considered significant at p<0.005 (uncorrected) and clusters >50voxels.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > METHODS
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Subjects were recruited from a sample of children identified at birth to be at high risk for CM and followed longitudinally (by LCM). Participants were also recruited from the greater New Haven Connecticut community, allowing for a sample of adolescents reporting a spectrum of CM severity.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > METHODS
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Written informed consent was obtained from parents/guardians, and assent from minors, in accordance with the institutional review board of the Yale School of Medicine.”
§ Corticostriatal-limbic Gray Matter Morphology in Adolescents with Self-Reported Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment > METHODS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Childhood maltreatment exposure precedes and contributes to the observed gray matter volume differences rather than being a consequence of them or sharing a common cause.
“suggesting that in the absence of known psychiatric disorders CM may alter corticostriatal-limbic GM”
“This study suggests that corticostriatal-limbic brain changes may mediate increased risk for these disorders in association with self-reported CM.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The observed regional gray matter volume reductions are not attributable to unmeasured confounding beyond age.
“Whole-brain linear regression analysis was performed in SPM5, covarying for age, to investigate the relationship between total CTQ scores and GM volume.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“With respect to structural correlates, ELS/CT is associated with disruptive development and reduced volume of corpus callosum, insula, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior cingulate gyrus, and caudate, as well as decreased cortical thickness of medial and lateral prefrontal and temporal lobe regions, and reduced overall brain volume in humans (416, 417, 425, 4”
From Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation (2019) · cites this paper as [432]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“With respect to amygdala, the results from human studies regarding the volumetric effect of ELS/CT are inconclusive, with some studies reporting reduced volume (416, 428, 430, 444), some differential effects according to specific type of ELS/CT (432, 445), and some even greater amygdala volume (in non-human primates) (446).”
From Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation (2019) · cites this paper as [432]
In the citing paper
“threat exposure in childhood is associated with reduced volume and/or thickness of the vmPFC”
From Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience (2014) · cites this paper as Edmiston et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“To exclude the effects of age, gender, intellectual ability and depression,31–33 we included these measures as regressors.”
From Ventral striatum dysfunction in children and adolescents with reactive attachment disorder: functional MRI study (2015) · cites this paper as [31]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Maltreatment threshold classifies every participant as exposed
MinorEach subtype score has a minimum of five, so every participant meets the stated criterion of five or more on any subtype. That contradicts the statement that six participants reported no maltreatment under this definition.
“All but six participants reported some form of CM, defined as a score of five or more on any of the five CM subtype scores.”
“Each CTQ subscale has five items so that subscale scores range from five (no maltreatment) to twenty-five (severe maltreatment).”
Citations
Cites
An Integrative Theory of Prefrontal Cortex Function
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167 · Cited by 12,803
- STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES
Reddy, M. V. (2014) · Apple Academic Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b17560-26 · Cited by 12,121
KAUFMAN, J., BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D., RAO, U., FLYNN, C., MORECI, P., WILLIAMSON, D., & RYAN, N. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021 · Cited by 10,148
The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception
Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-11-04302.1997 · Cited by 7,738
Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire
Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Walker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., Stokes, J., Handelsman, L., Medrano, M., Desmond, D., et al. (2003) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00541-0 · Cited by 6,419
How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body
Craig, A. D. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn894 · Cited by 6,006
Empathy for Pain Involves the Affective but not Sensory Components of Pain
Singer, T., Seymour, B., O'Doherty, J., Kaube, H., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093535 · Cited by 3,929
Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect
(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.8.1132 · Cited by 3,577
Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function
Arnsten, A. F. T. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2648 · Cited by 3,299
Rethinking feelings: an fMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion
Ochsner, K. N., Bunge, S. A., Gross, J. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2002) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892902760807212 · Cited by 2,520
The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence.
Nolen–Hoeksema, S., & Girgus, J. S. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.3.424 · Cited by 2,315
Kessler, R. (1993) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(93)90026-g · Cited by 2,207 · cited 1×
“Sexually dimorphic development of stresssensitive corticostriatal-limbic regions(30-33) has been suggested to contribute to sex differences in psychiatric disorders, such as in regions subserving emotions and in increased depression risk in females, and in regions subserving impulse control and in increased risk for s…”
Neural mechanisms of empathy in humans: a relay from neural systems for imitation to limbic areas
Carr, L., Iacoboni, M., Dubeau, M.-C., Mazziotta, J. C., & Lenzi, G. L. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0935845100 · Cited by 1,978
Chronic stress, drug use, and vulnerability to addiction
Sinha, R. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1441.030 · Cited by 1,904
The Neural Bases of Emotion Regulation: Reappraisal and Suppression of Negative Emotion
Goldin, P. R., McRae, K., Ramel, W., & Gross, J. J. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.031 · Cited by 1,886
Edwards, V. J., Holden, G. W., Felitti, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1453 · Cited by 1,832
Prefrontal-Subcortical Pathways Mediating Successful Emotion Regulation
Wager, T. D., Davidson, M. L., Hughes, B. L., Lindquist, M. A., & Ochsner, K. N. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.006 · Cited by 1,761 · cited 1×
“The RPFC is associated with behavioral control functions, including attention direction, decision making, response inhibition, and emotion regulation.(60-63) Bilateral DLPFC functions overlap RPFC functions and also include working memory, cognitive reappraisal of affective experience, and behavioral planning.”
Neurocircuitry of Mood Disorders
Price, J. L., & Drevets, W. C. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.104 · Cited by 1,606
Gould, E., McEwen, B. S., Tanapat, P., Galea, L. A. M., & Fuchs, E. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-07-02492.1997 · Cited by 1,496
Gould, E., Tanapat, P., McEwen, B. S., Flügge, G., & Fuchs, E. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.6.3168 · Cited by 1,395
Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence
Lenroot, R. K., Gogtay, N., Greenstein, D. K., Wells, E. M., Wallace, G. L., Clasen, L. S., Blumenthal, J. D., Lerch, J., Zijdenbos, A. P., Evans, A. C., et al. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.053 · Cited by 1,309
Disorders of extreme stress: The empirical foundation of a complex adaptation to trauma
van der Kolk, B. A., Roth, S., Pelcovitz, D., Sunday, S., & Spinazzola, J. (2005) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20047 · Cited by 1,284
Bremner, J. D., Randall, P., Vermetten, E., Staib, L., Bronen, R. A., Mazure, C., Capelli, S., McCarthy, G., Innis, R. B., & Charney, D. S. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00162-x · Cited by 1,283
Maternal care, hippocampal synaptogenesis and cognitive development in rats
Liu, D., Diorio, J., Day, J. C., Francis, D. D., & Meaney, M. J. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/77702 · Cited by 1,195
Cognitive Recovery in Socially Deprived Young Children: The Bucharest Early Intervention Project
Nelson, C. A., Zeanah, C. H., Fox, N. A., Marshall, P. J., Smyke, A. T., & Guthrie, D. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1143921 · Cited by 951 · cited 1×
“The functions of these regions suggest that in adolescents exposed to CM such GM changes may contribute to a spectrum of behavioral difficulties, including alterations in self and interpersonal perceptions and in impulse, cognitive, and emotional control.(27,111-113) Scores on the CTQ scale used to assess CM were rate…”
Farrer, C., & Frith, C. D. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.1009 · Cited by 949
Recognizing emotion in faces: Developmental effects of child abuse and neglect.
Pollak, S. D., Cicchetti, D., Hornung, K., & Reed, A. J. (2000) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.36.5.679 · Cited by 943
Repeated Stress Induces Dendritic Spine Loss in the Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Radley, J. J., Rocher, A. B., Miller, M., Janssen, W. G. M., Liston, C., Hof, P. R., McEwen, B. S., & Morrison, J. H. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi104 · Cited by 820
Childhood trauma associated with smaller hippocampal volume in women with major depression
Vythilingam, M., Heim, C., Newport, J., Miller, A. H., Anderson, E., Bronen, R., Brummer, M., Staib, L., Vermetten, E., Charney, D. S., et al. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.12.2072 · Cited by 812
MANLY, J. T., KIM, J. E., ROGOSCH, F. A., & CICCHETTI, D. (2001) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579401004023 · Cited by 789
Segregated fronto-cerebellar circuits revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity
Krienen, F. M., & Buckner, R. L. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp135 · Cited by 782
The childhood trauma questionnaire in a community sample: Psychometric properties and normative data
Scher, C. D., Stein, M. B., Asmundson, G. J. G., McCreary, D. R., & Forde, D. R. (2001) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1013058625719 · Cited by 759
Bremner, J. D., Vythilingam, M., Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M., Southwick, S. M., McGlashan, T. H., Nazeer, A., Khan, S., Vaccarino, V., Soufer, R., Garg, P. K., et al. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.5.924 · Cited by 755
Limbic-frontal circuitry in major depression: a path modeling metanalysis
Seminowicz, D. A., Mayberg, H. S., McIntosh, A. R., Goldapple, K., Kennedy, S., Segal, Z., & Rafi-Tari, S. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.015 · Cited by 710
Pruessner, J. C., Champagne, F., Meaney, M. J., & Dagher, A. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3422-03.2004 · Cited by 709
Segregation of working memory functions within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Lévy, R., & Goldman, P. S. (2000) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s002210000397 · Cited by 664
Rostrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Involvement in Relational Integration during Reasoning
Kalina Christoff, A., Prabhakaran, V., Dorfman, J., Zhao, Z., Kroger, J. K., Holyoak, K. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0922 · Cited by 663
The Young Adult Human Brain: An MRI-based Morphometric Analysis
Filipek, P. A., Richelme, C., Kennedy, D. N., & Caviness, V. S. (1994) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/4.4.344 · Cited by 652
A review of adversity, the amygdala and the hippocampus: a consideration of developmental timing
Tottenham, N. (2009) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.09.068.2009 · Cited by 651
Sticks, stones, and hurtful words: relative effects of various forms of childhood maltreatment
Teicher, M. H., Samson, J. A., Polcari, A., & McGreenery, C. E. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.993 · Cited by 634
De Bellis, M. D., Keshavan, M. S., Shifflett, H., Iyengar, S., Beers, S. R., Hall, J., & Moritz, G. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01459-2 · Cited by 632
Brain mechanisms of emotion and emotional learning
LeDoux, J. E. (1992) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0959-4388(92)90011-9 · Cited by 593
Pubertal changes in hormone levels and depression in girls
ANGOLD, A., COSTELLO, E. J., ERKANLI, A., & WORTHMAN, C. M. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799008946 · Cited by 592
Driessen, M., Herrmann, J., Stahl, K., Zwaan, M., Meier, S., Hill, A., Osterheider, M., & Petersen, D. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.12.1115 · Cited by 562
Conflict-induced behavioural adjustment: a clue to the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex
Mansouri, F. A., Tanaka, K., & Buckley, M. J. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2538 · Cited by 559
Plotsky, P. M., Thrivikraman, K. V., Nemeroff, C. B., Caldji, C., Sharma, S., & Meaney, M. J. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300769 · Cited by 522
Weiss, E. L., Longhurst, J. G., & Mazure, C. M. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.6.816 · Cited by 517
Sexual dimorphism of the developing human brain
Giedd, J. N., Castellanos, F. X., Rajapakse, J. C., Vaituzis, A. C., & Rapoport, J. L. (1997) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(97)00158-9 · Cited by 505
Fink, L., Bernstein, D. P., Handelsman, L., Foote, J. P., & Lovejoy, M. (1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.9.1329 · Cited by 453
Early Life Stress and Morphometry of the Adult Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Caudate Nuclei
Cohen, R. A., Grieve, S., Hoth, K. F., Paul, R. H., Sweet, L., Tate, D., Gunstad, J., Stroud, L., McCaffery, J., Hitsman, B., et al. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.12.016 · Cited by 439
Pine, D. S., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Montgomery, L. A., Monk, C. S., McClure, E. B., Guyer, A. E., Ernst, M., Charney, D. S., & Kaufman, J. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.291 · Cited by 438
Sex Differences and the Impact of Steroid Hormones on the Developing Human Brain
Neufang, S., Specht, K., Hausmann, M., Güntürkün, O., Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., Fink, G. R., & Konrad, K. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn100 · Cited by 436
Woon, F. L., & Hedges, D. W. (2008) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20437 · Cited by 416
Stress and development: Behavioral and biological consequences
Bremner, J. D., & Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M. (2001) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579401003042 · Cited by 399
McCormick, C. M., & Zovkic, I. B. (2006) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.07.012 · Cited by 397
Kaffman, A., & Meaney, M. J. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01730.x · Cited by 391
Physical punishment/maltreatment during childhood and adjustment in young adulthood
Fergusson, D. M., & Lynskey, M. T. (1997) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00021-5 · Cited by 385
Hippocampal changes associated with early-life adversity and vulnerability to depression
Rao, U., Chen, L.-A., Bidesi, A. S., Shad, M. U., Thomas, M. A., & Hammen, C. L. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.017 · Cited by 383
Neuropsychological findings in childhood neglect and their relationships to pediatric PTSD
Bellis, M. D. D., Hooper, S. R., Spratt, E. G., & Woolley, D. P. (2009) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617709990464 · Cited by 382
Possible Contributors to the Gender Differences in Alcohol Use and Problems
Nolen–Hoeksema, S., & Hilt, L. (2006) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.3200/genp.133.4.357-374 · Cited by 366
Long-term behavioural and molecular alterations associated with maternal separation in rats
Lippmann, M., Bress, A., Nemeroff, C. B., Plotsky, P. M., & Monteggia, L. M. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05522.x · Cited by 355
Dissociating the role of the medial and lateral anterior prefrontal cortex in human planning
Koechlin, É., Corrado, G., Pietrini, P., & Grafman, J. H. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.130177397 · Cited by 335
Bellis, M. D. D., Hall, J., Boring, A. M., Frustaci, K., & Moritz, G. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01105-2 · Cited by 334
Chaplin, T. M., Hong, K., Bergquist, K. L., & Sinha, R. (2008) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00679.x · Cited by 326
Spinhoven, P., Elzinga, B. M., Hovens, J. G. F. M., Karin Roelofs, A., Zitman, F. G., van Oppen, P., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.02.132 · Cited by 324
Frodl, T., Reinhold, E., Koutsouleris, N., Reiser, M., & Meisenzahl, E. M. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.01.006 · Cited by 323
Schmahl, C. G., Vermetten, E., Elzinga, B. M., & Douglas Bremner, J. (2003) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(03)00023-4 · Cited by 319
Reduced prefrontal cortical gray matter volume in young adults exposed to harsh corporal punishment
Tomoda, A., Suzuki, H., Rabi, K., Sheu, Y.-S., Polcari, A. M., & Teicher, M. H. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.005 · Cited by 318
Cerebellar contributions to the papez circuit
Snider, R. S., & Maiti, A. K. (1976) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.490020204 · Cited by 317
Bremner, J. D., Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M., Vythilingam, M., Afzal, N., Schmahl, C. G., Elzinga, B. M., & Charney, D. S. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.001 · Cited by 291
Function and localization within rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10)
Burgess, P. W., Gilbert, S. J., & Dumontheil, I. (2007) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2095 · Cited by 276
Pituitary volumes in pediatric maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder
Thomas, L. A., & Bellis, M. D. D. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.11.021 · Cited by 267
Toth, S. L., Cicchetti, D., Macfie, J., & Emde, R. N. (1997) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579497001430 · Cited by 267
Childhood Maltreatment as a Risk Factor for Adult Cardiovascular Disease and Depression
Batten, S. V., Aslan, M., Maciejewski, P. K., & Mazure, C. M. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v65n0217 · Cited by 256
Cerebellar Volumes in Pediatric Maltreatment-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Bellis, M. D. D., & Kuchibhatla, M. N. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.035 · Cited by 228
Gibb, B. E., Schofield, C. A., & Coles, M. E. (2008) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559508326358 · Cited by 209
Masten, C. L., Guyer, A. E., Hodgdon, H., Tone, E. B., Charney, D. S., Monique Ernst, D., Kaufman, J., Pine, D. S., & Monk, C. S. (2007) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.09.006 · Cited by 208
van Harmelen, A., de Jong, P. J., Glashouwer, K. A., Spinhoven, P., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Elzinga, B. M. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.02.003 · Cited by 207
Estrogen mediates sex differences in stress-induced prefrontal cortex dysfunction
Shansky, R. M., Glavis-Bloom, C., Lerman, D., McRae, P., Benson, C., Miller, K., Cosand, L., Horvath, T. L., & Arnsten, A. F. T. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001435 · Cited by 200
Monroy, E., Hernández‐Torres, E., & Flores, G. (2010) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2010.05.005 · Cited by 190
Buss, C., Lord, C., Wadiwalla, M., Hellhammer, D. H., Lupien, S. J., Meaney, M. J., & Pruessner, J. C. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3252-06.2007 · Cited by 187
Reduced size and abnormal asymmetry of parietal cortex in women with borderline personality disorder
Irle, E., Lange, C., & Sachsse, U. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.004 · Cited by 182
Colvert, E., Rutter, M., Beckett, C., Castle, J., Groothues, C., Hawkins, A., Kreppner, J., O'connor, T. G., Stevens, S., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2008) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579408000278 · Cited by 182
Structural brain abnormalities in borderline personality disorder: a voxel-based morphometry study
Soloff, P., Nutche, J., Goradia, D., & Diwadkar, V. (2008) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.02.003 · Cited by 177
Neuroprotective effects of estrogen upon the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system
Dluzen, D. E. (2000) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1023/a:1007117424491 · Cited by 169
Cerebellar volume and cognitive functioning in children who experienced early deprivation
Bauer, P. M., Hanson, J. L., Pierson, R. K., Davidson, R. J., & Pollak, S. D. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.06.014 · Cited by 167
Carrion, V. G., Weems, C. F., Watson, C., Eliez, S., Menon, V., & Reiss, A. L. (2009) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.07.008 · Cited by 165
Briere, J., & Rickards, S. (2007) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31803044e2 · Cited by 163
Behavioural and Neurochemical Consequences of Early Weaning in Rodents
Kikusui, T., & Mori, Y. (2009) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01837.x · Cited by 158
Cerebellum and emotional behavior
Sacchetti, B., Scelfo, B., & Strata, P. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.064 · Cited by 152
Low parental care as a risk factor to lifetime depression in a community sample
Parker, G. B., Hadži-Pavlović, D., Greenwald, S., & Weissman, M. M. (1995) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(94)00086-o · Cited by 144
Sticks, Stones, and Hurtful Words: Relative Effects of Various Forms of Childhood Maltreatment
Teicher, M. H. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.6.993 · Cited by 142
Yang, P., Wu, M.-T., Hsu, C.-C., & Ker, J.-H. (2004) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.07.033 · Cited by 138
Relation Between Amygdala Structure and Function in Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder
Kalmar, J. H., Wang, F. “., Chepenik, L. G., Womer, F. Y., Jones, M. M., Pittman, B. P., Shah, M. P., Martin, A., Constable, R. T., & Blumberg, H. P. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31819f6fbc · Cited by 130
The Effect of Childhood Trauma on Later Psychological Adjustment
Browne, C., & Winkelman, C. (2007) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260507300207 · Cited by 127
Hains, A. B., & Arnsten, A. F. T. (2008) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.921708 · Cited by 127
Leist, T., & Dadds, M. R. (2009) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104508100887 · Cited by 122
Neural Circuits Underlying Emotional Distress in Humans
SINHA, R., LACADIE, C., SKUDLARSKI, P., & WEXLER, B. E. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1314.032 · Cited by 121
Bellis, M. D. D., Hooper, S. R., Woolley, D. P., & Shenk, C. E. (2009) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsp116 · Cited by 121
Impulsivity, Sensation Seeking, and Behavioral and Emotional Responses to Alcohol
Nagoshi, C. T., Wilson, J. R. M., & Rodriguez, L. A. (1991) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1991.tb00575.x · Cited by 116
Kikusui, T., Ichikawa, S., & Mori, Y. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.12.009 · Cited by 115
Sciolino, N. R., Bortolato, M., Eisenstein, S. A., Fu, J., Oveisi, F., Hohmann, A. G., & Piomelli, D. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.007 · Cited by 89
Early childhood malnutrition predicts depressive symptoms at ages 11–17
Galler, J. R., Bryce, C. P., Waber, D. P., Hock, R. S., Exner, N., Eaglesfield, D., Fitzmaurice, G. M., & Harrison, R. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02208.x · Cited by 89
Cocaine addiction in mothers: Potential effects on maternal care and infant development
Strathearn, L., & Mayes, L. C. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05142.x · Cited by 80
Fani, N., Bradley, B., Ressler, K. J., & Tone, E. B. (2010) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-010-9294-2 · Cited by 78
Pascual, R., & Zamora-León, S. (2007) · Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis · doi:10.55782/ane-2007-1663 · Cited by 74
Permanence of brain sex differences and structural plasticity of the adult brain
McEwen, B. S. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.13.7128 · Cited by 71
Segregation of working memory functions within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Lévy, R., & Goldman, P. S. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59794-7_4 · Cited by 70
Rosenblum, L. A., Forger, C., Noland, S., Trost, R. C., & Coplan, J. D. (2001) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.1026 · Cited by 69
Frontotemporal neural systems in bipolar disorder
Blumberg, H. P., Charney, D. S., & Krystal, J. H. (2002) · Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1053/scnp.2002.35220 · Cited by 68
Gene–Environment Interactions and Response to Social Intrusion in Male and Female Rhesus Macaques
Schwandt, M. L., Lindell, S. G., Sjöberg, R. L., Chisholm, K., Higley, J. D., Suomi, S. J., Heilig, M. A., & Barr, C. S. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.016 · Cited by 67
ARNSTEN, A. F. T., & SHANSKY, R. M. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1308.017 · Cited by 66
Effects of shifting perspective of the self: an fMRI study
Corradi-Dell’Acqua, C., Ueno, K., Ogawa, A., Cheng, K., Rumiati, R. I., & Iriki, A. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.062 · Cited by 65
Dalla, C., Whetstone, A. S., Hodes, G. E., & Shors, T. J. (2009) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.10.051 · Cited by 56 · cited 1×
“Animal models suggest that estrogen may mediate stress sensitivity in PFC(103) and in hippocampus.(104) In contrast, in males, there was a trend toward reductions in RPFC, and reductions in caudate were significant; these regions are key components in the neural circuitry that underlies impulse control.”
Physical and Sexual Abuse During Childhood and Development of Psychiatric Illnesses During Adulthood
Wexler, B. E., Lyons, L., Lyons, H., & Mazure, C. M. (1997) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199708000-00009 · Cited by 54
Macrı̀, S., Laviola, G., Leussis, M. P., & Andersen, S. L. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.07.016 · Cited by 54
The interplay of stress, gender and cognitive style in depressive onset
Mazure, C. M., & Maciejewski, P. K. (2003) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-002-0161-3 · Cited by 49
Brain mechanisms of emotion and emotional learning
LeDoux, J. E. (1992) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/0960-9822(92)90530-n · Cited by 39
Maciejewski, P. K., & Mazure, C. M. (2006) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9012-2 · Cited by 37
Lawson, A., Ahima, R. S., Krozowski, Z. S., & Harlan, R. E. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000126189 · Cited by 36
Wilber, A. A., & Wellman, C. L. (2009) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.08.001 · Cited by 22
Function and localization within rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10)
Burgess, P. W., Gilbert, S. J., & Dumontheil, I. (2008) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199230617.003.0011 · Cited by 11
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 125 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity
Teicher, M. H., Samson, J. A., Anderson, C. M., & Ohashi, K. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.111 · Cited by 1,856
Annual research review: enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect
Teicher, M. H., & Samson, J. A. (2016) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12507 · Cited by 1,473
“Typically, the CTQ was used as a quantitative measure of severity of exposure (regardless of type) within mixed samples (with and without psychopathology) (Malykhin, Carter, Hegadoren, Seres, & Coupland, 2012), community samples (Teicher, Anderson, & Polcari, 2012) or samples without discernible psychopathology (Dannl…”
InfluentialMcLaughlin, K. A., Sheridan, M. A., & Lambert, H. K. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.012 · Cited by 1,389
The Brain on Stress: Vulnerability and Plasticity of the Prefrontal Cortex over the Life Course
McEwen, B. S., & Morrison, J. H. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.06.028 · Cited by 1,079
“In particular, physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect were associated with rostral prefrontal graymatter reductions and decreases in dorsolateral and orbitofrontal cortices, insula, and ventral striatum were associated with physical abuse, while decreases in cerebellum were associated with physical ne…”
InfluentialChildhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review
McLaughlin, K. A., Weissman, D., & Bitrán, D. (2019) · Annual Review of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084950 · Cited by 892
Metadata
- Authors
- Edmiston, E. E.
- Venue
- Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-12-01
- Volume
- 165
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1069
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3607102
- OpenAlex
- W1977419693
- Cited by
- 341
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 18.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5rl5da024858-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH086621, R01 MH69747, R01MH069747, R01MH070902)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (RL1DA024856, RL5-DA024858, PL1-DA24859, K05DA020091, PL1DA024859)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (UL1DE019586, UL1DE19586)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- child abuse, gray matter morphology, adolescents, physical abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, sexual abuse, prefrontal cortex, striatum, amygdala, cerebellum, sex differences, emotion regulation, caudate nucleus, impulse dyscontrol
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Child Abuse, Female, Humans, Limbic System, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Disclosure, Sex Factors, Linear Models
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-04, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-04 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
