Association of DISC1/TRAX Haplotypes With Schizophrenia, Reduced Prefrontal Gray Matter, and Impaired Short- and Long-term Memory
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CONTEXT: Chromosome 1q42 is among several genomic regions showing replicated evidence of linkage with schizophrenia, but the specific susceptibility mechanisms underlying this relationship remain to be identified. OBJECTIVE: To examine a series of haplotype blocks of single-nucleotide polymorphic markers from a segment of 1q42 spanning the disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) and translin-associated factor X (TRAX) genes for association with schizophrenia and several endophenotypic traits thought to be involved in disease pathogenesis. DESIGN: Population-based twin cohort study. SETTING: Finland. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred thirty-six subjects, consisting of 7 twin pairs concordant for schizophrenia (6 monozygotic [MZ] and 1 dizygotic [DZ]), 52 pairs discordant for schizophrenia (20 MZ and 32 DZ), and 59 demographically balanced normal pairs (28 MZ and 31 DZ), were drawn from a twin cohort consisting of all of the same-sex twins born in Finland from 1940 through 1957. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychiatric diagnosis, performance on neurocognitive tests of short- and long-term memory, and gray matter volume measurements taken from high-resolution magnetic resonance images. RESULTS: A common haplotype incorporating 3 single-nucleotide polymorphic markers near the translocation break point of DISC1 (odds ratio, 2.6 [P = .02]) and a rare haplotype incorporating 4 markers from the DISC1 and TRAX genes (odds ratio, 13.0 [P = .001]) were significantly overrepresented among individuals with schizophrenia. These haplotypes were also associated with several quantitative endophenotypic traits previously observed to covary with schizophrenia and genetic liability to schizophrenia, including impairments in short- and long-term memory functioning and reduced gray matter density in the prefrontal cortex, as demonstrated using a population-based brain atlas method, with a trend toward association with reduced hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS: Specific alleles of the DISC1 and TRAX genes on 1q42 appear to contribute to genetic risk for schizophrenia through disruptive effects on the structure and function of the prefrontal cortex, medial temporal lobe, and other brain regions. These effects are consistent with their production of proteins that play roles in neuritic outgrowth, neuronal migration, synaptogenesis, and glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Loss-of-function translocations in DISC1 are associated with high rates of mental illness, and with reduced PFC grey matter and impaired working memory in patients with schizophrenia.
“loss-of-function translocations in DISC1 are associated with high rates of mental illness129, and with reduced PFC grey matter and impaired working memory in patients with schizophrenia130.”
From Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function (2009) · cites this paper as [130]
The paper’s Abstract and Comment report associations between DISC1/TRAX haplotypes, reduced prefrontal gray matter, and impaired spatial working memory. But the study examined SNP haplotypes in twins with and without schizophrenia, not loss-of-function translocations in patients with schizophrenia. The separate claim about high rates of mental illness carries citation 129, not this citation. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSubtle DISC1 polymorphisms are associated with decreased PFC gray matter and impaired working memory.
“Mutations in DISC1 are associated with high rates of mental illness120,121, and more subtle polymorphisms are associated with decreased PFC gray matter and impaired working memory122,123.”
From Stress weakens prefrontal networks: molecular insults to higher cognition (2015) · cites this paper as [122]
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Self-citationThe effects of arousal on apical amplification and conscious state
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- Authors
- Cannon, T. D., Hennah, W., van Erp, T. G. M., Thompson, P. M., Lonnqvist, J., Huttunen, M., Gasperoni, T., Tuulio-Henriksson, A., Pirkola, T., Toga, A. W., Kaprio, J., Mazziotta, J., & Peltonen, L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2005-11-01
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1205
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2117644711
- Cited by
- 337
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 21.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-52857, R01MH052857)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R21EB001561, EB01561)
- National Center for Research Resources (P41RR013642, R21RR019771, RR 13642, RR 19771, RR00827, M01RR000827)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, DISC1, TRAX, haplotype association, genetic susceptibility, short-term memory, long-term memory, hippocampal volume, endophenotypes, monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, single nucleotide polymorphisms, brain structure, synaptogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Atrophy, Diseases in Twins, DNA-Binding Proteins, Female, Finland, Haplotypes, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory Disorders, Middle Aged, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neuropsychological Tests, Phenotype, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Cohort Studies, Prefrontal Cortex, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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