Transparent and Stretchable Interactive Human Machine Interface Based on Patterned Graphene Heterostructures
Abstract
An interactive human‐machine interface (iHMI) enables humans to control hardware and collect feedback information. In particular, wearable iHMI systems have attracted tremendous attention owing to their potential for use in personal mobile electronics and the Internet of Things. Although significant progress has been made in the development of iHMI systems, those based on rigid electronics have constraints in terms of wearability, comfortability, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and aesthetics. Herein the fabrication of a transparent and stretchable iHMI system composed of wearable mechanical sensors and stimulators is reported. The ultrathin and lightweight design of the system allows superior wearability and high SNR. The use of conductive/piezoelectric graphene heterostructures, which consist of poly( l ‐lactic acid), single‐walled carbon nanotubes, and silver nanowires, results in high transparency, excellent performance, and low power consumption as well as mechanical deformability. The control of a robot arm for various motions and the feedback stimulation upon successful executions of commands are demonstrated using the wearable iHMI system.
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Various piezoelectric materials such as ZnO nanostructures, PVDF-TrFE, and PLA have been used to develop wearable strain sensors.
“Various piezoelectric materials such as ZnO nanostructures, [40,132,133] poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) [134] and polylactic acid (PLA) [22] have been used to develop wearable strain sensors.”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [22]
Another piezoelectric strain sensor developed using two graphene electrodes and heterostructures of PLA/SWCNT as sensing materials showed that addition of CNTs into piezoelectric PLA polymer enhanced output current and voltage by eight and five times, respectively.
“Another piezoelectric strain sensor was developed using two graphene electrodes and heterostructures of PLA/SWCNT as the sensing materials.[22] The addition of CNTs into piezoelectric PLA polymer enhanced the output current and voltage by eight and five times, respectively.”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [22]
Besides resistive and capacitive mechanisms, progress has been made to develop wearable piezoelectric and triboelectric pressure sensors.
“Besides the widely used resistive and capacitive mechanisms, progress has been made to develop wearable piezoelectric [22,58,59,159] and triboelectric [160][161][162] pressure sensors.”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Lim, S., Son, D., Kim, J., Lee, Y. B., Song, J., Choi, S., Lee, D. J., Kim, J. H., Lee, M., Hyeon, T., & Kim, D.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Inha University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Dae‐Hyeong
- ORCID
- Venue
- Advanced Functional Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-11-14
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 375-383
- ISSN
- 1616-301X (ISSN-L)
- 1616-3028
- OpenAlex
- W2072132220
- Cited by
- 582
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 18
- FWCI
- 18.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advanced Functional Materials (publishedVersion)
- Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning (2012R1A1A1004925)
- Seoul National University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphene research and applications
- Keywords
- wearable electronics, stretchable electronics, transparent electronics, graphene heterostructures, single-walled carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, poly(L-lactic acid), piezoelectric sensors, robotic arm control, haptic feedback, signal-to-noise ratio
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