Carbonized Silk Nanofiber Membrane for Transparent and Sensitive Electronic Skin
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the explosive development of electronic skin. Highly sensitive pressure sensing is one of the primary abilities of electronic skin. To date, most of the reported skin‐like pressure sensors are based on nanomaterials and microstructured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films, limiting their wide practical applications due to the unknown biotoxicity and the redundant fabrication procedure. A cost‐effective, large‐area‐capable, and biocompatible approach for fabrication of high‐performance skin‐like pressure sensors is highly desired. Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural protein that has recently drawn great attention due to its application as the substrate for flexible electronics. Here, the fabrication of skin‐like pressure sensors is demonstrated using SF‐derived active materials. Flexible and conformal pressure sensors can be fabricated using transparent carbonized silk nanofiber membranes (CSilkNM) and unstructured PDMS films through a cost‐effective and large‐scale capable approach. Due to the unique N‐doped carbon nanofiber network structure of CSilkNM, the obtained pressure sensor shows superior performance, including ultrahigh sensitivity (34.47 kPa−1) for a broad pressure range, an ultralow detection limit (0.8 Pa), rapid response time (<16.7 ms), and high durability (>10 000 cycles). Based on its superior performance, its applications in monitoring human physiological signals, sensing subtle touch, and detecting spatial distribution of pressure are demonstrated.
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Pressure sensitive pathways can be formed using interlocked structures, percolative networks of nanomaterials, microfabricated structures, porous structures, and so forth.
“Pressure sensitive pathways can be formed using interlocked structures, [139][140][141][142][143][144] percolative networks of nanomaterials, [57,145,146] microfabricated structures (e.g., micropyramids, micropillars), [147][148][149] porous structures (e.g., sponges, foams, porous rubbers) [26,150,151] and so forth.”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [57]
A cyclic test of 10,000 cycles confirmed the good stability of the electrospun silk nanofiber membrane pressure sensor.
“A cyclic test of 10 000 cycles confirmed the good stability.”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [57]
Pressure sensors made of electrospun silk nanofiber membranes achieved a low detection limit of 0.8 Pa, a fast response time of less than 16.7 ms, and sensitivities of 34.47 kPa-1 for the low pressure range (0.8-400 Pa) and 1.16 kPa-1 for the high pressure range (400-5000 Pa).
“Pressure sensors made of electrospun silk nanofiber membranes achieved excellent piezoresistive response.[57] Low detection limit of 0.8 Pa, fast response time of less than 16.7 ms and superior sensitivity of 34.47 kPa -1 for low pressure range (0.8-400 Pa) and 1.16 kPa -1 for high pressure range (400-5000 Pa) were demonstrated.”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [57]
Respiration rate can be accessed by measuring the deformation associated with respiration using wearable strain or pressure sensors placed on the chest, or by measuring the pressure caused by the air flow using a pressure sensor placed under the nose.
“It can be accessed by measuring the deformation associated with respiration using wearable strain [103,120,121] or pressure sensors [57] placed on the chest, or by measuring the pressure caused by the air flow using a pressure sensor placed under the nose.[141]”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [57]
Phonation vibrations and voice patterns can be monitored using a strain sensor or a pressure sensor attached to the neck.
“The phonation vibrations and voice patterns can be monitored using a strain sensor [44,52,103,120,121,123,126] or a pressure sensor [57,141] attached to the neck.”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [57]
A multitude of pressure sensing arrays have been demonstrated to capture the spatial pressure distributions induced by different sources, such as a static object placed onto the sensing array, gas flow, bouncing of a water droplet, finger touch, and acoustic vibration.
“A multitude of pressure sensing arrays have been demonstrated to capture the spatial pressure distributions induced by different sources, such as a static object placed onto the sensing array, [57,139,141,158,203] gas flow, [141,144,153] bouncing of a water droplet (Figure 11a), [139] finger touch, [144,161] and acoustic vibration.[144,203]”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [57]
Silk fabrics can be transformed into highly conductive, intrinsically nitrogen-doped, flexible, and structure-maintained carbon textiles through thermal treatment.
“Recently, it has been reported that silk fabrics can be transformed into highly conductive, intrinsically nitrogen-doped, flexible, and structure-maintained carbon textiles through thermal treatment (30–35).”
From Integrated textile sensor patch for real-time and multiplex sweat analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Wang, Q., Jian, M., Wang, C., & Zhang, Y.
- Affiliations
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Yingying
- Venue
- Advanced Functional Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-01-19
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 9
- ISSN
- 1616-301X (ISSN-L)
- 1616-3028
- OpenAlex
- W2577138790
- Cited by
- 549
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 17
- FWCI
- 27.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advanced Functional Materials (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (51672153, 51422204, 51372132)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Silk-based biomaterials and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
- Keywords
- electronic skin, pressure sensors, silk fibroin, N-doped carbon nanofibers, PDMS film, flexible electronics, biocompatible sensors, transparent sensors, physiological monitoring, tactile sensing, pressure distribution sensing
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