Cited by 184Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsMental Health Treatment and Access

Dementia in Africa: current evidence, knowledge gaps, and future directions

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Akinyemi, Rufus O., Yaria, Joseph, Ojagbemi, Akin, Guerchet, Maëlenn, Okubadejo, Njideka, Njamnshi, Alfred K., Sarfo, Fred S., Akpalu, Albert +25 more·2022·Alzheimer's & Dementia

Abstract

In tandem with the ever‐increasing aging population in low and middle‐income countries, the burden of dementia is rising on the African continent. Dementia prevalence varies from 2.3% to 20.0% and incidence rates are 13.3 per 1000 person‐years with increasing mortality in parts of rapidly transforming Africa. Differences in nutrition, cardiovascular factors, comorbidities, infections, mortality, and detection likely contribute to lower incidence. Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–associated neurocognitive disorders are the most common dementia subtypes. Comprehensive longitudinal studies with robust methodology and regional coverage would provide more reliable information. The apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) ε4 allele is most studied but has shown differential effects within African ancestry compared to Caucasian. More candidate gene and genome‐wide association studies are needed to relate to dementia phenotypes. Validated culture‐sensitive cognitive tools not influenced by education and language differences are critically needed for implementation across multidisciplinary groupings such as the proposed African Dementia Consortium.

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  1. [8]Ogunniyi A & Akinyemi RO Epidemiology and Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease with Special Reference to Africans. Nigerian Journal of Health Sciences 3, 1– 6 (2003).
  2. [61]Ogunniyi A Hypertension and incident dementia in community-dwelling elderly Yoruba Nigerians. Acta Neurol Scand 124, 396– 402, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01491.x (2011). 21303353 PMC3099146 · DOI
  3. [147]Hall KS, Hendrie HC & Brittain HM The development of a dementia screening interview in two distinct languages. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 3, 1– 28 (1993).

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Authors
Akinyemi, R. O., Yaria, J., Ojagbemi, A., Guerchet, M., Okubadejo, N., Njamnshi, A. K., Sarfo, F. S., Akpalu, A., Ogbole, G., Ayantayo, T., Adokonou, T., Paddick, S., Ndetei, D., Bosche, J., Ayele, B., Damas, A., Coker, M., Mbakile‐Mahlanza, L., Ranchod, K., Bobrow, K., Anazodo, U., Damasceno, A., Seshadri, S., Pericak‐Vance, M., Lawlor, B., Miller, B. L., Owolabi, M., Baiyewu, O., Walker, R., Gureje, O., Kalaria, R. N., Ogunniyi, A., & the African Dementia Consortium (AfDC)
Affiliations
  • University of Ibadan (NG)
  • University College Hospital, Ibadan (NG)
  • Inserm (FR)
  • University of Lagos (NG)
  • Université de Yaoundé I (CM)
  • Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (GH)
  • University of Ghana (GH)
  • Université de Parakou (BJ)
  • Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
  • University of Nairobi (KE)
  • Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (TZ)
  • Addis Ababa University (ET)
  • Mirembe Mental Health Hospital Dodoma Tanzania
  • University of Botswana (BW)
  • Johannesburg Hospital (ZA)
  • University of Cape Town (ZA)
  • Western University (CA)
  • Eduardo Mondlane University (MZ)
  • The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
  • University of Miami (US)
  • Trinity College Dublin (IE)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
Corresponding author
Akinyemi, Rufus O.
Venue
Alzheimer's & Dementia
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-09-27
Volume
18
Issue
4
Pages
790-809
ISSN
  • 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-5279
OpenAlex
W3204735627
Cited by
184
References
190
Citations by year
2026: 53 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 9
FWCI
3.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (U54HG007479, U01HG010273, R01NS107900, AG052409, R01 AG054076)
  • Medical Research Council (G0500247)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
dementia, Africa
MeSH terms
Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Dementia, Genotype, Humans, Dementia, Vascular, Apolipoprotein E4, Genome-Wide Association Study

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