Mental health status of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak in Jordan: A cross‐sectional study
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Abstract
Background: The emergence of COVID‐19 global pandemic coupled with high transmission rate and mortality has created an unprecedented state of emergency worldwide. This global situation may have a negative impact on the psychological well‐being of individuals which in turn impacts individuals' performance. This study aims to explore the prevalence of depression and anxiety among the GP, HCPs, and USs during COVID‐19 outbreak, and to identify key population(s) who might need psychological intervention. Methods: A cross‐sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Jordan between 22 and 28 March 2020 to explore the mental health status (depression and anxiety) of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during the COVID‐19 outbreak. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) were used to assess depression and anxiety among the study participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of depression and anxiety. Results: The prevalence of depression and anxiety among the entire study participants was 23.8% and 13.1%, respectively. Anxiety was most prevalent across university students 21.5%, followed by healthcare professionals 11.3%, and general population 8.8%. Females among healthcare professionals and university students, divorced healthcare professionals, pulmonologists, and university students with history of chronic disease were at higher risk of developing depression. Females, divorced participants among the general population, and university students with history of chronic disease and those with high income (≥1,500 JD) were at higher risk of developing anxiety. Conclusions: During outbreaks, individuals are put under extreme stressful condition resulting in higher risk of developing anxiety and depression particularly for students and healthcare professionals. Policymakers and mental healthcare providers are advised to provide further mental support to these vulnerable groups during this pandemic.
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The 16 college student studies included 15 cross-sectional studies and one cohort study.
“Of the 16 studies remaining, 15 were cross sectional studies and one was a cohort study [16, 19–33].”
From Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [22]
The review identified 16 studies on college students.
“our findings of five studies on children and 16 studies on college students”
From Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [22]
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Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study From Pakistan
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Psychological problems among the university students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID‐19 pandemic
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- Authors
- Naser, A. Y., Dahmash, E. Z., Al‐Rousan, R., Alwafi, H., Alrawashdeh, H. M., Ghoul, I., Abidine, A., Bokhary, M. A., AL‐Hadithi, H. T., Ali, D., Abuthawabeh, R., Abdelwahab, G. M., Alhartani, Y. J., Al Muhaisen, H., Dagash, A., & Alyami, H. S.
- Affiliations
- Isra University (JO)
- Umm al-Qura University (SA)
- Amman Eye Clinic Amman Jordan
- Paediatric Department Ibn AL Haytham Hospital Amman Jordan
- King Abdulaziz Hospital (SA)
- Faculty of Pharmacy Isra University Amman Jordan<!--Query ID="q4" Text="AUTHOR: Please check that authors and their affiliations are correct."-->
- Najran University (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Naser, Abdallah Y.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain and Behavior
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-06-24
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e01730-e01730
- ISSN
- 2157-9032 (ISSN-L)
- 2162-3279
- PMC
- PMC7361060
- OpenAlex
- W3036728744
- Cited by
- 398
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 140 · 2020: 26
- FWCI
- 34.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain and Behavior (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, depression, anxiety, mental health, healthcare workers, university students, general population, risk factors, chronic disease, socioeconomic factors, gender differences, Jordan
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Anxiety, Communicable Disease Control, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Jordan, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Public Health, Students, Coronavirus Infections, Needs Assessment, Pandemics
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