Cyberbullying among adolescent bystanders: role of the communication medium, form of violence, and empathy
Abstract
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to understand how adolescents respond as bystanders of cyberbullying and to seek factors that might influence their actions. The study explored the effects of type of contact (online vs. face to face), form of violence (private vs. public), and empathy activation (affective and cognitive) on negative bystander behaviour understood as active participation in victimisation. The influence of experience of cyberbullying as perpetrator and as victim and gender on negative bystander behaviour was also controlled. Three experimental studies were conducted. The results indicate that online contact increases the likelihood of negative bystander behaviour. Private violence was less likely to elicit negative bystander action than was public violence. Previous experience of cyberperpetration was proved to increase the probability of negative bystander behaviour. Neither gender nor cybervictimisation affected the engagement in negative bystander behaviour in any of the studies. The inhibitory effect of empathy activation (both affective and cognitive) on negative bystander behaviour was demonstrated. Both types of cognitive empathy induction, emotion and behaviour focused, diminish the likelihood of negative bystander behaviour. The conclusions of the research are that negative bystander behaviour occurs more often in cyberspace than offline and that forms of intervention involving both affective and cognitive empathy may limit the negative bystander behaviour that supports cyberbullying. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Digital bystanders were more likely to actively engage in cyber bullying (by forwarding pictures of a classmate) than offline bullying incidents.
“One study by Barlińska et al. (2013) found that digital bystanders were more likely to actively engage in cyber bullying (by forwarding pictures of a classmate) than offline bullying incidents.”
From A review of cyberbullying and suggestions for online psychological therapy (2015) · cites this paper as Barlińska et al., 2013
Cites
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433 · see citing works
Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1977) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.84.5.888 · Cited by 7,611 · see citing works
Bullying at school: what we know and what we can do
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-1080 · Cited by 4,755 · see citing works
The online disinhibition effect
Suler, J. (2004) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/1094931041291295 · Cited by 4,375 · see citing works
Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis
Bandura, A. (1973) · Stanford Law Review · doi:10.2307/1227918 · Cited by 4,302 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils
Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x · Cited by 3,639 · see citing works
The functional architecture of human empathy
Decety, J., & Jackson, P. L. (2004) · Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews · doi:10.1177/1534582304267187 · Cited by 3,407 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Cognitive empathy is the ability to understand the beliefs, feelings, and intentions of others (Decety & Jackson, 2004).”
BackgroundHoffman, M. L. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511805851 · Cited by 2,788 · see citing works
Empathy: A Social Psychological Approach
Davis, M. H. (1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-2454 · Cited by 2,442 · see citing works
Emotion, regulation, and moral development
Eisenberg, N. (2000) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.665 · Cited by 2,422 · see citing works
Empathy and Moral Development: Implications for Caring and Justice
Raboteg-Šarić, Z., & Hoffman, M. L. (2001) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/3089337 · Cited by 2,416 · see citing works
The altruism question: toward a social-psychological answer
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-4797 · Cited by 2,401 · see citing works
Development and neurophysiology of mentalizing
Frith, U., & Frith, C. D. (2003) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2002.1218 · Cited by 2,306 · see citing works
Davis, M. H. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429493898 · Cited by 1,859 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying?
SLONJE, R., & SMITH, P. K. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00611.x · Cited by 1,844 · see citing works
The empathic brain: how, when and why?
de Vignemont, F., & Singer, T. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.08.008 · Cited by 1,716 · see citing works
Plan 9 From Cyberspace: The Implications of the Internet for Personality and Social Psychology
McKenna, K. Y. A., & Bargh, J. A. (2000) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0401_6 · Cited by 1,507 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: An Exploratory Analysis of Factors Related to Offending and Victimization
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2008) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639620701457816 · Cited by 1,497 · see citing works
Batson, C. D., Polycarpou, M. P., Harmon-Jones, E., Imhoff, H. J., Mitchener, E. C., Bednar, L. L., Klein, T. R., & Highberger, L. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.1.105 · Cited by 1,463 · cited 3× · see citing works
“, 1993), as well as reducing negative behaviour such as prejudice (Galinsky, Ku, & Wang, 2005) and enhancing tolerance of stigmatised groups (Batson et al., 1997).”
BackgroundOnline aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: a comparison of associated youth characteristics
Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00328.x · Cited by 1,313 · see citing works
Prevalence and Predictors of Internet Bullying
Williams, K. R., & Guerra, N. G. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.018 · Cited by 1,010 · see citing works
Li, Q. (2006) · School Psychology International · doi:10.1177/0143034306064547 · Cited by 953 · see citing works
Empathy and offending: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2003) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2003.03.001 · Cited by 945 · see citing works
Galinsky, A. D., Ku, G., & Wang, C. S. (2005) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430205051060 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: Youngsters' experiences and parental perception
Dehue, F., Bolman, C., & Völlink, T. (2008) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0008 · Cited by 802 · see citing works
Why Youth Heart Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked Publics in Teenage Social Life
boyd, D. (2017) · Issue Lab (Candid) · doi:10.17605/osf.io/22hq2 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
Development of Prosocial Motivation: Empathy and Guilt
Hoffman, M. L. (1982) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-234980-5.50016-x · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Willard, N. E. (2006) · Cited by 712 · see citing works
Participant role approach to school bullying: implications for interventions
Salmivalli, C. (1999) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.1999.0239 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Wicklund, R. A. (1975) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60252-x · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Cohen, S. (1971) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543041001071 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Parents' Use of Inductive Discipline: Relations to Children's Empathy and Prosocial Behavior
Krevans, J., & Gibbs, J. C. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01913.x · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: Predicting Victimisation and Perpetration
Walrave, M., & Heirman, W. (2009) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2009.00260.x · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Effects of actual deception and suspiciousness of deception on interpersonal perceptions.
Toris, C. C. M., & DePaulo, B. M. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.47.5.1063 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Causes and implications of disinhibited behavior on the Internet.
Joinson, A. (1998) · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Emotional role playing, attitude change, and attraction toward a disabled person.
Clore, G. L., & Jeffery, K. M. (1972) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032867 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Assessing Concerns and Issues about the Mediation of Technology in Cyberbullying
Heirman, W., & Walrave, M. (2008) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Caring classrooms/intelligent schools: the social emotional education of young children
(2002) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-2919 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
STI Research: Recruiting an Unbiased Sample
Reed, J. L., Thistlethwaite, J. M., & Huppert, J. S. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.02.010 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The Effects of Training in Social Perspective Taking on Socially Maladjusted Girls
Chalmers, J. B., & Townsend, M. A. R. (1990) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02770.x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Giles, D. (2010) · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-05904-8_11 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Crying for Help: The No Blame Approach to Bullying
Maines, B., & Robinson, G. (1997) · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Relations of Empathy-Related Emotions and Maternal Practices to Children′s Comforting Behavior
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Carlo, G., Speer, A. L., Switzer, G. E., Karbon, M., & Troyer, D. (1993) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1006/jecp.1993.1007 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Influences on the Nature and Functioning of Online Groups
McKenna, K. Y. A. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511813740.011 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Cyber bullying: The role of traditional bullying and empathy
Steffgen, G., & Konig, A. S. (2009) · Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Behind the Scenes: Insights into the Human Dimension of Covert Bullying
Owens, L., Slee, P. T., Spears, B. A., & Johnson, B. E. H. (2008) · Flinders Academic Commons (Flinders University) · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Is the P600/SPS affected by the richness of semantic content? A linguistic ERP study in Swedish
ERICSSON, E., Olofsson, J., Nordin, S., Rudolfsson, T., & Sandström, G. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00604.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Empathy and Fear as Mediators of Resistance-to-Deviation in Children.
Sawin, D. B., & Parke, R. D. (1980) · Merrill-palmer Quarterly · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Good, the Bad and the Challenging, Conference proceedings
Nordahl, R., & Serafin, S. (2009) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 50 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Current perspectives: the impact of cyberbullying on adolescent health
Nixon, C. (2014) · Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics · doi:10.2147/ahmt.s36456 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Cyberbullying, self-esteem, empathy and loneliness
Brewer, G., & Kerslake, J. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.073 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Bastiaensens, S., Vandebosch, H., Poels, K., Cleemput, K. V., DeSmet, A., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. D. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.036 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Exploring Cyberbullying and Other Toxic Behavior in Team Competition Online Games
Kwak, H., Blackburn, J., & Han, S. (2015) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2702123.2702529 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Cleemput, K. V., Vandebosch, H., & Pabian, S. (2014) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21534 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Bilewicz, M., & Soral, W. (2020) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12670 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for Cyberbullying Detection on Twitter
Muneer, A., & Fati, S. M. (2020) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi12110187 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
DeSmet, A., Bastiaensens, S., Cleemput, K. V., Poels, K., Vandebosch, H., Cardon, G., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. D. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.051 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Cyberbullying on social networking sites: A literature review and future research directions
Chan, T. K. H., Cheung, C. M. K., & Lee, Z. W. Y. (2020) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2020.103411 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Cyberbullying: A concept analysis of defining attributes and additional influencing factors
Peter, I.-K., & Petermann, F. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.013 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Determinants of Self-Reported Bystander Behavior in Cyberbullying Incidents Amongst Adolescents
DeSmet, A., Veldeman, C., Poels, K., Bastiaensens, S., Cleemput, K. V., Vandebosch, H., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. D. (2013) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2013.0027 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Cyber-bystanding in context: A review of the literature on witnesses' responses to cyberbullying
Allison, K. R., & Bussey, K. (2016) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.03.026 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Obermaier, M., Fawzi, N., & Koch, T. (2014) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444814563519 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
The neuroscience of empathy and compassion in pro-social behavior
Stevens, F. L., & Taber, K. H. (2021) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107925 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Gahagan, K., Vaterlaus, J. M., & Frost, L. R. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.019 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Jenaro, C., Flores, N., & Frías, C. P. (2018) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2017.12.003 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Macháčková, H., & Pfetsch, J. S. (2016) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12277 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Factors influencing bystanders' behavioral reactions in cyberbullying situations
Song, J., & Oh, I. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.008 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Bystanders’ Behavior in Cyberbullying Episodes
Olenik‐Shemesh, D., Heiman, T., & Eden, S. (2015) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260515585531 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Bastiaensens, S., Pabian, S., Vandebosch, H., Poels, K., Van Cleemput, K., DeSmet, A., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2016) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12134 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Linguistic Analysis of Toxic Behavior in an Online Video Game
Kwak, H., & Blackburn, J. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15168-7_26 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Unresponsive or un-noticed?: Cyberbystander intervention in an experimental cyberbullying context
Dillon, K. P., & Bushman, B. J. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.009 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
DeSmet, A., Bastiaensens, S., Cleemput, K. V., Poels, K., Vandebosch, H., Deboutte, G., Herrewijn, L., Malliet, S., Pabian, S., Broeckhoven, F. V., et al. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.011 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Barlińska, J., Szuster, A., & Winiewski, M. H. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00799 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Individual and collective moral influences on intervention in cyberbullying
Allison, K. R., & Bussey, K. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.04.019 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Evaluation of a virtual reality enhanced bullying prevention curriculum pilot trial
Ingram, K. M., Espelage, D. L., Merrin, G. J., Valido, A., Heinhorst, J., & Joyce, M. (2019) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.12.006 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Brief report: The bystander effect in cyberbullying incidents
Macháčková, H., Dědková, L., & Mezulanikova, K. (2015) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.05.010 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Perceptions and attributions of bystanders to cyber bullying
Holfeld, B. J. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.012 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Pabian, S., Vandebosch, H., Poels, K., Cleemput, K. V., & Bastiaensens, S. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.022 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Bystander Responses to Bullying at Work: The Role of Mode, Type and Relationship to Target
Coyne, I. J., Gopaul, A.-M., Campbell, M. A., Pankász, A., Garland, R., & Cousans, F. (2017) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3692-2 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Olenik‐Shemesh, D., & Heiman, T. (2016) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2016.1195331 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Hood, M., & Duffy, A. L. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.004 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
A review of cyberbullying and suggestions for online psychological therapy
Foody, M., Samara, M., & Carlbring, P. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.05.002 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“One study by Barlińska et al. (2013) found that digital bystanders were more likely to actively engage in cyber bullying (by forwarding pictures of a classmate) than offline bullying incidents.”
BackgroundBastiaensens, S., Vandebosch, H., Poels, K., Cleemput, K. V., DeSmet, A., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. D. (2014) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2014.983979 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
A systematic literature review of factors that moderate bystanders’ actions in cyberbullying
Domínguez-Hernández, F., García, L. B., & González, A. M. (2018) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2018-4-1 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Cyber-bullying: An exploration of bystander behavior and motivation
Shultz, E. L., Heilman, R., & Hart, K. J. (2014) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2014-4-3 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Chu, X., & Rong, K. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107484 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Helping behavior among adolescent bystanders of cyberbullying: The role of impulsivity
Erreygers, S., Pabian, S., Vandebosch, H., & Baillien, E. (2016) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2016.03.003 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
A Human-Centered Systematic Literature Review of Cyberbullying Detection Algorithms
Kim, S.-H., Razi, A., Stringhini, G., Wiśniewski, P., & Choudhury, M. D. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3476066 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Who’s to blame?: The effects of victim disclosure on bystander reactions to cyberbullying
Schacter, H. L., Greenberg, S., & Juvonen, J. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.018 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Barlińska, J., Szuster, A., & Winiewski, M. H. (2015) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0412 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Balakrishnan, V. (2018) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2018.02.002 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Jacobs, N. C., Völlink, T., Dehue, F., & Lechner, L. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-396 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Adolescent perceptions of bystanders’ responses to cyberbullying
Patterson, L. J., Allan, A., & CROSS, D. S. (2015) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444815606369 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Schultze‐Krumbholz, A., Hess, M., Pfetsch, J. S., & Scheithauer, H. (2018) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2018-4-2 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Cybervictimization and Cyberbullying: The Role of Socio-Emotional Skills
Arató, N., Zsido, A. N., Lénárd, K., & Lábadi, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00248 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Zhong, J., Zheng, Y., Huang, X., Mo, D., Gong, J., Li, M., & Huang, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621418 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Piccoli, V., Carnaghi, A., Grassi, M., Stragà, M., & Bianchi, M. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.09.001 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Cao, B., & Lin, W. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.009 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Examining Variation in Adolescent Bystanders' Responses to Bullying
Waasdorp, T. E., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2018) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.17105/spr-2017-0081.v47-1 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Wright, M. F., Wachs, S., & Harper, B. D. (2018) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2018-4-6 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Chan, T. K. H., Cheung, C. M. K., Benbasat, I., Xiao, B. S., & Lee, Z. W. Y. (2022) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2022.1161 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The role of self-efficacy in defending cyberbullying victims
Clark, M., & Bussey, K. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106340 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Knauf, R.-K., Eschenbeck, H., & Höck, M. (2018) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2018-4-3 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
You, L., & Lee, Y.-H. (2019) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2019.101284 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Styles of Bystander Intervention in Cyberbullying Incidents
Moxey, N., & Bussey, K. (2019) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-019-00039-1 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Digital metamorphosis: Examination of the bystander culture in cyberbullying
Wong-Lo, M., & Bullock, L. M. (2014) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2014.06.007 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-esteem, empathy and their impacts on cyberbullying among young adults
Balakrishnan, V., & Fernandez, T. (2018) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2018.07.006 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Patterson, L. J., Allan, A., & CROSS, D. S. (2016) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2016.1143835 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Torgal, C., Espelage, D. L., Polanin, J. R., Ingram, K. M., Robinson, L. E., Sheikh, A. J. E., & Valido, A. (2021) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/2372966x.2021.1913037 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
de Souza, S. B., Simão, A. M. V., Ferreira, A. I., & Ferreira, P. C. (2017) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2017.1307818 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Huang, C. L., Zhang, S., & Yang, S. C. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106338 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Ferreira, P. C., Simão, A. M. V., Ferreira, A. I., de Souza, S. B., & Francisco, S. M. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.059 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Cho, Y., & Yoo, J.-W. (2017) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2016.1228998 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Koehler, C., & Weber, M. (2018) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2018-4-4 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Bystanders’ Supportive and Passive Responses to Cyberaggression
Macháčková, H., Dědková, L., Ševčíková, A., & Černá, A. (2016) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2016.1222499 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Longitudinal Associations in Youth Involvement as Victimized, Bullying, or Witnessing Cyberbullying
Holfeld, B. J., & Mishna, F. (2018) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2017.0369 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Polskie badanie EU Kids Online 2018 Najważniejsze wyniki i wnioski
Pyżalski, J., Zdrodowska, A., Tomczyk, Ł., & Abramczuk, K. (2019) · doi:10.14746/amup.9788323234098 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Hayashi, Y., & Tahmasbi, N. (2021) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260521992158 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hedderich, M. A., Bazarova, N. N., Zou, W., Shim, R., Ma, X., & Yang, Q. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642379 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Maghsoudi, R., Shapka, J. D., & Wiśniewski, P. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106488 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Defining Cyberbullying: a Multifaceted Definition Based on the Perspectives of Emerging Adults
Alipan, A., Skues, J. L., Theiler, S., & Wise, L. (2020) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-019-00018-6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Ouvrein, G., Backer, C. D. D., & Vandebosch, H. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.07.029 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Pyżalski, J., Plichta, P., Szuster, A., & Barlińska, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191811589 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence–Based Cyberbullying Interventions From Youth Perspective
Milošević, T., Verma, K., Carter, M. C., Vigil, S. L., Laffan, D. A., Davis, B., & Norman, J. O. (2023) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051221147325 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Mishna, F., McInroy, L. B., Lacombe‐Duncan, A., Bhole, P., Wert, M. V., Schwan, K., Birze, A., Daciuk, J. F., Beran, T., Craig, W., et al. (2016) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.5292 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Twardowska-Staszek, E., Zych, I., & Ruiz, R. O. (2018) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.10.045 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ortega-Barón, J., Postigo, J., Iranzo, B., Buelga, S., & Carrascosa, L. L. (2018) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci8010003 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Macaulay, P. J. R., Boulton, M. J., & Betts, L. R. (2018) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-018-0082-2 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Rebollo-Catalán, Á., & Buzón, V. M. (2019) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801219888025 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Wright, M. F., & Wachs, S. (2020) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-019-00042-6 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ioannou, A., Blackburn, J., Stringhini, G., Cristofaro, E. D., Kourtellis, N., & Sirivianos, M. (2018) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2018.1432688 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Schultze‐Krumbholz, A., Zagorscak, P., Hess, M., & Scheithauer, H. (2019) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-019-00040-8 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Hayashi, Y., & Tahmasbi, N. (2019) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.106157 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Aizenkot, D. (2022) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260521997433 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Psychological Correlates of Cyberbullying and Cyber-Victimization
Ildırım, E., Çalıcı, C., & Erdoğan, B. (2017) · International Journal of Human and Behavioral Science · doi:10.19148/ijhbs.365829 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Kubiszewski, V., Auzoult, L., Potard, C., & Lheureux, F. (2018) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2018.1530735 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Leduc, K., Conway, L., Gomez-Garibello, C. A., & Talwar, V. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.01.044 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Pfetsch, J. S. (2017) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2016.1256155 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Factors influencing negative cyber-bystander behavior: A systematic literature review
Jeyagobi, S., Munusamy, S., Kamaluddin, M. R., Badayai, A. R. A., & Kumar, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.965017 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Lee, J. Y., Kwon, Y., Yang, S., Park, S., Kim, E., & Na, E.-Y. (2016) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2016.1242475 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Cyberbullying experiences in classmates‘ WhatsApp discourse, across public and private contexts
Aizenkot, D. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104814 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bilewicz, M., Tempska, P., Leliwa, G., Dowgiałło, M., Tańska, M., Urbaniak, R., & Wroczyński, M. (2021) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21948 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
To Help or Not to Help: Intervening in Cyberbullying Among Chinese Cyber-Bystanders
Leung, A. N. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.483250 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Salem, A. A. M. S., Alhuwailah, A., Abdelsattar, M., Al-Hamdan, N. A. H., Derar, E., Alazmi, S., Al-Diyar, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20031846 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Cyberbullying:features, role structure, parent-child relationships and coping strategies
Солдатова, Г., & Николаевна, Я. А. (2019) · National Psychological Journal · doi:10.11621/npj.2019.0303 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Yang, H., Zhang, T., Shi, H.-F., & Fan, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1196571 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Bystanders Against Cyberbullying: a Video Program for College Students
Doane, A. N., Ehlke, S. J., & Kelley, M. L. (2019) · International Journal of Bullying Prevention · doi:10.1007/s42380-019-00051-5 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Conway, L., Gomez-Garibello, C. A., Talwar, V., & Shariff, S. (2015) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2015.1112805 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Huang, L., Li, W., Xu, Z., Sun, H., Ai, D., Hu, Y., Wang, S., Li, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2023) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s397770 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
- Authors
- Barlińska, J., Szuster, A., & Winiewski, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Warsaw (PL)
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Barlińska, Julia
- Venue
- Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-12-27
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-51
- ISSN
- 1052-9284 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1298
- OpenAlex
- W1527608753
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 19.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Workplace Violence and Bullying
- Keywords
- cyberbullying, bystander behavior, adolescents, empathy, cognitive empathy, affective empathy, cyberbullying perpetrators, cyberbullying victims, gender differences, cyberbullying intervention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
