Paraventricular nucleus of the human hypothalamus in primary hypertension: Activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons
Abstract
By using quantitative immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques, we studied corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) -producing neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in patients who suffered from primary hypertension and died due to acute cardiac failure. The control group consisted of individuals who had normal blood pressure and died of acute heart failure due to mechanical trauma. Both magno- and parvocellular populations of CRH neurons appeared to be more numerous in the PVN of hypertensive patients. Quantitative analysis showed approximately a twofold increase in the total number of CRH neurons and a more than fivefold increase in the amount of CRH mRNA in the hypertensive PVN compared with the control. It is suggested that synthesis of CRH in hypertensive PVN is enhanced. Increased activity of CRH-producing neurons in the PVN of hypertensive patients is proposed not only to entail hyperactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, but also of the sympathetic nervous system and, thus, to be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Reduced levels of vasopressin in the SCN could result in disinhibition of CRH production by the PVN and contribute to the abnormal 24-h variation in blood pressure observed in hypertensive patients.
“Thus, the reduced levels of vasopressin in the SCN could result in disinhibition of CRH production by the PVN and, in turn, contribute to the abnormal 24-h variation in blood pressure observed in these patients (Goncharuk et al., 2002).”
From The impact of the circadian timing system on cardiovascular and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as Goncharuk et al., 2002
More corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons and greater CRH mRNA are present in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of people with essential hypertension than controls.
“At the same time, more corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons and greater CRH mRNA are present in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus of people with essential hypertension than controls (Goncharuk et al., 2002).”
From The impact of the circadian timing system on cardiovascular and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as Goncharuk et al., 2002
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- Authors
- Goncharuk, V. D., Van Heerikhuize, J., Swaab, D. F., & Buijs, R. M.
- Affiliations
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology (RU)
- Corresponding author
- Goncharuk, Valeri D.
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-01-18
- Volume
- 443
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 321-331
- ISSN
- 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-9861
- OpenAlex
- W1989195109
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Keywords
- paraventricular nucleus, hypothalamus, essential hypertension, corticotropin-releasing factor, CRH neurons, CRH mRNA, magnocellular neurons, parvocellular neurons, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympathetic nervous system, heart failure, hypertension pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Neurons, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus, Statistics, Nonparametric
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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