Material approaches to stretchable strain sensors
Abstract
With the recent progress made in wearable electronics, devices now require high flexibility and stretchability up to large strain levels (typically larger than 30 % strain). Wearable strain sensors or deformable strain sensors have been gaining increasing research interest because of the rapid development of electronic skins and robotics and because of their biomedical applications. Conventional brittle strain sensors made of metals and piezoresistors are not applicable for such stretchable sensors. This Review summarizes recent advances in stretchable sensors and focuses on material aspects for high stretchability and sensitivity. It begins with a brief introduction to the Wheatstone bridge circuit of conventional resistive strain sensors. Then, studies on the manipulation of materials are reviewed, including waved structural approaches for making metals and semiconductors stretchable, the use of liquid metals, and conductive filler/elastomer composites by using percolation among the fillers. For capacitive strain sensors, the constant conductivity of the electrode is a key factor in obtaining reliable sensors. Possible approaches to developing capacitive strain sensors are presented. This Review concludes with a discussion on the major challenges and perspectives related to stretchable strain sensors.
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Recent progress in flexible devices focusing on electronic skin applications shows a requirement for stretchable and sensitive strain sensors that can tolerate over 30% strain.
“Recent progress in flexible devices focusing on electronic skin (E-skin) applications shows a requirement for stretchable and sensitive strain sensors that can tolerate over 30% strain [39].”
From The emergence of AI-based wearable sensors for digital health technology: a review (2023) · cites this paper as [39]
Conventional metal thin film based strain sensors have a limited strain range and a relatively small gauge factor (typically ≈2).
“Conventional metal thin film based strain sensors have a limited strain range and a relatively small gauge factor (GF), relative change in electrical signal divided by the applied strain (typically ≈2), [101,102] which make them challenging for wearable applications.”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [101]
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- Authors
- Park, J., You, I., Shin, S., & Jeong, U.
- Affiliations
- Yonsei University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Jeong, Unyong
- Venue
- ChemPhysChem
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-01-13
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1155-1163
- ISSN
- 1439-4235 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-7641
- OpenAlex
- W2107184659
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 11.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ChemPhysChem (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Conducting polymers and applications
- Keywords
- stretchable strain sensors, wearable electronics, electronic skin, Wheatstone bridge, resistive strain sensors, liquid metals, percolation, capacitive strain sensors, flexible electronics, stretchability, biomedical sensors
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