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Cited by 387Receptor Mechanisms and SignalingStress Responses and CortisolNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Peripheral and central effects of circulating catecholamines

William Tank, A., Lee Wong, Dona·2014·Comprehensive physiology
DOI 10.1002/cphy.c140007
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Abstract

Physical challenges, emotional arousal, increased physical activity, or changes in the environment can evoke stress, requiring altered activity of visceral organs, glands, and smooth muscles. These alterations are necessary for the organism to function appropriately under these abnormal conditions and to restore homeostasis. These changes in activity comprise the "fight-or-flight" response and must occur rapidly or the organism may not survive. The rapid responses are mediated primarily via the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, secreted from the adrenal medulla. The catecholamine neurohormones interact with adrenergic receptors present on cell membranes of all visceral organs and smooth muscles, leading to activation of signaling pathways and consequent alterations in organ function and smooth muscle tone. During the "fight-or-flight response," the rise in circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla and norepinephrine secreted from sympathetic nerve terminals cause increased blood pressure and cardiac output, relaxation of bronchial, intestinal and many other smooth muscles, mydriasis, and metabolic changes that increase levels of blood glucose and free fatty acids. Circulating catecholamines can also alter memory via effects on afferent sensory nerves impacting central nervous system function. While these rapid responses may be necessary for survival, sustained elevation of circulating catecholamines for prolonged periods of time can also produce pathological conditions, such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, hypertension, and posttraumatic stress disorder. In this review, we discuss the present knowledge of the effects of circulating catecholamines on peripheral organs and tissues, as well as on memory in the brain.

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  • The diabetogenic effect of GH is validated by the high prevalence of diabetes in patients with acromegaly.

    “The diabetogenic effect of GH is also validated by the high prevalence of diabetes in patients with acromegaly, a condition wherein the excessive growth hormones are produced citep (29).”

    From The progression of secondary diabetes: A review of modeling studies (2022) · cites this paper as [29]

  • GH has been characterized as one of the anti-insulin hormones.

    “GH has been characterized as one of the anti-insulin hormones.”

    From The progression of secondary diabetes: A review of modeling studies (2022) · cites this paper as [29]

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Authors
William Tank, A., & Lee Wong, D.
Venue
Comprehensive physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2014-12-23
Volume
5
Issue
1
Pages
1-15
ISSN
2040-4603 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1002/cphy.c140007
OpenAlex
W1561757844
Cited by
387
References
134
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 5
Type
other
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm)
Locations
  • Comprehensive physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
circulating catecholamines, epinephrine, norepinephrine, fight-or-flight response, adrenergic receptors, adrenal medulla, sympathetic nervous system, smooth muscle tone, blood pressure, cardiac output, memory, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, hypertension, post-traumatic stress disorder, stress physiology
MeSH terms
Dopamine, Epinephrine, Humans, Norepinephrine, Receptors, Adrenergic, Receptors, Dopamine, Stress, Physiological, Exercise

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