Intestinal absorption of bile acids in health and disease

Ticho, Alexander L.; Malhotra, Pooja; Dudeja, Pradeep K.; Gill, Ravinder K.; Alrefai, Waddah A.

doi:10.1002/cphy.c190007

Cited by 215Drug Transport and Resistance MechanismsCholesterol and Lipid MetabolismGut microbiota and health

Intestinal absorption of bile acids in health and disease

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Ticho, Alexander L., Malhotra, Pooja, Dudeja, Pradeep K., Gill, Ravinder K., Alrefai, Waddah A.·2019·Comprehensive physiology

DOI 10.1002/cphy.c190007PMC PMC7171925

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Abstract

The intestinal reclamation of bile acids is crucial for the maintenance of their enterohepatic circulation. The majority of bile acids are actively absorbed via specific transport proteins that are highly expressed in the distal ileum. The uptake of bile acids by intestinal epithelial cells modulates the activation of cytosolic and membrane receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1), which has a profound effect on hepatic synthesis of bile acids as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. Extensive research has focused on delineating the processes of bile acid absorption and determining the contribution of dysregulated ileal signaling in the development of intestinal and hepatic disorders. For example, a decrease in the levels of the bile acid-induced ileal hormone FGF15/19 is implicated in bile acid-induced diarrhea (BAD). Conversely, the increase in bile acid absorption with subsequent overload of bile acids could be involved in the pathophysiology of liver and metabolic disorders such as fatty liver diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review article will attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms involved in the intestinal handling of bile acids, the pathological implications of disrupted intestinal bile acid homeostasis, and the potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of bile acid-related disorders. Published 2020. Compr Physiol 10:21-56, 2020.

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Bile acids are synthesized in the liver as primary bile acids and are typically combined with glycine or taurine before secretion into the duodenum to facilitate lipid absorption.
“They are synthesized in the liver (primary BA) and are typically combined with amino acids glycine or taurine (primary conjugated BA) before secretion into the duodenum to facilitate lipid absorption.13”
From <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> strains KABP011, KABP012, and KABP013 modulate bile acids and cholesterol metabolism in humans (2024) · cites this paper as [13]

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Authors: Ticho, A. L., Malhotra, P., Dudeja, P. K., Gill, R. K., & Alrefai, W. A.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Chicago (US)
Corresponding author: Alrefai, Waddah A.
ORCID: Ticho, Alexander L.
Dudeja, Pradeep K.
Gill, Ravinder K.
Alrefai, Waddah A.
Venue: Comprehensive physiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2019-12-18
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 21-56
ISSN: 2040-4603 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190007
PMC: PMC7171925
OpenAlex: W2996185021
Cited by: 215
References: 448
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 6 · 2018: 2
Type: other
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm)
Locations: Comprehensive physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01BX000152, IK6 BX005243, I01BX002011)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK054016, F30DK117535, R01DK098170, R01DK081858, R56DK092441, R01DK092441, R01DK109709)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Keywords: bile acid absorption, enterohepatic circulation, farnesoid X receptor, TGR5, FGF15/19, bile acid homeostasis, hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, hepatic bile acid synthesis, glycolipid metabolism, intestinal epithelial cells
MeSH terms: Animals, Bile Acids and Salts, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Liver

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Intestinal absorption of bile acids in health and disease

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