Identification of a nuclear receptor that is activated by farnesol metabolites
Open accessAbstract
Nuclear hormone receptors comprise a superfamily of ligand-modulated transcription factors that mediate the transcriptional activities of steroids, retinoids, and thyroid hormones. A growing number of related proteins have been identified that possess the structural features of hormone receptors, but that lack known ligands. Known as orphan receptors, these proteins represent targets for novel signaling molecules. We have isolated a mammalian orphan receptor that forms a heterodimeric complex with the retinoid X receptor. A screen of candidate ligands identified farnesol and related metabolites as effective activators of this complex. Farnesol metabolites are generated intracellularly and are required for the synthesis of cholesterol, bile acids, steroids, retinoids, and farnesylated proteins. Intermediary metabolites have been recognized as transcriptional regulators in bacteria and yeast. Our results now suggest that metabolite-controlled intracellular signaling systems are utilized by higher organisms.
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The discovery of FXR and TGR5 receptors in the adrenal gland connects BAs with glucocorticoid metabolism.
“The discovery of FXR and TGR5 receptors in the adrenal gland further connects BAs with glucocorticoid metabolism (311, 313–315).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [313]
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Identification of Novel Pathways That Control Farnesoid X Receptor-mediated Hypocholesterolemia
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Deletion of mouse FXR gene disturbs multiple neurotransmitter systems and alters neurobehavior
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Role of TGR5 (GPBAR1) in Liver Disease
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- Authors
- Forman, B. M., Goode, E., Chen, J., Oro, A. E., Bradley, D. J., Perlmann, T., Noonan, D. J., Burka, L. T., McMorris, T., Lamph, W. W., Evans, R. M., & Weinberger, C.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Kentucky (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Ligand Pharmaceuticals (United States) (US)
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-06
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 687-693
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1976621716
- Cited by
- 1,210
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 40.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Keywords
- nuclear receptors, orphan receptors, retinoid X receptor, heterodimer, ligand identification, transcriptional activation, farnesylated proteins, cholesterol biosynthesis, bile acids, steroidogenesis, retinoids, intracellular signaling, ligand screening
- MeSH terms
- Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Cells, Cultured, DNA, DNA-Binding Proteins, Farnesol, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Terpenes, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Transfection, Blotting, Northern, Signal Transduction, DNA, Complementary, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, Retinoid X Receptors, Mice, Rats
About these checks
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