Cited by 1,210Cholesterol and Lipid MetabolismNuclear Receptors and SignalingRetinoids in leukemia and cellular processes

Identification of a nuclear receptor that is activated by farnesol metabolites

Open access
Forman, Barry M, Goode, Elizabeth, Chen, Jasmine, Oro, Anthony E, Bradley, David J, Perlmann, Thomas, Noonan, Daniel J, Burka, Leo T +4 more·1995·Cell

Abstract

Nuclear hormone receptors comprise a superfamily of ligand-modulated transcription factors that mediate the transcriptional activities of steroids, retinoids, and thyroid hormones. A growing number of related proteins have been identified that possess the structural features of hormone receptors, but that lack known ligands. Known as orphan receptors, these proteins represent targets for novel signaling molecules. We have isolated a mammalian orphan receptor that forms a heterodimeric complex with the retinoid X receptor. A screen of candidate ligands identified farnesol and related metabolites as effective activators of this complex. Farnesol metabolites are generated intracellularly and are required for the synthesis of cholesterol, bile acids, steroids, retinoids, and farnesylated proteins. Intermediary metabolites have been recognized as transcriptional regulators in bacteria and yeast. Our results now suggest that metabolite-controlled intracellular signaling systems are utilized by higher organisms.

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Crossref · 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90530-8

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46 of 46 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Forman, B. M., Goode, E., Chen, J., Oro, A. E., Bradley, D. J., Perlmann, T., Noonan, D. J., Burka, L. T., McMorris, T., Lamph, W. W., Evans, R. M., & Weinberger, C.
Affiliations
  • Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • University of Kentucky (US)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
  • Ligand Pharmaceuticals (United States) (US)
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1995-06
Volume
81
Issue
5
Pages
687-693
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1976621716
Cited by
1,210
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 28 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 28
FWCI
40.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
Keywords
nuclear receptors, orphan receptors, retinoid X receptor, heterodimer, ligand identification, transcriptional activation, farnesylated proteins, cholesterol biosynthesis, bile acids, steroidogenesis, retinoids, intracellular signaling, ligand screening
MeSH terms
Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Cells, Cultured, DNA, DNA-Binding Proteins, Farnesol, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Terpenes, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Transfection, Blotting, Northern, Signal Transduction, DNA, Complementary, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, Retinoid X Receptors, Mice, Rats

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