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Cited by 795Bone Metabolism and DiseasesAlkaline Phosphatase Research StudiesBone and Dental Protein Studies

Buried alive: How osteoblasts become osteocytes

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Franz‐Odendaal, Tamara A., Hall, Brian K., Witten, P. Eckhard·2006·Developmental Dynamics
DOI 10.1002/dvdy.20603
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Abstract

During osteogenesis, osteoblasts lay down osteoid and transform into osteocytes embedded in mineralized bone matrix. Despite the fact that osteocytes are the most abundant cellular component of bone, little is known about the process of osteoblast‐to‐osteocyte transformation. What is known is that osteoblasts undergo a number of changes during this transformation, yet retain their connections to preosteoblasts and osteocytes. This review explores the osteoblast‐to‐osteocyte transformation during intramembranous ossification from both morphological and molecular perspectives. We investigate how these data support five schemes that describe how an osteoblast could become entrapped in the bone matrix (in mammals) and suggest one of the five scenarios that best fits as a model. Those osteoblasts on the bone surface that are destined for burial and destined to become osteocytes slow down matrix production compared to neighbouring osteoblasts, which continue to produce bone matrix. That is, cells that continue to produce matrix actively bury cells producing less or no new bone matrix (passive burial). We summarize which morphological and molecular changes could be used as characters (or markers) to follow the transformation process. Developmental Dynamics 235:176–190, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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  • Osteocytes comprise 90-95% of total bone cells, are the most abundant and long-lived cells, with a lifespan of up to 25 years.

    “Osteocytes, which comprise 90–95% of the total bone cells, are the most abundant and long-lived cells, with a lifespan of up to 25 years [54].”

    From Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors That Influence Bone Cells (2015) · cites this paper as [54]

  • Four recognizable stages of osteocyte differentiation have been proposed: osteoid-osteocyte, preosteocyte, young osteocyte, and mature osteocyte.

    “In this process, four recognizable stages have been proposed: osteoid-osteocyte, preosteocyte, young osteocyte, and mature osteocyte [54].”

    From Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors That Influence Bone Cells (2015) · cites this paper as [54]

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1 of the 165 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 10

  1. Aubin JE, Liu F. 1996. The osteoblast lin- eage. In: Bilezikian JP, Raisz, LG, Rodan GA, editors. The principles of bone biol- ogy. Toronto: Academic Press. p 51-67.
  2. Beresford WA. 1993. Cranial skeletal tis- sues: diversity and evolutionary trends. In: Hanken J, Hall BK, editors. The skull, Vol. 2: Patterns of structural and systematic diversity. Chicago: Univer- sity of Chicago Press. p 9 -130.
  3. Delling G, Vogel M. 1992. Patomorpholo- gie der Osteoporose. In: Schild HH, Heller M, editors. Osteoporose. Stutt- gart: Georg Thieme Verlag.
  4. Hall BK, editor. 1990. Bone, Volume 1: the osteoblast and osteocyte. Boca Raton, FL: Telford Press and CRC Press. p 494.
  5. Heersche JNM, Aubin JE. 1990. Regula- tion of cellular activity of bone-forming cells. In: Hall BK, editor. Bone, Vol. 1: the osteoblast and osteocyte. Caldwell, NJ: Telford Press. p 327-350.
  6. Holtrop ME. 1990. Light and Electron mi- croscopical structure of bone forming cells. In: Hall BK, editor. Bone, Vol. 1: the osteoblast and osteocyte. Caldwell, NJ: The Telford Press. p 1-40.
  7. Parfitt AM. 1990. Bone-forming cells in clinical conditions. In: Hall BK, editor. Bone, Vol. 1: the osteoblast and osteo- cyte. Boca Raton, FL: Telford Press and CRC Press. p 351-429.
  8. Vickaryous MK, Olson WM. 2005. Over- looked skeletal elements of the limb skel- eton; sesamoids, lunulae and other ap- pendicular ossicles. In: Hall BK, editor. Fins and limbs. Chicago: Chicago Uni- versity Press (in press).
  9. Windle WF. 1976.Textbook of histology, 5th ed. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Book Com- pany. P 561.
  10. Witten PE, Huysseune A. 2005. Mecha- nisms of chondrogenesis and osteogene- sis in fins. In: Hall BK (ed.) Fins and Limbs. Chicago Univ. Press, Chicago. In press.

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Authors
Franz‐Odendaal, T. A., Hall, B. K., & Witten, P. E.
Affiliations
Dalhousie University (CA)
Corresponding author
  • Franz‐Odendaal, Tamara A.
  • Witten, P. Eckhard
ORCID
Venue
Developmental Dynamics
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2005-10-28
Volume
235
Issue
1
Pages
176-190
ISSN
  • 1058-8388 (ISSN-L)
  • 1097-0177
DOI
10.1002/dvdy.20603
OpenAlex
W2032394856
Cited by
795
References
165
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 41
FWCI
1.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Developmental Dynamics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (publishedVersion)
  • Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Alkaline Phosphatase Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Bone and Dental Protein Studies
Keywords
osteocytes, osteoblasts, intramembranous ossification, bone formation, bone matrix mineralization, osteoblast markers
MeSH terms
Animals, Bone and Bones, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Models, Biological, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteogenesis

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