Progenitors in the adult cerebral cortex: cell cycle properties and regulation by physiological stimuli and injury
Abstract
The adult brain parenchyma contains a widespread population of progenitors generating different cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage such as NG2+ cells and some mature oligodendrocytes. However, it is still largely unknown how proliferation and lineage decisions of these progenitors are regulated. Here, we first characterized the cell cycle length, proliferative fraction, and progeny of dividing cells in the adult cerebral cortex and then compared these proliferation characteristics after two distinct stimuli, invasive acute brain injury and increased physiological activity by voluntary physical exercise. Our data show that adult parenchymal progenitors have a very long cell cycle due to an extended G1 phase, many of them can divide at least twice and only a limited proportion of the progeny differentiates into mature oligodendrocytes. After stab wound injury, however, many of these progenitors re-enter the cell cycle very fast, suggesting that the normally long G1 phase is subject to regulation and can be abruptly shortened. In striking contrast, voluntary physical exercise shows the opposite effect with increased exit of the cell cycle followed by an enhanced and fast differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the endogenous population of adult brain parenchymal progenitors is subject to profound modulation by environmental stimuli in both directions, either faster proliferation or faster differentiation.
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The recalculated TC in cortical gray matter of P60 mice is approximately 36 days, in close agreement with a recent estimate of approximately 37 days in 2- to 3-month-old mice.
“For example, we now recalculate TC in the cortical gray matter of P60 mice to be ∼36 days, in close agreement with a recent estimate of ∼37 days in 2- to 3-month-old mice (Simon et al., 2011).”
From Oligodendrocyte Dynamics in the Healthy Adult CNS: Evidence for Myelin Remodeling (2013) · cites this paper as Simon et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Simon, C., Götz, M., & Dimou, L.
- Affiliations
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Götz, Magdalena
- Dimou, Leda
- Venue
- Glia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-03-28
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 869-881
- ISSN
- 0894-1491 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-1136
- OpenAlex
- W1967017576
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 8.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Glia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- cerebral cortex, cell cycle, G1 phase, oligodendrocyte lineage, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, stab wounds, progenitor cell proliferation, progenitor cell differentiation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cerebral Cortex, Disease Models, Animal, Oligodendroglia, Stem Cells, Cell Lineage, Cell Proliferation, Mice
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