Aging of cerebral white matter: a review of MRI findings
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BACKGROUND: Cerebral aging is a complex and heterogeneous process that is associated with a high degree of inter-individual variability. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to identify and quantify non-disease-related aging of the cerebral white matter. METHODS: The present article reviews the findings from several MRI techniques, including morphometric approaches, study of white matter hyperintensities, diffusion tensor imaging, and magnetization transfer imaging, that have been used to examine aging of the cerebral white matter. Furthermore, the relationship of MRI indices of white matter integrity to age-related cognitive declines is reported. RESULTS: A general pattern of age-related preservation and decline emerges indicating that the prefrontal white matter is most susceptible to the influence of age. Studies that combine MRI with cognitive measures suggest that such age-related reductions in white matter integrity may produce a disconnection state that underlies some of the age-related performance declines in age-sensitive cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS: White matter aging may contribute to a disconnection state that is associated with declines in episodic memory, executive functions, and information processing speed.
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Previous MRI studies in humans have revealed that prefrontal white matter is highly susceptible to age-related reduction in volume.
“Previous MRI studies in humans have revealed that prefrontal white matter is highly susceptible to age-related reduction in volume,49 and that the degree of white matter changes are associated with cognitive decline.50”
From Molecular and spatial signatures of mouse brain aging at single-cell resolution (2023) · cites this paper as [49]
The Macrostructural Aging section reports reduced prefrontal white matter volume in the oldest participants, but says white matter volumes were otherwise relatively stable. The Microstructure section describes prefrontal white matter as especially vulnerable to aging based on reductions in fractional anisotropy, not volume. Thus the claim conflates microstructural vulnerability with broadly age-related volume loss. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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[Cerebral white matter lesions in the elderly: vascular risk factors and cognitive consequences].
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Meier‐Ruge, W., Bruder, A., & Theodore, D. R. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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Molecular and spatial signatures of mouse brain aging at single-cell resolution
Allen, W. E., Blosser, T. R., Sullivan, Z. A., Dulac, C., & Zhuang, X. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.010 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Cognitive Reserve and the Prevention of Dementia: the Role of Physical and Cognitive Activities
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Self-citationSlowing down: age-related neurobiological predictors of processing speed
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Early and late onset Alzheimer’s disease patients have distinct patterns of white matter damage.
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Alcohol intake and brain white matter in middle aged men: microscopic and macroscopic differences
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Age-related white matter integrity differences in oldest-old without dementia
Bennett, I. J., Greenia, D. E., Maillard, P., Sajjadi, S. A., DeCarli, C., Corrada, M. M., & Kawas, C. H. (2017) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.013 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gunning‐Dixon, F. M., Brickman, A. M., Cheng, J. C., & Alexopoulos, G. S.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gunning‐Dixon, Faith M.
- Venue
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-07-21
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 109-117
- ISSN
- 0885-6230 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1166
- PMC
- PMC2631089
- OpenAlex
- W1994947322
- Cited by
- 564
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG034189, K23AG029949)
- National Institute of Mental Health (P30MH068638, R01 MH65653, P30 MH68638, R01MH065653, K23MH074818)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Cerebrovascular and genetic disorders
- Keywords
- white matter integrity, white matter hyperintensities, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, age-related cognitive decline, prefrontal white matter, brain disconnection, episodic memory, executive function, processing speed
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Brain, Cognition, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuropsychological Tests, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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