The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of verbal fluency and confrontation naming using compressed image acquisition to permit overt responses
Open accessAbstract
Verbal fluency and confrontation naming, two tests of word retrieval, are of great utility in the field of cognitive neuroscience. However, in the context of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), movement artefact has necessitated the use of covert paradigms, which has limited clinical application. We developed two overt fMRI paradigms that allowed for performance measurement and hence were appropriate for use with patient groups. The paradigms incorporated a blocked-design and compressed-acquisition methodology where cues were presented and responses made in a "silent" period allowing for performance measurement. The slow response pace was specifically designed for older and potentially cognitively impaired participants. Verbal fluency was associated with activation in the middle frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 46 and 9), anterior cingulate gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus (area 44 and 45). Confrontation naming activated areas of the temporo-occipital cortices (areas 18, 19, and 37) and the inferior frontal gyrus. The two paradigms successfully activated regions involved in executive and word retrieval processes and overcame the potential artefacts resulting from overt speech during image acquisition, providing useful neuropsychological tools to investigate cognitive deficits in clinical populations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“While providing a behavioral correlate, paced overt single word production tasks are also problematic. These procedures reduce cognitive demands relative to the behavioral task by allowing subjects more time to reflect upon their word choice, while increasing the need to inhibit responses (see Basho et al., 2007, and Abrahams et al., 2003 for discussions of these issues).”
From Neural systems supporting lexical search guided by letter and semantic category cues: a self-paced overt response fMRI study of verbal fluency (2010) · cites this paper as Abrahams et al., 2003
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain
Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,798
Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain
Laitinen, L. (1989) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/0303-8467(89)90128-5 · Cited by 7,565
Snodgrass, J. G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.6.2.174 · Cited by 5,604
Attention to Action: Willed and Automatic Control of Behavior
Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1986) · Consciousness and Self-Regulation · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0629-1_1 · Cited by 4,455
Movement‐Related effects in fMRI time‐series
Friston, K. J., Williams, S., Howard, R., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Turner, R. (1996) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910350312 · Cited by 3,774
Self-citationSnodgrass, J. G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.6.2.174 · Cited by 3,635
Exploring the Central Executive
Baddeley, A. (1996) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/713755608 · Cited by 2,390
A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests
Selnes, O. A. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.11.1856-a · Cited by 2,278
Role of left inferior prefrontal cortex in retrieval of semantic knowledge: A reevaluation
Thompson‐Schill, S. L., D’Esposito, M., Aguirre, G. K., & Farah, M. J. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14792 · Cited by 2,137
Thurstone, L. L. (1973) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-6129-9_8 · Cited by 2,126
Practice-related Changes in Human Brain Functional Anatomy during Nonmotor Learning
Raichle, M. E., Fiez, J. A., Videen, T. O., MacLeod, A.-M. K., Pardo, J. V., Fox, P. T., & Petersen, S. E. (1994) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/4.1.8 · Cited by 1,593
Poldrack, R. A., Wagner, A. D., Prull, M. W., Desmond, J. E., Glover, G. H., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (1999) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1999.0441 · Cited by 1,448
Troyer, A. K., Moscovitch, M., & Winocur, G. (1997) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.11.1.138 · Cited by 1,241
Wagner, A. D., Paré-Blagoev, J., Clark, J., & Poldrack, R. A. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00359-2 · Cited by 924
Willed action and the prefrontal cortex in man: a study with PET
Frith, C., Friston, K. J., Liddle, P. F., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1991) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1991.0077 · Cited by 919
Cortical areas and the selection of movement: a study with positron emission tomography
Deiber, M., Passingham, R. E., Colebatch, J. G., Friston, K. J., Nixon, P. D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1991) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00231461 · Cited by 895
The role of left prefrontal cortex in language and memory
Gabrieli, J. D. E., Poldrack, R. A., & Desmond, J. E. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.3.906 · Cited by 877
Horton, A. M., & Moses, J. A. (1996) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/11.8.713 · Cited by 765
Multilingual Aphasia Examination
Patterson, J. P. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_900 · Cited by 686
Frith, C. D., Friston, K. J., Liddle, P. F., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1991) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(91)90029-8 · Cited by 656
Weale, R. (1983) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.67.2.136 · Cited by 652
Nonlinear event‐related responses in fMRI
Friston, K. J., Josephs, O., Rees, G. E., & Turner, R. (1998) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910390109 · Cited by 629
PET studies of encoding and retrieval: The HERA model
Nyberg, L. H., Cabeza, R. E. L., & Tulving, E. (1996) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03212412 · Cited by 555
Effects of Repetition and Competition on Activity in Left Prefrontal Cortex during Word Generation
Thompson‐Schill, S. L., D’Esposito, M., & Kan, I. P. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80804-1 · Cited by 541
Thompson-Schill, S. L., Swick, D., Farah, M. J., D’Esposito, M., Kan, I. P., & Knight, R. T. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.26.15855 · Cited by 488
Generic brain activation mapping in functional magnetic resonance imaging: A nonparametric approach
Brammer, M. J., Bullmore, E. T., Simmons, A., Williams, S., Grasby, P. M., Howard, R. J., Woodruff, P. W. R., & Rabe‐Hesketh, S. (1997) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/s0730-725x(97)00135-5 · Cited by 470
Self-citationSigmundsson, T., Suckling, J., Maier, M., Williams, S., Bullmore, E. T., Greenwood, K., Fukuda, R., Ron, M. A., & Toone, B. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.2.234 · Cited by 452
Self-citationFunctional magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity in a verbal fluency task
Schlösser, R. G. M., Hutchinson, M., Joseffer, S. S., Rusinek, H., Saarimaki, A., Stevenson, J., Dewey, S. L., & Brodie, J. D. (1998) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.64.4.492 · Cited by 439
Verbal fluency and executive dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Abrahams, S., Leigh, P. N., Harvey, A., Vythelingum, G. N., Grisé, D., & Goldstein, L. H. (2000) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(99)00146-3 · Cited by 427
Self-citationFunctional anatomy of cognitive development: fMRI of verbal fluency in children and adults
Gaillard, W. D., Hertz–Pannier, L., Mott, S. H., Barnett, A. S., LeBihan, D., & Theodore, W. H. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.1.180 · Cited by 423
Frontal amnesia and the dysexecutive syndrome
Baddeley, A., & Wilson, B. A. (1988) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/0278-2626(88)90031-0 · Cited by 420
Speech production: Wernicke, Broca and beyond
Blank, S. C. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf191 · Cited by 342
The Processing of Single Words Studied with Positron Emission Tomography
Petersen, S. E., & Fiez, J. A. (1993) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.16.030193.002453 · Cited by 317
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of Brocaʼs area during internal speech
Hinke, R. M., Hu, X., Stillman, A. E., Kim, S.-G., Merkle, H., Salmi, R., & Ugurbil, K. (1993) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199306000-00018 · Cited by 293
McNemar, Q. (1939) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0051913 · Cited by 289
Letter and category fluency in patients with frontal lobe lesions.
Baldo, J. V., & Shimamura, A. P. (1998) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037//0894-4105.12.2.259 · Cited by 285
Frontal lobe dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Abrahams, S., Goldstein, L. H., Kew, J., Brooks, D. J., Lloyd, C., Frith, C., & Leigh, P. N. (1996) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/119.6.2105 · Cited by 276
Self-citationFunctional heterogeneity of left inferior frontal cortex as revealed by fMRI
Paulesu, E., Goldacre, B., Scifo, P., Cappa, S. F., Gilardi, M. C., Castiglioni, I., Perani, D., & Fazio, F. (1997) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199705260-00042 · Cited by 257
FMRI of the prefrontal cortex during overt verbal fluency
Phelps, E. A., Hyder, F., Blamire, A. M., & Shulman, R. G. (1997) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199701200-00036 · Cited by 254
Attenuated Frontal Activation During a Verbal Fluency Task in Patients With Schizophrenia
Curtis, V. A., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J., Wright, I. C., Williams, S., Morris, R. G., Sharma, T. S., Murray, R. M., & McGuire, P. K. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.8.1056 · Cited by 249
Self-citationThe Neural Substrate of Picture Naming
Murtha, S. J. E., Chertkow, H. M., Beauregard, M., & Evans, A. C. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892999563508 · Cited by 229
Comparing cortical activations for silent and overt speech using event-related fMRI
Huang, J., Carr, T. H., & Cao, Y. (2002) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.1060 · Cited by 216
An event-related fMRI study of overt and covert word stem completion
Palmer, E. D., Rosen, H. J., Ojemann, J. G., Buckner, R. L., Kelley, W. M., & Petersen, S. E. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0779 · Cited by 216
Barch, D. M., Sabb, F. W., Carter, C. S., Braver, T. S., Noll, D. C., & Cohen, J. D. (1999) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1999.0500 · Cited by 186
The role of the left prefrontal cortex in verbal processing
Kapur, S., Rose, R., Liddle, P. F., Zipursky, R. B., Brown, G. M., Stuss, D. T., Houle, S., & Tulving, E. (1994) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199410270-00051 · Cited by 182
Acoustic noise and functional magnetic resonance imaging: Current strategies and future prospects
Amaro, E., Williams, S., Shergill, S. S., Fu, C. H. Y., MacSweeney, M., Picchioni, M., Brammer, M. J., & McGuire, P. K. (2002) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.10186 · Cited by 176
Self-citationLearning theory and intelligence.
Estes, W. K. (1974) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0037458 · Cited by 171
Investigating a network model of word generation with positron emission tomography
(1991) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1991.0057 · Cited by 165
Bayesian inference applied to the electromagnetic inverse problem
Schmidt, D. M., George, J. S., & Wood, C. C. (1999) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1999)7:3 · Cited by 159
A comparison of functional MR activation patterns during silent and audible language tasks.
Yetkin, F. Z., Hammeke, T. A., Swanson, S. J., Morris, G. L., Mueller, W. M., McAuliffe, T. L., & Haughton, V. M. (1995) · PubMed Central · Cited by 154
Rueckert, L. M., Appollonio, I. M., Grafman, J. H., Jezzard, P., Johnson, R., Bihan, D. L., & Turner, R. (1994) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon19944267 · Cited by 115
Heim, S., Opitz, B., & Friederici, A. D. (2002) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00494-9 · Cited by 100
Category-specific brain activation in fMRI during picture naming
Spitzer, M., Kwong, K. K., Kennedy, W., Rosen, B. R., & Belliveau, J. W. (1995) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199511000-00003 · Cited by 87
“Willed action”: A functional MRI study of the human prefrontal cortex during a sensorimotor task
Hyder, F., Phelps, E. A., Wiggins, C. J., LaBar, K. S., Blamire, A. M., & Shulman, R. G. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.13.6989 · Cited by 76
Spitzer, M., Kischka, U., Gückel, F., Bellemann, M. E., Kammer, T., Seyyedi, S., Weisbrod, M., Schwartz, A., & Brix, G. (1998) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(97)00020-7 · Cited by 74
An examination of regional cerebral blood flow during object naming tasks
Zelkowicz, B. J., Herbster, A. N., Nebes, R. D., Mintun, M. A., & Becker, A. J. T. (1998) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561779800160x · Cited by 66
Frontal lobe activation during word generation studied by functional MRI
Pujol, J., Vendrell, P., Deus, J., Kulisevsky, J., Jl, M.-V., García, C., Junqué, C., & Capdevila, A. (2009) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00018.x · Cited by 61
Wilson, R. S., Sullivan, M. P., deToledo‐Morrell, L., Stebbins, G. T., & Bennett, D. A. (1996) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.10.4.459 · Cited by 56
Localizing the lexicon for reading aloud: replication of a PET study using fMRI
Small, S. L., Noll, D. C., Perfetti, C. A., Hlustik, P., Wellington, R., & Schneider, W. (1996) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199603220-00027 · Cited by 48
Dysnomia in dementia and in stroke patients: Different underlying cognitive deficits
Margolin, D. I., Pate, D. S., Friedrich, F. J., & Elia, E. (1990) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/01688639008401004 · Cited by 44
Cortical activation in confrontation naming
Smith, C. D., Andersen, A. H., Chen, Q., Blonder, L. X., KIRSCH, J. E., & Avison, M. J. (1996) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199602290-00024 · Cited by 25
A Confrontational Naming Task Produces Congruent Increases and Decreases in PET and fMRI
Votaw, J. R., Faber, T. L., Popp, C. A., Henry, T. R., Trudeau, J. D., Woodard, J. L., Mao, H. Z., Hoffman, J. M., & Song, A. W. (1999) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1999.0471 · Cited by 25
Multiple quantum filtered23Na NMR spectroscopy of the isolated, perfused rat liver
Colet, J., Bansal, N., Malloy, C. R., & Sherry, A. D. (1999) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199906)41:6 · Cited by 17
Liddle (2001) · doi:10.1002/1097-0193(200102)12:2
Self-citationBuckley (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199901)41:1
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 67 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Baddeley AD, 1986, Working memory
- 10.1037/0894-4105.12.2.259 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)7:2<89::AID-HBM2>3.0.CO;2-N · DOI
- Kaplan EF, 1983, The Boston naming test
- McKenna P, 1983, The graded naming test
- Nelson HE, 1991, Restandardisation of the NART against the WAIS‐R
- Raven JC, 1958, Guide to standard progressive matrices
- 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199906)41:6<1274::AID-MRM27>3.0.CO;2-1 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
An fMRI investigation of syllable sequence production
Bohland, J. W., & Guenther, F. H. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.04.173 · Cited by 561
Costafreda, S. G., Fu, C. H. Y., Lee, L., Everitt, B., Brammer, M. J., & David, A. S. (2006) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20221 · Cited by 496
Self-citationTakahashi, T., Takikawa, Y., Kawagoe, R., Shibuya, S., Iwano, T., & Kitazawa, S. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.012 · Cited by 395
Birn, R. M., Kenworthy, L., Case, L., Caravella, R., Jones, T. B., Bandettini, P. A., & Martin, A. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.07.036 · Cited by 377
Enhanced visual functioning in autism: An ALE meta-analysis
Samson, F., Mottron, L., Soulières, I., & Zeffiro, T. A. (2012) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21307 · Cited by 351
Metadata
- Authors
- Abrahams, S., Goldstein, L. H., Simmons, A., Brammer, M. J., Williams, S. C. R., Giampietro, V. P., Andrew, C. M., & Leigh, P. N.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-07-22
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-40
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC6872028
- OpenAlex
- W2102846437
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 4.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- verbal fluency, confrontation naming, word retrieval, overt speech, motion artifacts, blocked designs, middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, temporo-occipital cortex, executive function, cognitive impairment, neuropsychological assessment
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Aged, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Language, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Speech
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
