Functional heterogeneity of left inferior frontal cortex as revealed by fMRI
Abstract
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we mapped brain activity in six normal volunteers during two silent verbal fluency tasks, one with a phonemic (letter) cue and one with a semantic (category) cue. In comparison with resting state, both tasks activated the anterior triangular portion of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG or F3, for third frontal gyrus) and the left thalamus. There were also areas activated in one task but not in the other: the posterior opercular portion of the left IFG for phonemic fluency, and the left retrosplenial region for semantic fluency. Our findings concur with normal psychophysical data and neuropsychological observations to suggest the recruitment of two overlapping but dissociable systems for the two tasks, and demonstrate functional heterogeneity within the left IFG (Broca's area), where the opercular portion is responsible for obtaining access to words through a phonemic/articulatory route.
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Left lateralized thalamic activation is observed during verbal fluency, naming objects, naming letters, naming colours, and reading, especially when rate of speech production increases.
“and this may explain some of the left lateralized thalamic activation observed during verbal fluency (Paulesu et al., 1997), naming objects, naming letters, naming colours and reading (Price and Friston, 1997) especially when the rate of speech production increased (Palmer et al., 2001).”
From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Paulesu et al., 1997
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Self-citationSpatial and Temporal Characteristics of Error-Related Activity in the Human Brain
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The underlying mechanisms of verbal fluency deficit in frontotemporal dementia and semantic dementia
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- Authors
- Paulesu, E., Goldacre, B., Scifo, P., Cappa, S. F., Gilardi, M. C., Castiglioni, I., Perani, D., & Fazio, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Milan (IT)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuroreport
- Published
- 1997-05
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2011-2016
- ISSN
- 0959-4965 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2055973760
- Cited by
- 257
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 6.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroreport (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Keywords
- left inferior frontal gyrus, Broca's area, functional heterogeneity, verbal fluency, phonemic fluency, semantic fluency, thalamus, retrosplenial cortex, language lateralization
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Recruitment, Neurophysiological, Rest, Verbal Behavior
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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