Cited by 194Functional Brain Connectivity StudiesNeural dynamics and brain functionAdvanced MRI Techniques and Applications

Endogenous brain oscillations and related networks detected by surface EEG‐combined fMRI

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Laufs, Helmut·2008·Human Brain Mapping

Abstract

It is difficult to study the brain “at rest” with an approach generally pursued in science when external manipulation (independent variable) is used to obtain informative measurements (dependent variable) about the object of interest. External manipulation in its classic sense may suspend the resting state, and hence the object of interest will evade. Naturally, unless in a final and irreversible state, biological rest will always be an endogenously dynamic process. Combining two modalities, electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), to simultaneously measure the brain's activity from two angles, one can be chosen to be interpreted as the independent variable and the other as the dependent variable, and without external manipulation the brain's spontaneous dynamics can be studied. The EEG, for example, observes endogenous modulations of vigilance and detects spontaneous events such as sleep spindles or epileptic discharges and can be used as the independent variable, i.e., to form a regressor to interrogate the fMRI data (dependent variable). The opposite is possible as well, and data fusion attempts try using all data both as dependent and independent variables at the same time. This review limits itself to an exemplary discussion of simultaneous EEG/fMRI studies in humans, and among a variety of proposed resting state networks only discusses a few, especially those for which non‐resting state literature has proposed a functional meaning: the “default mode” network and an attentional network. It will be shown that one EEG feature can correlate with different fMRI activation maps and that a single resting state network may be associated with a variety of EEG patterns giving insight into the function of different resting states and the relationship between the two modalities in themselves. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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  • EEG-informed fMRI uses EEG to separate neural components or events in time or frequency while inheriting fMRI's intrinsic spatial resolution.

    “When EEG is utilized to solve the fMRI inverse problem (i.e. EEG-informed fMRI), the solution benefits from the use of EEG to separate neural components or events in time or frequency while inheriting the intrinsic spatial resolution of fMRI (116, 140).”
  • Without sensory input, spontaneous BOLD fluctuations still correlate with underlying synaptic activity measured by LFP, ECoG, and EEG.

    “In the absence of any sensory input, spontaneous BOLD fluctuations are still correlated with underlying synaptic activity observed with LFP (136, 137), ECoG (138), and EEG (139, 140).”

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  1. Laufs H,Daunizeau J,Carmichael D,Kleinschmidt AK ( 2008): Recent advances in recording electrophysiological data simultaneously with magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage. 2007.11.039:in press. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI

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Authors
Laufs, H.
Affiliations
Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
Corresponding author
Laufs, Helmut
Venue
Human Brain Mapping
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2008-05-08
Volume
29
Issue
7
Pages
762-769
ISSN
  • 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
  • 1097-0193
OpenAlex
W2168037393
Cited by
194
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 20
FWCI
1.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Keywords
resting state, simultaneous EEG-fMRI, default mode network, attentional networks, sleep spindles, sustained attention
MeSH terms
Brain, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nerve Net

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